{"id":1914,"date":"2022-05-02T16:32:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-02T13:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/?p=1914"},"modified":"2024-04-12T19:33:05","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T16:33:05","slug":"muul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/muul\/","title":{"rendered":"muul"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Loomanimetus <em><strong>muul<\/strong><\/em> on eestikeelsetes tekstis olemas alates 17. sajandi keskpaigast. H\u00e4\u00e4likuliselt langeb eesti <em>muul<\/em> kokku keskalamsaksa s\u00f5naga <em>m\u00fbl<\/em>, <em>m\u00fble<\/em>, mist\u00f5ttu seda peetaksegi alamsaksa laenuks (nt <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eki.ee\/dict\/asl\/index.cgi?Q=muul2&amp;F=M&amp;C06=et\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ASL<\/a>). Esialgu leidub <em>muul<\/em> aga ainult L\u00f5una-Eestis tegutsenud autorite tekstides ning Hupelgi (1818) m\u00e4rgib selle tartukeelseks s\u00f5naks. Niisugune levik on alamsaksa laenude puhul ebatavaline. V\u00f5imalik, et <em>muul<\/em> on (l\u00f5una)eesti keelde j\u00f5udnud hoopis vene keele vahendusel. Algup\u00e4raselt on tegu ladina s\u00f5naga <em>m\u016blus<\/em>. Samas tuleb eesti tekstides kaudselt ikkagi v\u00e4lja ka saksa keele m\u00f5ju \u2013 nimelt esineb <em>muul<\/em> k\u00f5ige vanemates kirjapanekutes ainult saksaeeskujulise liits\u00f5na <em>muuleesel<\/em> koosseisus (vrd saksa <em>Maulesel, <\/em>mida kasutati kokkulangevuse v\u00e4ltimiseks s\u00f5naga<em> Maul <\/em>\u2019mokk\u2019 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dwds.de\/wb\/Maulesel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DWDS<\/a>)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>17. sajandi I poole autorite Georg M\u00fclleri, Heinrich Stahli ja Joachim Rossihniuse tekstides puuduvad piiblisalmid, kus on muuladest juttu. \u00d5ieti, m\u00f5nikord on nad Piiblit tsiteerides selle looma lihtsalt mainimata j\u00e4tnud, kui see pole teksti m\u00f5tte edasiandmisel oluline tundunud. Hiljem on k\u00e4ibele tulnud ja p\u00f5hjaeesti piiblit\u00f5lgetes kasutusele j\u00e4\u00e4nud <em>hobueesel<\/em>. Vrd nt <a href=\"https:\/\/piibel.net\/?q=Ps%2032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ps 32: 9<\/a> t\u00f5lkeid ja refereeringuid:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><small><a href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=6&amp;kood=1605-Myller-24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">M\u00fcller (1605)<\/a>: Neistsamast on se P\u00f6ha W: kulutanuth, eth n\u00e6mat io n\u00ff rum\u0303alat omat, <strong>ku\u00ff nedt hobboset<\/strong>, sest, eth eb n\u00e6mat mingkit sarna a\u00dfia lebb\u00ff s\u00e5\u00e5 tallituth, kudt v\u0308xpeines lebb\u00ff nente Waliade.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=4&amp;kood=1638-Stahl-HHIV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stahl (1638)<\/a>: Erra olcket mitte <strong>kudt hobboset<\/strong> \/ kennelle ep ommat meelet \/ kenne suhde sisse waljat ninck suhlisset pannaxe \/ kus nemmat muito mitte tachtwat sanna kuhlma.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=52&amp;kood=1666-Blume\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Blume (1666)<\/a>: Olket mitte <strong>kud hobboset nink Muhl Eselit<\/strong> \/ kelle ei ole Moistus \/ kelle waljat nink Suhlisset Suh sisse pannetaxe \/ kus nemmat mitte sinno jure tachtwat.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=570&amp;kood=1739-Piibel_VT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Piibel 1739<\/a>: \u00c4rge olge <strong>kui hobbone, kui hobbo-esel<\/strong>; need on moistmatta; nende suus on sulissed ja waljad, neid taltsiks tehha, et nem\u0303ad muido ei tulle so liggi.<\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esimene tekst, kus <em>muul<\/em> leidub omaette s\u00f5nana, on Virginiuste k\u00e4sikirjaline Vana Testamendi t\u00f5lge aastaist 1687\u20131690. Seejuures k\u00e4\u00e4navad Virginiused seda s\u00f5na <em>i<\/em>-t\u00fcvelisena (<em>muul : muuli<\/em>). Just <em>i<\/em>-t\u00fcvelisena on <em>muul<\/em> esitatud ka n\u00e4iteks Svenske l\u00f5unaeesti s\u00f5naraamatus 18. sajandi I poolel. 19. sajandi teisel poolel nimetab Wiedemann <em>i<\/em>-t\u00fcvelist k\u00e4\u00e4namist piiblikeelseks ning esitab ka <em>a<\/em>-t\u00fcvelise variandi <em>muul : muula<\/em>. <em>a<\/em>-t\u00fcvelisena on <em>muul<\/em> olnud kasutusel Hiiumaal, ent t\u00e4henduses \u2019veise mokk\u2019; vrd saksa <em>Maul<\/em> \u2019(looma) suu\u2019. Arvatavasti on eesti kirjakeeles omavahel segunenud eri piirkondade s\u00f5nad <em>muul : muuli<\/em> \u2019eesel\u2019 ja <em>muul : muula<\/em> \u2019mokk\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c904e162-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c904e162-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c904e162-collapse\">T\u00e4hendused ja n\u00e4itelaused<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c904e162-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c904e162-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"> <small> Nink Absalom sai Tawida Sullasta wasta, ja soitis \u00fchhe <strong>Muuli<\/strong> Seljas. Nink kui se <strong>Muul<\/strong> \u00fchhe suure Oksalikko Tamme ala sai, sis j\u00e4i Absalomi P\u00e4\u00e4 sesam\u0303a Tam\u0303e k\u00fclge ninda kinni, et t\u00e4ma poos Taiwa nink Maa wahhel, agga se <strong>Muul<\/strong> jooksis t\u00e4ma ald \u00e4rra. (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eki.ee\/piibel\/index.php?tekst=tutv_virg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.eki.ee\/piibel\/index.php?tekst=tutv_virg\">Virginiused, 1687\u20131690<\/a>)<br>\n\u2018Siis sattus Absalom Taaveti sulaste ette. Absalom ratsutas <strong>muula<\/strong> seljas, ja kui <strong>muul<\/strong> j\u00f5udis suure oksliku tamme alla, siis j\u00e4i Absalom peadpidi tamme k\u00fclge, j\u00e4\u00e4des rippuma taeva ja maa vahele, kuna <strong>muul<\/strong> l\u00e4ks tema alt edasi.\u2019 (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/piibel.net\/?q=2Sm%2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/piibel.net\/?q=2Sm%2018\">2Sm 18: 9<\/a>) <\/small> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c904e168-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c904e168-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c904e168-collapse\">S\u00f5na\u00fchendid<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c904e168-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c904e168-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<h5>muuleesel<\/h5>\n<p><small> Olket mitte kud hobboset nink <strong>Muhl Eselit<\/strong> \/ kelle ei ole Moistus \/ kelle waljat nink Suhlisset Suh sisse pannetaxe \/ kus nemmat mitte sinno jure tachtwat. (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=52&amp;kood=1666-Blume\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=52&amp;kood=1666-Blume\">Blume 1666<\/a>)<br>\n\u2018\u00c4rge olge nagu hobused, nagu muulad ilma aruta; neid tuleb suuliste ja valjastega taltsaks teha, muidu nad ei tule su ligi.\u2019 (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/piibel.net\/?q=Ps%2032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/piibel.net\/?q=Ps%2032\">Ps 32: 9<\/a>) <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c904e16c-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c904e16c-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c904e16c-collapse\">Esmaesinemus<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c904e16c-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c904e16c-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<h5>umbes 1648\u20131656 (k\u00e4sikirjas)<\/h5>\n<p><small> Ninck Absalom puttis Dawidi sullaste wasto, ninck isti \u00fctte <b>Muhl<\/b>Eseli selgen. Ninck se <strong>Muhl<\/strong>Esel tulli \u00fctte suhre tamme alla, kus sacket ossat ollit, ninck temma p\u00e4h j\u00e4ihi kindi sestsammast tammest, eth temma ninda olli taiwa ninck mah wahjel, se <strong>Muhl<\/strong>Esel enge kumb temma allan olli, letz erra. (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eki.ee\/piibel\/index.php?tekst=tutv_guts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.eki.ee\/piibel\/index.php?tekst=tutv_guts\">Gutslaff 1648?\u20131656?<\/a>)<br>\n\u2018Siis sattus Absalom Taaveti sulaste ette. Absalom ratsutas <strong>muula<\/strong> seljas, ja kui <strong>muul<\/strong> j\u00f5udis suure oksliku tamme alla, siis j\u00e4i Absalom peadpidi tamme k\u00fclge, j\u00e4\u00e4des rippuma taeva ja maa vahele, kuna <strong>muul<\/strong> l\u00e4ks tema alt edasi.\u2019 (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/piibel.net\/?q=2Sm%2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/piibel.net\/?q=2Sm%2018\">2Sm 18: 9<\/a>) <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c904e16f-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c904e16f-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c904e16f-collapse\">Vanades s\u00f5nastikes<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c904e16f-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c904e16f-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<h5>Stahl 1637<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Gutslaff 1648<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>G\u00f6seken 1660<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Vestring 1710\u20131730<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Svenske 18. saj I pool<\/h5>\n<p><small> <strong>Muhl, i.<\/strong> Maulesel <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Thor Helle 1732<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Hupel 1818<\/h5>\n<p><small> <strong>muul, i<\/strong>, Maulesel; Luth. Maul +.<sup>[saksa laen]<\/sup> d.<sup>[tartukeelne]<\/sup> <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Wiedemann 1893<\/h5>\n<p><small> <strong>m\u016b\u013e<\/strong> <em>G<\/em>. <strong>m\u016bli<\/strong> <em>(bl)<\/em><sup>[piiblikeelne]<\/sup>, <strong>m\u016bl<\/strong> <em>G<\/em>. <strong>m\u016bla<\/strong> <em>Maulthier (Equus Mulus)<\/em>; \u2014 = m\u016bling; \u2014 <em>(d)<\/em><sup>[tartukeelne]<\/sup> = m\u016blukas; \u2014 m\u016blad <em>(D)<\/em><sup>[Hiiumaal]<\/sup> <em>Maul des Rindes (auch eine Speise davon).<\/em> <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c904e171-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c904e171-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c904e171-collapse\">Sagedus<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c904e171-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c904e171-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><small>10 000 tekstis\u00f5na kohta<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small> 16. sajandil \u2013 0,00<br>\n17. sajandil \u2013 0,02<br>\n18. sajandil \u2013 0,00 <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c904e178-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c904e178-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c904e178-collapse\">Vormistik<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c904e178-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c904e178-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><small><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=muul&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=sg.*nom.&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=V+I&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=muul&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=sg.*nom.&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=V+I&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\">a.nim.<\/a><br>\n<sup> 17. saj <\/sup>muhl<\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d90c904e17a-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d90c904e17a-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d90c904e17a-collapse\">Tekstiviited <\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d90c904e17a-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d90c904e17a-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><small><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=muul&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=*Blume*&amp;taasta=&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=muul&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=*Blume*&amp;taasta=&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\">Blume (1662, 1666, 1667)<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kirjandus<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><small>\u2022 ASL = Viikberg, J\u00fcri. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eki.ee\/dict\/asl\/index.cgi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alamsaksa laens\u00f5nad eesti keeles<\/a>.<br>\u2022 DWDS = <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dwds.de\/wb\/Maulesel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Digitale W\u00f6rterbuch der deutschen Sprache.<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Loomanimetus muul on eestikeelsetes tekstis olemas alates 17. sajandi keskpaigast. H\u00e4\u00e4likuliselt langeb eesti muul kokku keskalamsaksa s\u00f5naga m\u00fbl, m\u00fble, mist\u00f5ttu seda peetaksegi alamsaksa laenuks (nt ASL). Esialgu leidub muul aga ainult L\u00f5una-Eestis tegutsenud autorite tekstides ning Hupelgi (1818) m\u00e4rgib selle &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":167,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,48,58,89],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-alamsaksa-laen","category-piiblitolge","category-rahvusvaheline-sona","category-vene-laen"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1914","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1914"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1914\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1915,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1914\/revisions\/1915"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}