{"id":2763,"date":"2024-07-01T19:02:46","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T16:02:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/?p=2763"},"modified":"2024-07-01T20:51:18","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T17:51:18","slug":"valaskala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/valaskala\/","title":{"rendered":"valaskala"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nimis\u00f5na <strong><em>valaskala <\/em><\/strong>on eesti kirjakeelde tulnud arvatavasti Lutheri piiblit\u00f5lke kaudu. V\u00f5imalik, et esialgu nimetati nii igasuguseid suuri mereelukaid, sh m\u00fctoloogilisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lutheri t\u00f5lke 1545. aasta tr\u00fckis esineb <em>Walfisch <\/em>\u2018valaskala\u2019 kuuel korral (1Ms 1:21, Ii 7:12, Ps 74:14, Ps 104:26, Ps 148:7, Mt 12:40). Vanaheebrea keeles ei olnud eraldi s\u00f5na vaala t\u00e4histamiseks ja Luther on saksa s\u00f5na <em>Walfisch <\/em>kasutanud kahe heebrea s\u00f5na vastena: \u05ea\u05bc\u05b7\u05e0\u05bc\u05b4\u05d9\u05df (<em>tanin<\/em>) \u2019hiiglaslik merekoletis\u2019 ja \u05dc\u05b4\u05d5\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05ea\u05b8\u05df (<em>livyatan<\/em>) \u2019Leviatan\u2019. Kaudselt on Lutheri <em>Walfisch <\/em>ka heebrea \u05d3\u05bc\u05b8\u05d2 \u05d2\u05bc\u05b8\u05d3\u05b9\u05d5\u05dc (<em>gadol dag<\/em>) \u2019suur kala\u2019 vaste. Septuagintas, t\u00e4psemalt Joona raamatus on see t\u00f5lgitud kui <em>\u03ba\u03ae\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 <\/em>(<em>k\u0113tos<\/em>) ja just <em>\u03ba\u03ae\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 <\/em>esineb ka Mt 12:40 viites Joona loole. Luther on siin t\u00f5lkevasteks valinud <em>Walfisch<\/em>, kuigi Joona raamatus on tal <em>der gro\u00dfe Fisch<\/em> \u2018suur kala\u2019 v\u00f5i lihtsalt <em>Fisch<\/em> \u2018kala\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eestikeelse tervikliku Piibli esmatr\u00fckis, mis ilmus 1739. aastal, on <em>valaskala <\/em>nendessamades salmides kus Lutherilgi, lisaks veel Hs 32:2, kus heebrea keeles on \u2019hiiglaslik merekoletis\u2019. Psalmis 74 on <em>valaskala <\/em>siiski 13., mitte 14. salmis nagu Lutheril, ning 14 salmis on t\u00f5lkevasteks <em>krokodill<\/em>. Heebrea keeles on 13. salmis \u2019hiiglaslik merekoletis\u2019 ja 14. \u2019Leviatan\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vanemates t\u00f5lgetes, n\u00e4iteks Gutslaffil (1648\u20131656) ja Virginiustel (1687\u20131690), on k\u00f5igis nimetatud kirjakohtades (kui need on t\u00f5lkes olemas) <em>suur merekala<\/em> v\u00f5i lihtsalt <em>merekala<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lutheri Piiblist on <em>Walfisch <\/em>aja jooksul peaaegu t\u00e4iesti v\u00e4lja redigeeritud. N\u00e4iteks 1964. aasta v\u00e4ljaandes on seda s\u00f5na veel ainult kahel korral. Samuti on <em>valaskala <\/em>asendatud muude v\u00e4ljenditega eesti t\u00f5lgetes, ilmselt sedam\u00f6\u00f6da, mida enam hakkas <em>valaskala <\/em>t\u00e4histama konkreetselt vaala, mitte suvalist suurt vee-elukat. 1939. aasta juubeliv\u00e4ljaandes on <em>valaskalad <\/em>veel alles (v.a Ps 74 ja 104; kusjuures Ps 74 oli <em>valaskala Leviataniga <\/em>asendanud juba Jaan Bergmann 1912), aga 1968. aasta Piiblis on <em>valaskala <\/em>nimetatud veel ainult seoses Joonaga (Mt 12:40).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kui <em>valaskala <\/em>oleks Lutherilt v\u00f5i saksa keelest otse \u00fcle v\u00f5etud s\u00f5na, oleks ootusp\u00e4rane s\u00f5nakuju <em>vaalakala <\/em>vms, mitte <em>valaskala<\/em>. V\u00f5imalik, et s\u00f5na oli meil tuntud juba oluliselt varem ja on laenatud germaani algkeelest, kus *<em>\u03c7walaz <\/em>t\u00e4hendas igasugust suurt mereelukat (vt H\u00e4kkinen 2004: 1438, DWDS). Ka soome vanemates piiblit\u00f5lgetes on just <em>valas(kala)<\/em>, mitte rootsi- ega saksap\u00e4raselt <em>vaal<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"accordion-block mb-3\">\n\t\t<div class=\"accordion \" id=\"accordion-accordion-69d5907851cc4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5907851cc4-heading-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5907851cc4-collapse-1\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5907851cc4-collapse-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u00e4hendused ja n\u00e4itelaused\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"accordion-69d5907851cc4-collapse-1\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5907851cc4-heading-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><small>Ja Jummal loi sured <strong>wallas-kallad<\/strong>, ja keik suggu ellawaid hingesid mis liguwad, mis wessi siggitab nende suggu j\u00e4rrele, ja keik suggu tibadega lindo nende suggu j\u00e4rrele; ja Jummal n\u00e4ggi, et se hea olli. (<a href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=1&amp;kood=1739-Piibel_VT\">Piibel 1739<\/a>)<br>\n\u2018Ja Jumal l\u00f5i suured mereloomad ja k\u00f5iksugu elavad olendid, kellest vesi kihab, nende liikide j\u00e4rgi, ja k\u00f5iksugu tiibadega linnud nende liikide j\u00e4rgi. Ja Jumal n\u00e4gi, et see oli hea.\u2019 (<a href=\"https:\/\/piibel.net\/1ms.html\">1Ms 1:21<\/a>)<br>\n<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><strong>Wallaskalla<\/strong> p\u00fc\u00fcdmissest. Kuida \u00fctlesime, ei p\u00fcta sedda kalla mitte nodaga, ei ka mitte \u00f6ngega, waid tedda raiutakse ahhingiga, se on rauaga, kel kiddad k\u00fclges. (<a href=\"https:\/\/dea.digar.ee\/article\/pernopostimees\/1867\/11\/01\/2\">Perno Postimees, 1. nov 1867<\/a>)<br>\n\u2018Valaskala p\u00fc\u00fcdmisest. Nagu \u00fctlesime, ei p\u00fc\u00fcta seda kala mitte noodaga ega \u00f5ngega, vaid teda raiutakse ahinguga, see on rauaga, millel on kidad k\u00fcljes.\u2019<\/small><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"accordion-block mb-3\">\n\t\t<div class=\"accordion \" id=\"accordion-accordion-69d5907851fd6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5907851fd6-heading-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5907851fd6-collapse-1\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5907851fd6-collapse-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEsmaesinemus\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"accordion-69d5907851fd6-collapse-1\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5907851fd6-heading-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>1710\u20141730 (s\u00f5nastikus)<\/h5>\n<p><small><strong>Wallas<\/strong> \/merri\/ <strong>Kalla<\/strong> Der Wahl Fisch (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.folklore.ee\/~kriku\/VESTRING\/\">Vestring 1710\u20141730<\/a>)<\/small><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"accordion-block mb-3\">\n\t\t<div class=\"accordion \" id=\"accordion-accordion-69d5907852174\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5907852174-heading-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5907852174-collapse-1\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5907852174-collapse-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVanades s\u00f5nastikes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"accordion-69d5907852174-collapse-1\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5907852174-heading-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>Stahl 1637<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Gutslaff 1648<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>G\u00f6seken 1660<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Vestring 1710\u20131730<\/h5>\n<p><small><strong> Wallas<\/strong> \/merri\/ <strong>Kalla <\/strong>Der Wahl Fisch <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Clare 1730<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Thor Helle 1732<\/h5>\n<p><small><strong> wallaskalla<\/strong> der Wallfisch <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Svenske 18. saj I pool<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Hupel 1818<\/h5>\n<p><small><strong> wallas-kalla<\/strong> Wallfisch. r.<sup>[Tallinna k]<\/sup> d.<sup>[Tartu k]<\/sup> <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Wiedemann 1893<\/h5>\n<p><small><strong> walas-kala<\/strong> <em>G<\/em>. kala (w\u00f5llas-k.) <em>Walfisch, Wal<\/em>. <\/small><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"accordion-block mb-3\">\n\t\t<div class=\"accordion \" id=\"accordion-accordion-69d590785237d\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d590785237d-heading-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d590785237d-collapse-1\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d590785237d-collapse-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSagedus\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"accordion-69d590785237d-collapse-1\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d590785237d-heading-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>10 000 tekstis\u00f5na kohta<\/h5>\n<p><small>16. sajandil \u2013 0,00<br>\n17. sajandil \u2013 0,00<br>\n18. sajandil \u2013 0,05<\/small><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"accordion-block mb-3\">\n\t\t<div class=\"accordion \" id=\"accordion-accordion-69d59078524fe\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d59078524fe-heading-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d59078524fe-collapse-1\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d59078524fe-collapse-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTekstiviited\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"accordion-69d59078524fe-collapse-1\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d59078524fe-heading-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><small><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=valas-&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=*Helle*&amp;taasta=1739&amp;tpealkiri=%20&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=valas-&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=*Helle*&amp;taasta=1739&amp;tpealkiri= &amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\">Piibel (1739)<\/a><br>\n<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=valas-&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=&amp;tpealkiri=Wiis+head+jutto&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=valas-&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=&amp;tpealkiri=Wiis+head+jutto&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\">Wiis head jutto (1740)<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kirjandus<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-extra-small-font-size\">\u2022 DWDS = <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dwds.de\/wb\/Schnickschnack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wal<\/a>, bereitgestellt durch das Digitale W\u00f6rterbuch der deutschen Sprache.<br>\u2022 H\u00e4kkinen, Kaisa 2004. Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja. WSOY.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nimis\u00f5na valaskala on eesti kirjakeelde tulnud arvatavasti Lutheri piiblit\u00f5lke kaudu. V\u00f5imalik, et esialgu nimetati nii igasuguseid suuri mereelukaid, sh m\u00fctoloogilisi. Lutheri t\u00f5lke 1545. aasta tr\u00fckis esineb Walfisch \u2018valaskala\u2019 kuuel korral (1Ms 1:21, Ii 7:12, Ps 74:14, Ps 104:26, Ps 148:7, &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":167,"featured_media":2774,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,42,48,33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-germaani-laen","category-loomad","category-piiblitolge","category-saksa-laen"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2763","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2763"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2763\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2785,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2763\/revisions\/2785"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}