4. Aliasing and image enhancement

Digital sampling of any signal, whether sound, digital photographs, or other, can result in apparent signals at frequencies well below anything present in the original. Aliasing occurs when a signal is sampled at a less than twice the highest frequency present in the signal. Signals at frequencies above half the sampling rate must be filtered out to avoid the creation of signals at frequencies not present in the original sound. Thus digital sound recording equipment contains low-pass filters that remove any signals above half the sampling frequency.

Since a sampler is a linear system, then if an input is a sum of sinusoids, the output will be a sum of sampled sinusoids. This suggests that if the input contains no frequencies above the Nyquist frequency, then it will be possible to reconstruct each of the sinusoidal components from the samples. This is an intuitive statement of the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem.

Anti-aliasing is a process which attempts to minimize the appearance of aliased diagonal edges. Anti-aliasing gives the appearance of smoother edges and higher resolution. It works by taking into account how much an ideal edge overlaps adjacent pixels.

In this lecture we will talk about spatial aliasing and anti-aliasing. Also we will start to talk about image enhancement. Two main categories of image enhancement will be introduced. Point process and neighbour process will be defined. Finally we will give an introduction on definition of contrast.

http://www.uttv.ee/naita?id=20094 

http://youtu.be/SwRYL_fk_DA?list=UU-ETlxdihAaw8Pn6_Zz10lg

Review the attached document.