MOOC: Instrumental analysis of cultural heritage objects

SELF TEST 1.1

What is paint? (There can be one or more correct answers)

It is a mixture that is composed of colouring matter and a binding medium

It is a mixture where pigment is suspended in the filler and, when it’s dry, it forms a solid film

It is a mixture where pigment is suspended in the binder and, when it’s dry, it forms a solid film

It is a mixture made by dissolving pigment in a binder

What chemical property determines oil's drying power?

Concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid residues

Content of saturated fatty acid residues

Concentration of carbohydrates

Content of carbohydrates with at least two substituents

Tempera is a painting medium where... (There can be one or more correct answers)

… the pigment is mixed with a water-soluble, typically protein-based binding agent

... water is added to the paint

… only organic pigments are used

… the pigment simultaneously acts as the binding agent

Gum Arabic has... (There can be one or more correct answers)

… the highest solubility in water of all the plant gums

… the highest density of all the plant gums

… well-known chemical composition

… the highest stability of all the plant gums

… been used as binder in gouaches

Which of the following materials are the main components in varnishes? (Think about different types of varnishes)

Resin

Spirit-based solvent

Oil

Honey

Gum Arabic

Organic pigment

Cellulose

Please put the layers of a painting into the correct order (object surface/support is at the bottom):

Underdrawing	4 Unselect 2 Unselect 1 Unselect 5 Unselect 3 Unselect
Varnish	4 Unselect 2 Unselect 1 Unselect 5 Unselect 3 Unselect
Sizing material	4 Unselect 2 Unselect 1 Unselect 5 Unselect 3 Unselect
Ground layer	4 Unselect 2 Unselect 1 Unselect 5 Unselect 3 Unselect
Paint layers	4 Unselect 2 Unselect 1 Unselect 5 Unselect 3 Unselect

Which of the following fibres are composed mainly of cellulose? (There can be one or more correct answers)

Linen

Cotton

Silk

Wool

Elastane

Nylon

Which of the following statements are correct? (There can be one or more correct answers)

Cellulose is the main component of traditional paper

Lignin content decreases the quality of the paper

Wool is the main component of traditional paper

Chalk can be used as filler in paper

Chalk is responsible for the strength of paper

Lignin is added to the paper to make it more stable

Which of the following acid residues are among the main acid residues in fresh linseed oil? (There can be one or more correct answers)

Linoleic acid residue

Butyric acid residue

Azelaic acid residue

Myristic acid residue

Elaidic acid residue

Select the three most common elements that were mixed with copper in metal objects from Metal Ages.

Please match the description of chemical composition with the correct material.

It is a natural triterpenoid resin obtained from trees. It mainly consists of tetracyclic (e.g. hydroxydammarenone, dammarenolic acid, etc.) and pentacyclic (e.g. oleanonic and ursonic acid, etc.) triterpenoids and polycadinene.	Beeswax Unselect Polyester fibre Unselect Egg yolk Unselect Dammar resin Unselect Gum Arabic Unselect Alkyd resin Unselect Acrylic resin Unselect Polyvinyl acetate Unselect Shellac resin Unselect Linseed oil Unselect Cochineal Unselect Bone glue Unselect
It is a synthetic material that chemically is polyethylene terephthalate.	Beeswax Unselect Polyester fibre Unselect Egg yolk Unselect Dammar resin Unselect Gum Arabic Unselect Alkyd resin Unselect Acrylic resin Unselect Polyvinyl acetate Unselect Shellac resin Unselect Linseed oil Unselect Cochineal Unselect Bone glue Unselect
It is an anthraquinone based dye obtained from the insect, and its main component is carminic acid.	Beeswax Unselect Polyester fibre Unselect Egg yolk Unselect Dammar resin Unselect Gum Arabic Unselect Alkyd resin Unselect Acrylic resin Unselect Polyvinyl acetate Unselect Shellac resin Unselect Linseed oil Unselect Cochineal Unselect Bone glue Unselect
It is a white, nontoxic thermoplastic resin that is prepared by free radical vinyl polymerization of the monomer vinyl acetate.	Beeswax Unselect Polyester fibre Unselect Egg yolk Unselect Dammar resin Unselect Gum Arabic Unselect Alkyd resin Unselect Acrylic resin Unselect Polyvinyl acetate Unselect Shellac resin Unselect Linseed oil Unselect Cochineal Unselect Bone glue Unselect
It is a natural insect resin consisting mainly of aliphatic acids (e.g. aleuritic and butolic acids) and a small amount of sesquiterpenoids (e.g. shellolic, jalaric and laccijalaric acids).	Beeswax Unselect Polyester fibre Unselect Egg yolk Unselect Dammar resin Unselect Gum Arabic Unselect Alkyd resin Unselect Acrylic resin Unselect Polyvinyl acetate Unselect Shellac resin Unselect Linseed oil Unselect Cochineal Unselect Bone glue Unselect
It consists of different fatty acid triglycerides (most abundant fatty acid residues: linolenic, oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic acids).	Beeswax Unselect Polyester fibre Unselect Egg yolk Unselect Dammar resin Unselect Gum Arabic Unselect Alkyd resin Unselect Acrylic resin Unselect Polyvinyl acetate Unselect Shellac resin Unselect Linseed oil Unselect Cochineal Unselect Bone glue Unselect
It is a protein-based adhesive that consist mainly of collagen.	Beeswax Unselect Polyester fibre Unselect Egg yolk Unselect Dammar resin Unselect Gum Arabic Unselect Alkyd resin Unselect Acrylic resin Unselect Polyvinyl acetate Unselect Shellac resin Unselect Linseed oil Unselect Cochineal Unselect Bone glue Unselect
It mainly consists of myricyl palmitate.	Beeswax Unselect Polyester fibre Unselect Egg yolk Unselect Dammar resin Unselect Gum Arabic Unselect Alkyd resin Unselect Acrylic resin Unselect Polyvinyl acetate Unselect Shellac resin Unselect Linseed oil Unselect Cochineal Unselect Bone glue Unselect
It is a mixture of oligo- and polysaccharides and glycoproteins.	Beeswax Unselect Polyester fibre Unselect Egg yolk Unselect Dammar resin Unselect Gum Arabic Unselect Alkyd resin Unselect Acrylic resin Unselect Polyvinyl acetate Unselect Shellac resin Unselect Linseed oil Unselect Cochineal Unselect Bone glue Unselect
It consists of polymethyl methacrylate or polymethyl acrylate.	Beeswax Unselect Polyester fibre Unselect Egg yolk Unselect Dammar resin Unselect Gum Arabic Unselect Alkyd resin Unselect Acrylic resin Unselect Polyvinyl acetate Unselect Shellac resin Unselect Linseed oil Unselect Cochineal Unselect Bone glue Unselect
It mainly consists of water, proteins, lipids and a small amount of carbohydrates and other additives.	Beeswax Unselect Polyester fibre Unselect Egg yolk Unselect Dammar resin Unselect Gum Arabic Unselect Alkyd resin Unselect Acrylic resin Unselect Polyvinyl acetate Unselect Shellac resin Unselect Linseed oil Unselect Cochineal Unselect Bone glue Unselect
It is oil-modified polyester of a polyhydroxylic alcohol (e.g. glycerol) and dicarboxylic acid or its anhydride (e.g. phthalic anhydride).	Beeswax Unselect Polyester fibre Unselect Egg yolk Unselect Dammar resin Unselect Gum Arabic Unselect Alkyd resin Unselect Acrylic resin Unselect Polyvinyl acetate Unselect Shellac resin Unselect Linseed oil Unselect Cochineal Unselect Bone glue Unselect

Which of the following statements are correct? (There can be one or more correct answers)

Cultural heritage materials are complex multicomponent mixtures.

Organic compounds in the cultural heritage materials are more preserved than inorganic materials.

Ageing of the materials do not influence the analysis.

The sample amount for the analysis is usually very small.

Degraded compounds make the analysis of the materials difficult.

Archaeological wooden items and textiles are more durable to environmental conditions than stone objects, and thus these are easier to analyse with different analytical techniques.