{"id":1996,"date":"2021-08-01T20:06:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-01T17:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/?p=1996"},"modified":"2024-04-13T23:07:03","modified_gmt":"2024-04-13T20:07:03","slug":"plakk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/plakk\/","title":{"rendered":"plakk"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Eesti keeles kasutatud s\u00f5na <strong><em>plakk<\/em> \u2018tint\u2019<\/strong> allikaks on alamsaksa <em>black<\/em> \u2018tint\u2019 (Liin 1964: 61, vt ka Schiller, L\u00fcbben 1875\u20131881).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esimest korda mainib seda s\u00f5na Heinrich G\u00f6seken oma grammatikas (1660), kus <em>plakk<\/em> (kujul <em>Black<\/em>) on esitatud saksa s\u00f5nade loendis. G\u00f6seken (1660 [2010]: 281) kirjutab: \u201c\u2026 neid [saksa s\u00f5nu] ei tohi ilma vajaduseta [eestikeelse teksti] hulka segada, sest neil on saksa maitse k\u00fcljes ning talupojad, eriti need, kes elavad sakslastest kaugel v\u00f5i ei puutu nendega kokku, ei suuda neist aru saada \u2026\u201d. Grammatika s\u00f5nastikuosas esitab G\u00f6seken t\u00e4henduses \u2018tint\u2019 s\u00f5na <em>mustlik<\/em> ja \u2018tindipott\u2019 on tal <em>musterakk<\/em>. Tekstides neid kumbagi esile ei tule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f5na <em>must<\/em> on tindiga seostanud teisedki s\u00f5nastike koostajad, nt Thor Helle (1732) ja Vestring (1710\u20131730) pakuvad saksa <em>Tinte (Dinte)<\/em> \u2018tint\u2019 vasteks <em>raamatu must<\/em>, mis leidub ka 1715. aasta Uue Testamendi t\u00f5lkes ja v\u00f5iski sealt kaudu levima hakata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e4\u00e4likumuutuste t\u00f5ttu on <em>plakk<\/em> erinevates Eesti paikades segunenud teiste s\u00f5nadega: P\u00f5hja-Eestis kohati s\u00f5naga <em>lakk<\/em> ja L\u00f5una-Eestis s\u00f5naga <em>plekk<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae95d-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dbf8e1ae95d-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae95d-collapse\">T\u00e4hendused ja n\u00e4itelaused<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae95d-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae95d-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<h5>\u2018tint\u2019<\/h5>\n<p><small> Agga kirjutajal on pabberit, <strong>pl\u00e1kki<\/strong> ehk t\u00ednti ja s\u1ee5lge tarwis (Masing 1823, 295) <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae963-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dbf8e1ae963-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae963-collapse\">Esmaesinemus<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae963-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae963-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<h5>1660 (s\u00f5nastikus)<\/h5>\n<p><small> Black \/ <strong>Black \/ i<\/strong>. (G\u00f6seken 1660) <\/small><\/p>\n<h5>1739 (tekstis)<\/h5>\n<p><small> Ja Paruk \u00fctles neile: Omma suust lugges ta minno ette keik needsinnatsed sannad, ja minna kirjotasin ramato sisse <strong>plakkiga<\/strong>. (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=770&amp;kood=1739-Piibel_VTP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=770&amp;kood=1739-Piibel_VTP\">Piibel 1739<\/a>)<br>\n\u2018Ja Baaruk vastas neile: \u201cOma suuga \u00fctles ta mulle k\u00f5ik need s\u00f5nad ette ja mina kirjutasin tindiga raamatusse.\u201d\u2018 (<a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/piibel.net\/#q=Jr%2036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"http:\/\/piibel.net\/#q=Jr%2036\">Jr 36: 18<\/a>) <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae967-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dbf8e1ae967-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae967-collapse\">Vanades s\u00f5nastikes<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae967-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae967-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<h5>Stahl 1637<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Gutslaff 1648<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>G\u00f6seken 1660<\/h5>\n<p><small> Black \/ <strong>Black \/ i<\/strong>. <sup>[saksa keelst v\u00f5etud s\u00f5nade loendis]<\/sup> <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Vestring 1710\u20131730<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Clare 1730<\/h5>\n<p><small> <strong>Plak, i,<\/strong> die Dinte, <sup>[saksa laen]<\/sup><br>\n<strong>Plakki a\u00f1um<\/strong>, Dintenfa\u00df. <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Thor Helle 1732<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Svenske 18. saj I pool<\/h5>\n<p><small> <strong>Plak, <\/strong>Dinte<br>\n<strong>Plakki<\/strong>, Dintenfa\u00df. <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Hupel 1818<\/h5>\n<p><small> <strong>plak, ki<\/strong>, Dinte. r.<sup>[Tallinna k.]<\/sup> d.<sup>[Tartu k.]<\/sup> Lack, Siegellack r.<sup>[Tallinna k.]<\/sup> ein Fleck d.<sup>[Tartu k.] +<\/sup>[saksa laen]<br>\n<strong>\u201etoos<\/strong>. r.<sup>[Tallinna k.]<\/sup> <strong>plakki annum<\/strong>. d.<sup>[Tartu k.]<\/sup> Dintenfa\u00df. <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Wiedemann 1893<\/h5>\n<p><small> <strong>plakk<\/strong> G. <strong>plaki<\/strong> (lakk) <span style=\"background-color: #d3d3d3;\">1)<\/span> <em>Tinte<\/em>,<br>\n<strong>H\u012bna-p.<\/strong> <em>Tusche<\/em>;<br>\n<span style=\"background-color: #d3d3d3;\">2)<\/span> <em>Lack, Siegellack<\/em>. <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae96a-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dbf8e1ae96a-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae96a-collapse\">Sagedus<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae96a-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae96a-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><small>10 000 tekstis\u00f5na kohta<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small> 16. sajandil \u2013 0,00<br>\n17. sajandil \u2013 0,00<br>\n18. sajandil \u2013 0,01 <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae96e-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dbf8e1ae96e-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae96e-collapse\">Vormistik<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae96e-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae96e-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><small><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=plakk&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=sg.*kom.&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=1500-1800&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=plakk&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=sg.*kom.&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=1500-1800&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\">a.kaasa\u00fc.<\/a><br>\n<sup> 18. saj <\/sup>plakkiga<\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae970-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dbf8e1ae970-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae970-collapse\">Tekstiviited <\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae970-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dbf8e1ae970-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><small><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=plakk&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=*Helle*&amp;taasta=1739&amp;tpealkiri=%20&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=plakk&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=*Helle*&amp;taasta=1739&amp;tpealkiri= &amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\">Thor Helle (Piibel 1739)<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kirjandus<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><small>\u2022 G\u00f6seken 1660 [2010] = Kingisepp, Valve-Liivi, Kristel Ress, Kai Tafenau. Heinrich G\u00f6sekeni grammatika ja s\u00f5nastik 350. Toimetanud K\u00fclli Habicht,<\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fclli Prillop<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>. Tartu: Tartu \u00dclikool.<br>\u2022 Liin, Helgi 1964. Alamsaksa laens\u00f5nad eesti vanimas kirjakeeles. \u2013 T\u00f6id eesti filoloogia alalt I. Tartu, 32\u201374.<br>\u2022 Schiller, K.; L\u00fcbben, August 1875\u20131881. Mittelniederdeutsches W\u00f6rterbuch I\u2013VI. Bremen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eesti keeles kasutatud s\u00f5na plakk \u2018tint\u2019 allikaks on alamsaksa black \u2018tint\u2019 (Liin 1964: 61, vt ka Schiller, L\u00fcbben 1875\u20131881). Esimest korda mainib seda s\u00f5na Heinrich G\u00f6seken oma grammatikas (1660), kus plakk (kujul Black) on esitatud saksa s\u00f5nade loendis. G\u00f6seken (1660 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":167,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,74],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-alamsaksa-laen","category-murded"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1996"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1997,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1996\/revisions\/1997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}