{"id":42,"date":"2024-04-04T04:34:37","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T01:34:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/water\/23-sustainable-development-goals-and-water\/"},"modified":"2024-04-07T16:26:28","modified_gmt":"2024-04-07T13:26:28","slug":"23-sustainable-development-goals-and-water","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/water\/23-sustainable-development-goals-and-water\/","title":{"rendered":"2.3. Sustainable development goals and water"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Water scarcity, poor water quality and inadequate sanitation negatively impact food security, livelihood choices and educational opportunities for poor families across the world. Therefore, clean water and sanitation as well as sustainable use of marine water resources are separate sustainable development goals (SDGs).<\/p>\n<p>Water is the main topic of two SDGs of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the United Nations (UN) Member States in September 2015:<br>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 10px; margin-left: 10px;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/295\/e_sdg_goals_icons-individual-cmyk-06.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>SDG 6, \u2018Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all\u2019,<\/strong> addresses the sustainability of water and sanitation access by looking at its availability and sustainable management. Its targets take the entire water cycle and its interconnections into account.<\/p>\n<p>Targets:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>6.1 \u2013 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all<\/li>\n<li>6.2 \u2013 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations<\/li>\n<li>6.3 \u2013 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally<\/li>\n<li>6.4 \u2013 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity<\/li>\n<li>6.5 \u2013 By 2030, implement integrated water resource management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate<\/li>\n<li>6.6 \u2013 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes<\/li>\n<li>6.A \u2013 By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies<\/li>\n<li>6.B \u2013 Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 10px; margin-left: 10px;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/295\/e_sdg_goals_icons-individual-cmyk-14.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>SDG 14, \u2018Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development\u2019<\/strong> addresses the negative impacts of climate change, overfishing and marine pollution.<\/p>\n<p>Targets:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>14.1 \u2013 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution<\/li>\n<li>14.2 \u2013 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans<\/li>\n<li>14.3 \u2013 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels<\/li>\n<li>14.4 \u2013 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics<\/li>\n<li>14.5 \u2013 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information<\/li>\n<li>14.6 \u2013 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation<\/li>\n<li>14.7 \u2013 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism<\/li>\n<li>14.A \u2013 Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries<\/li>\n<li>14.B \u2013 Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets<\/li>\n<li>14.C \u2013 Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>All <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals\">targets<\/a> have <a href=\"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/sdgs\/indicators\/indicators-list\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indicators<\/a> for evaluating the progress achieved. However, the targets and indicators were developed as a result of compromise and they fail to cover all aspects of SDGs. Nevertheless, these indicators may still serve as criteria in audits.<\/p>\n<p>Water-related problems and development goals have also been established under <strong>several other SDGs<\/strong>: SDG 3 on good health and well-being (reduction of water-borne diseases and deaths from water pollution and contamination), SDG 11 on sustainable cities and communities (reduction of water-related disasters), SDG 12 on responsible consumption and production (reduction of the release of chemicals to water), SDG 15 on life on land (conservation and restoration of freshwater ecosystems).<\/p>\n<p>See more at <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals\">https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals<\/a>. See also the MOOC \u2018<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/env-intro\/avaleht\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/env-intro\/avaleht\">Introduction to Environmental Auditing in the Public Sector\u2019<\/a>\u00a0 sustainable development.<\/p>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"76\" height=\"81\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-62\" title=\"info_new.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/295\/info_new.png\" alt=\"info_new.png\">Tip for auditors<\/h3>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>You may focus the audit on sustainable use of water and ask:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Does the government collect data on water use?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Are there measures for saving water?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Has the government reached the targets of SDG 6?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Does the government evaluate the progress of achieving the SDGs?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"76\" height=\"81\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-60\" title=\"motle1.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/295\/motle1.png\" alt=\"motle1.png\">THINKING EXERCISE<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">When auditing water issues you need to consider all three sustainability pillars: environmental, social and economic sustainability. Read the topics below and select the pillar under which they fall. You can select more than one option.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 650px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>To view third-party content, please accept cookies.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Change consent<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/295\/motle1.png\" width=\"76\" height=\"81\">\u00a0THINKING EXERCISE<\/h3>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Which Sustainable Development Goal related to water is the most relevant one to your country? What about the concrete targets of SDGs 6 and 14?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Water scarcity, poor water quality and inadequate sanitation negatively impact food security, livelihood choices and educational opportunities for poor families across the world. Therefore, clean water and sanitation as well as sustainable use of marine water resources are separate sustainable &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-42","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/water\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/42","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/water\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/water\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/water\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/water\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/water\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/42\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":291,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/water\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/42\/revisions\/291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/water\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}