4. The first uncertainty quantification: uncertainty of pipetting

Brief summary: In this section the basic concepts and tools of the previous sections are put into practice on the example of a simple analytical chemistry operation – pipetting. The uncertainty sources identified in section 2 are now quantified (4.1), the obtained individual uncertainty estimates are (when needed) converted to standard uncertainties and are then combined into the combined standard uncertainty (4.2). The uncertainty components making up the combined standard uncertainty are compared and some conclusions are made (4.3). The combined standard uncertainty is converted into expanded uncertainty (4.4) and the result is presented (4.5). This approach is then practiced one calculation example (calibration of pipette, 4.6).

• 4.1. Quantifying uncertainty components
• 4.2. Calculating the combined standard uncertainty
• 4.3. Looking at the obtained uncertainty
• 4.4. Expanded uncertainty
• 4.5. Presenting measurement results
• 4.6. Practical example