5. Trueness

Part 5 of this course focuses on the different aspects of trueness and its quantitative estimate, bias. In section 5.1, the general information and definitions are given. This section, in particular, explains the bias constituents (i.e. causes of bias). Section 5.2 addresses the evaluation of (overall) bias in practice. Sections 5.3 and 5.4 look at more specific aspects related to trueness (bias), specifically in case of LC-MS analysis, including experimental determination of some of the bias constituents.

5.1. Bias and its constituents

5.2. Determining bias in practice

5.3. Qualitative estimation of ionization suppression/enhancement

5.4. Quantitative estimation of ionization suppression (including ionization suppression reduction)