| Activity Area | Detailed Information | Lead Institution | Participants | 
|---|---|---|---|
| I-I Design, construction and optimization of microbial cell factories for the synthesis of novel biomaterials | • Design of organisms with new properties • Creation of new expression strains and reporter systems • Production of bioactive compounds using microbes  | UT MRI | T. Tamm, I. Faustova, M. Kivisaar, K. Mark | 
| I-II Determination of bioactive compound activity, design of methods and model systems | • Exploration and characterization of microbial communities • Screening and evaluation of bioactive compound efficacy • Methods for studying pathogenic fungi and antimicrobial compounds  | EMU PKI | K. Mark, K. Loit, R. Drenkhan, T. Tamm, R. Hõrak, H. Tamman, T. Visnapuu, A. Ivask, M. Kivisaar | 
| I-III Application of microbes in environmental remediation and monitoring | • Characterization of biodegradation pathways and microbial selection • Marker systems for environmental monitoring and ecosystem restoration  | UT MRI | M. Kivisaar, J. Truu, K. Mark, R. Drenkhan | 
| I-IV Monitoring of microbial pathogens in food and environmental samples | • Detection of pathogens in food and the environment • Analysis and sorting of emulsion systems in biotechnology  | UT MRI | M. Remm, J. Truu, O. Scheler | 
| II-I Cellular energetics and metabolism – applications in cancer therapy and cardiovascular disease treatment | • Studies on metabolism and ion exchange in cancer and cardiac cells • Development of gene and cell therapy drugs  | NICPB | T. Käämbre, M. Vendelin, T. Maimets | 
| II-II Cellular processes enhancing immune defense, development of vaccines and RNA therapeutics | • Modulation of inflammation and wound healing processes • mRNA vaccine technologies and virus–host interactions  | TU LTI | R. Tuvikene, A. Merits, T. Lehto | 
| II-III Analysis of cell populations and studies of neuronal processes for therapy development | • Single-cell sequencing and marker validation • Application of neuronal co-cultures in gene therapy research  | TalTech KBI | A. Velthut-Meikas, I. Koppel, T. Timmusk | 
| II-IV Development of nucleic acid-based drug delivery and gene expression systems (for prevention of neurodegenerative diseases) | • Analysis of delivery mechanisms and safety • Use of CRISPR-Cas and peptide compounds for gene expression modulation • Anti-amyloid and metal-chelating drugs  | UT TI | T. Lehto, M. Pooga, T. Timmusk, I. Koppel, P. Palumaa | 
UT BI – Institute of Bioengineering, University of Tartu
UT TI – Institute of Technology, University of Tartu
UT MRI – Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu
TalTech KBI – Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology
TU LTI – School of Natural and Health Sciences, Tallinn University
EMU PKI – Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences
NICPB – National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics