{"id":2151,"date":"2021-06-13T13:47:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-13T10:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/?p=2151"},"modified":"2024-04-14T16:47:55","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T13:47:55","slug":"viss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/viss\/","title":{"rendered":"viss"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Omaduss\u00f5na <strong><em>viss<\/em> <\/strong><strong>\u2019kindel\u2019<\/strong> on kasutanud peamiselt 17. sajandi I poole autorid Heinrich Stahl ja Georg M\u00fcller, kes m\u00f5lemad olid p\u00e4rit Tallinnast. Lisaks neile leidub <em>viss<\/em> ka L\u00e4\u00e4nemaal Karusel teeninud rootslase Lars Vigaeuse jutluste k\u00e4sikirjas (1641\u20131645).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hilisemad 17. ja 18. sajandi autorid omaduss\u00f5na <em>viss<\/em> teadaolevalt kasutanud pole, kuid 19. sajandil ilmub see s\u00f5na taas korraks v\u00e4lja hoopiski Tartus, nimelt Karl Jordani t\u00f5lgitud \u201eLambrise-Ramatus\u201c 1840. aastal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Paul Ariste (1933: 116) j\u00e4rgi kuulub <em>viss <\/em>vanemate uusrootsi laenude hulka. Eesti murretes kasutatakse omaduss\u00f5na <em>viss<\/em> nendes piirkondades, kus ajalooliselt on elanud k\u00f5ige rohkem rootslasi: saartel ja l\u00e4\u00e4nerannikul. P\u00fcsiv rootsi asustus Eesti saartel ning l\u00e4\u00e4ne- ja p\u00f5hjarannikul tekkis 13.\u201314. sajandil. Hiljem, Rootsi ajal saadeti Eestisse poliitilise \u00fclemv\u00f5imu kindlustamiseks ametnikke ja s\u00f5jav\u00e4elasi, kellega koos saabus ka \u201elihtrootslasi\u201c: vaimulikke, k\u00e4sit\u00f6\u00f6lisi, selle ja kaupmehi. Eestlastel olid l\u00e4hemad suhted just \u201elihtrootslastega\u201c, kelle kaudu j\u00f5udsid eesti keelde ka rootsi laenud. (Ariste 1981: 148; Raag 1988: 658\u2212662, 725)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00f5imalik, et omaduss\u00f5na <em>viss<\/em> pole eesti keeles kunagi olnud laiemalt levinud kui just nimetatud piirkondades, sest see puudub k\u00f5ikidest vanematest s\u00f5nastikest enne Wiedemanni. Ka Wiedemanni s\u00f5nastikus (1893) on <em>wi\u015b\u015b<\/em> \u2019fest, sicher, zuverl\u00e4ssig\u2019 (\u2019tugev, kindel, usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rne\u2019) esitatud ainult P\u00f5hja-Eesti edelaosa s\u00f5nana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tallinlaste keelde v\u00f5is <em>viss<\/em> olla laenatud ka alamsaksa, mitte rootsi keelest (Ariste 1931: 10; Ariste 1933: 116). Alamsaksa omaduss\u00f5na <em>viss<\/em> s\u00f5nastikuvasted \u00fclemsaksa keeles on olnud <em>gewiss<\/em> \u2019kindel\u2019, <em>sicher<\/em> \u2019kindel\u2019, <em>zuverl\u00e4sslich<\/em> \u2019usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rne, kindel\u2019 (vt L\u00fcbben 1888). Samas on teada, et juba 1538. aastal moodustasid Tallinna umbes 7000 elanikust kuuendiku rootslased. Rootsi ajal suurenes rootslaste hulk Tallinnas ilmselt veelgi. Sotsiaalses hierarhias paiknesid rootslased sakslaste ja eestlaste vahel, mis v\u00f5is vahetuma kontakti kaudu soodustada s\u00f5nade laenamist ikkagi just rootsi keelest (Raag 1988: 659\u2013660).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Omaduss\u00f5nast <em>viss<\/em> \u2019kindel\u2019 on kujunenud oletust v\u00e4ljendav partikkel <em>vist<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c1d09606-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c1d09606-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c1d09606-collapse\">T\u00e4hendused ja n\u00e4itelaused<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c1d09606-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c1d09606-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<h5>\u2018kindel\u2019<\/h5>\n<p><small> Eth se agkas sedda <strong>wissimb<\/strong> s\u00fcnnul s\u00fcndip \/ sihs p\u00f6hra hend Jummala pohle keickest s\u00fcddamest \/ ninck rohcki hend keickest hexitussest (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=226&amp;kood=1638-Stahl-HHIV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=226&amp;kood=1638-Stahl-HHIV\">Stahl 1638<\/a>)<br>\n\u2018Et see aga juhtub sulle seda kindlamini, siis p\u00f6\u00f6ra end Jumala poole k\u00f5igest s\u00fcdamest ning puhasta end k\u00f5igest eksitusest.\u2019 <\/small> <small> W\u00f6tta \u00fcks \u00fcmmargune tores tamme oks, lasse auko sisse, panne \u00fcks ehk kaks lodi sola senna auko ning <strong>wiss<\/strong> tamme puin pe\u00e4le \u2026 (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=75&amp;kood=1840-Jordan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=75&amp;kood=1840-Jordan\">Jordan 1840<\/a>)<br>\n\u2018V\u00f5ta \u00fcmmargune toores tammeoks, tee sinna auk sisse, pane \u00fcks v\u00f5i kaks loodi soola sinna auku ja kindel tammepunn peale \u2026\u2019 <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c1d0961c-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c1d0961c-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c1d0961c-collapse\">Esmaesinemus<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c1d0961c-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c1d0961c-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<h5>1601\u20131602 (k\u00e4sikirjas)<\/h5>\n<p><small> Se kolmas Orsak, et me\u00ffe Iumala Sana suhre lusti ninck Him\u0303o kaas piddame kuulma, on se, et Iumala Sana v\u0308x kindel ninck <strong>wi\u00df<\/strong> oppetus on, ninck muhd oppetu\u00dfet keick se wasto omat kudt v\u0308x Vnni, neist Inime\u00dfest si\u00dfe s\u00e6tuth. (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=12&amp;kood=1601-Myller-36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=12&amp;kood=1601-Myller-36\">M\u00fcller 1601\u20131602<\/a>)<br>\n\u2018Kolmas p\u00f5hjus, miks me jumalas\u00f5na suure lusti ning himuga peame kuulama, on see, et jumalas\u00f5na on kindel ning k\u00f5igutamatu \u00f5petus, k\u00f5ik muud \u00f5petused seevastu on nagu uni, inimeste poolt sisse seatud.\u2019 <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c1d0961f-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c1d0961f-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c1d0961f-collapse\">Vanades s\u00f5nastikes<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c1d0961f-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c1d0961f-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<h5>Stahl 1637<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Gutslaff 1648<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>G\u00f6seken 1660<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Vestring 1710\u20131730<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Thor Helle 1732<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Hupel 1818<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Wiedemann 1893<\/h5>\n<p><small> <strong>wi\u015b\u015b<\/strong> <em>G<\/em>. <strong>wi\u015b\u015bi<\/strong> (SW)<sup>[P\u00f5hja-Eesti edelaosa]<\/sup> <em>fest, sicher, zuverl\u00e4ssig<\/em>,<br>\n<strong>k\u00f5\u035cige wi\u015b\u015bimast p\u016bst<\/strong> <em>vom festesten, zuverl\u00e4\u00e4sigsten Holze<\/em>,<br>\n<strong>wi\u015b\u015biste<\/strong> <em>gewiss, wahr<\/em>. <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c1d09621-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c1d09621-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c1d09621-collapse\">Sagedus<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c1d09621-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c1d09621-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><small>10 000 tekstis\u00f5na kohta<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small> 16. sajandil \u2013 0,00<br>\n17. sajandil \u2013 0,36<br>\n18. sajandil \u2013 0,00 <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c1d09624-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c1d09624-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c1d09624-collapse\">Vormistik<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c1d09624-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c1d09624-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><small><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=viss&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=sg.nom.&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=V+I&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=1500-1800&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=viss&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=sg.nom.&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=V+I&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=1500-1800&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\">a.nim.<\/a><br>\n<sup> 17. saj <\/sup>wi\u00df, wis, w\u00ff\u00df<br>\n<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=viss&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=sg.nom.cmp.&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=V+I&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=1500-1800&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=viss&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=sg.nom.cmp.&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=V+I&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=1500-1800&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\">a.nim. keskv.<\/a><br>\n<sup> 17. saj <\/sup>wi\u00dfimb, wissimb<br>\n<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=viss&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=pl.nom.&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=V+I&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=1500-1800&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=viss&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=pl.nom.&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=V+I&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=1500-1800&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\">m.nim.<\/a><br>\n<sup> 17. saj <\/sup>wissit<\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c1d0962c-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c1d0962c-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c1d0962c-collapse\">Tekstiviited <\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c1d0962c-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c1d0962c-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><small><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=viss&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=*M%C3%BCller*&amp;taasta=&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=viss&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=*M\u00fcller*&amp;taasta=&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\">M\u00fcller (1600-1606)<\/a><br>\n<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=viss&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=*Stahl*&amp;taasta=&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=viss&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=*Stahl*&amp;taasta=&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\">Stahl (1632, 1637, 1638, 1641, 1649)<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kirjandus<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><small>\u2022 Ariste, Paul 1931. Rootsi m\u00f5just vanemas eesti kirjakeeles. \u2013 Eesti Keel, nr 1, lk 1\u201311.<br>\u2022 Ariste, Paul 1933. Eesti-rootsi laens\u00f5nad eesti keeles: mit einem Referat: Die estlandschwedischen Lehnw\u00f6rter in der estnischen Sprache. Tartu: [Tartu \u00dclikool], K. Mattiesen.<br>\u2022 Ariste, Paul 1981. Keelekontaktid. Tallinn: Valgus.<br>\u2022 L\u00fcbben, August 1888. Mittelniederdeutsches Handw\u00f6rterbuch.<br>\u2022 Raag, Raimo 1988. Nunn, prilla, koka ja teised. Eesti keele rootsi laens\u00f5nadest. \u2013 Keel ja<br>Kirjandus, nr 11\u201312, lk 655\u2013664; lk 725\u2013732.<\/small><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Omaduss\u00f5na viss \u2019kindel\u2019 on kasutanud peamiselt 17. sajandi I poole autorid Heinrich Stahl ja Georg M\u00fcller, kes m\u00f5lemad olid p\u00e4rit Tallinnast. Lisaks neile leidub viss ka L\u00e4\u00e4nemaal Karusel teeninud rootslase Lars Vigaeuse jutluste k\u00e4sikirjas (1641\u20131645). Hilisemad 17. ja 18. sajandi &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":167,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-alamsaksa-laen","category-rootsi-laen"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2151"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2151\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2152,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2151\/revisions\/2152"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}