{"id":1796,"date":"2022-12-15T20:27:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-15T18:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/?p=1796"},"modified":"2024-04-11T22:28:23","modified_gmt":"2024-04-11T19:28:23","slug":"karpima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/karpima\/","title":{"rendered":"k\u00e4rpima"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00f5na <strong><em>k\u00e4rpima<\/em><\/strong> esmakasutus leidub 1739. aasta piiblit\u00f5lkes, ent t\u00e4nap\u00e4evasest erinevas t\u00e4henduses \u2013 <strong>\u2018teritama\u2019<\/strong>. See t\u00e4hendus on tuntud ka murretes (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eki.ee\/dict\/ems\/index.cgi?Q=k%C3%A4rpima&amp;F=M&amp;C06=et\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EMS<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tegu on laenuga kas alamsaksa keelest v\u00f5i rootsi keelest, vrd rootsi <em>sk\u00e4rpa <\/em>\u2018teritama\u2019 ja alamsaksa <em>scherpen<\/em> \u2018teritama\u2019 (\u00fclemsaksa <em>sch\u00e4rfen<\/em>). <em>Sch<\/em>-j\u00e4rjendit h\u00e4\u00e4ldati alamsaksa keeles <em>sk<\/em>. Eestlased j\u00e4tsid <em>sk<\/em>-\u00fchendist <em>s<\/em>-i \u00e4ra, kuna vanemas eesti keeles polnud s\u00f5na alguses kaash\u00e4\u00e4liku\u00fchendid v\u00f5imalikud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2666<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00e4henduses <strong>\u2018l\u00fchemaks l\u00f5ikama, p\u00fcgama\u2019<\/strong> ilmub <em>k\u00e4rpima <\/em>tekstidesse alles 19. sajandi II poolel. Ka selles t\u00e4henduses <em>k\u00e4rpima <\/em>v\u00f5ib olla alamsaksa laen, ent s\u00f5nast <em>kerven <\/em>\u2018sissel\u00f5iget tegema, l\u00fchemaks l\u00f5ikama\u2019. \u00dclemsaksa keeles on sama s\u00f5na eesti s\u00f5nale l\u00e4hedasemal h\u00e4\u00e4likulisel kujul <em>kerben<\/em>, kuid t\u00e4hendab ainult \u2018sissel\u00f5iget tegema\u2019. Varem v\u00f5idi seda siiski kasutada ka \u00fcldisemalt l\u00f5ikamise t\u00e4henduses (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dwds.de\/wb\/dwb\/kerben#GK03628\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DWB<\/a>), nii et laenu allikaks sobiks ka \u00fclemsaksa variant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alamsaksa <em>kerven<\/em>-s\u00f5na eesti vastena leidub vanas kirjakeeles 18. sajandil \u2197<em><a href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/kerv-kervima\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kervima<\/a><\/em> \u2018s\u00e4lgustama, sissel\u00f5iget tegema\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69f0a12b91373-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69f0a12b91373-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69f0a12b91373-collapse\">T\u00e4hendused ja n\u00e4itelaused<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69f0a12b91373-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69f0a12b91373-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<h5>\u2018teritama\u2019<\/h5>\n<p><small> Ja keik Israelid piddid Wilistide jure allaminnema igga\u00fcks omma sahharauda ja omma kablid ja omma kirwest ja omma raudl\u00e4bbidast <strong>kerpima<\/strong>. (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=299&amp;kood=1739-Piibel_VT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=299&amp;kood=1739-Piibel_VT\">Piibel 1739<\/a>)<br>\n\u2018Ja kogu Iisrael pidi minema alla vilistite juurde teritama, igamees oma saharauda, k\u00f5blast, kirvest ja raudlabidat.\u2019 (<a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/piibel.net\/#q=1Sm%2013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"http:\/\/piibel.net\/#q=1Sm%2013\">1Sm 13:20<\/a>) <\/small><\/p>\n<h5>\u2018l\u00fchemaks l\u00f5ikama\u2019<\/h5>\n<p><small> Nende abiga saadakse ruttu edasi ja nad saawad kaua \u2013 olgu k\u00fcll, et neil n\u00fcid ehk tiiwasi <strong>k\u00e4rbitakse<\/strong> \u2013 m\u00f5julisteks inimesteks j\u00e4\u00e4ma. (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=146&amp;kood=1889-Korw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=146&amp;kood=1889-Korw\">K\u00f5rv 1889<\/a>) <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69f0a12b9137a-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69f0a12b9137a-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69f0a12b9137a-collapse\">Esmaesinemus<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69f0a12b9137a-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69f0a12b9137a-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<h5>1660 (s\u00f5nastikus)<\/h5>\n<p><small> sch\u00e4rffen \/ (das Holtz) wahheldama, <strong>kerpima<\/strong>. <em>Hinc<\/em> <strong>kerpit<\/strong> die spannische Reuter \/ (G\u00f6seken 1660) <\/small><\/p>\n<h5>1739 \u2018teritama\u2019 (tekstis)<\/h5>\n<p><small> Ja keik Israelid piddid Wilistide jure allaminnema igga\u00fcks omma sahharauda ja omma kablid ja omma kirwest ja omma raudl\u00e4bbidast <strong>kerpima<\/strong>. (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=299&amp;kood=1739-Piibel_VT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/tekstid.php?lk=299&amp;kood=1739-Piibel_VT\">Piibel 1739<\/a>)<br>\n\u2018Ja kogu Iisrael pidi minema alla vilistite juurde teritama, igamees oma saharauda, k\u00f5blast, kirvest ja raudlabidat.\u2019 (<a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/piibel.net\/#q=1Sm%2013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"http:\/\/piibel.net\/#q=1Sm%2013\">1Sm 13:20<\/a>) <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69f0a12b9137d-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69f0a12b9137d-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69f0a12b9137d-collapse\">Vanades s\u00f5nastikes<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69f0a12b9137d-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69f0a12b9137d-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<h5>Stahl 1637<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Gutslaff 1648<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>G\u00f6seken 1660<\/h5>\n<p><small> sch\u00e4rffen \/ (das Holtz) wahheldama, <strong>kerpima<\/strong>. <em>Hinc<\/em> <strong>kerpit<\/strong> die spannische Reuter \/ <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Thor Helle 1732<\/h5>\n<p><small> \u2014 <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Hupel 1818<\/h5>\n<p><small> <strong>karpma<\/strong> s.<sup>[vt]<\/sup> <strong>k\u00e4rpma<\/strong>. <\/small> <small> <strong>k\u00e4rpma<\/strong><sup>[saksa laen]<\/sup> ein- od. umkerben. d.<sup>[tartu k.]<\/sup><br>\n<strong>\u201e hobbose raudu<\/strong> Hufeisen sch\u00e4rfen lassen. <\/small><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h5>Wiedemann 1893<\/h5>\n<p><small> <strong>k\u00e4\u0155pima, -bin, -pida<\/strong> (ka\u0155pima, kerpima) <em>sch\u00e4rfen (Hufeisen), abscheren, kappen, beschneiden (B\u00e4ume)<\/em>, <strong>k\u00fclm k\u00e4\u0155pis w\u00e4he wi\u013aja pe\u035calsed<\/strong> <em>die K\u00e4lte hat die obersten Spitzen des Getreides etwas besch\u00e4digt<\/em>. <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69f0a12b9137f-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69f0a12b9137f-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69f0a12b9137f-collapse\">Sagedus<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69f0a12b9137f-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69f0a12b9137f-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><small>10 000 tekstis\u00f5na kohta<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small> 16. sajandil \u2013 0,00<br>\n17. sajandil \u2013 0,00<br>\n18. sajandil \u2013 0,01 <\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69f0a12b91383-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69f0a12b91383-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69f0a12b91383-collapse\">Vormistik<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69f0a12b91383-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69f0a12b91383-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=k%C3%A4rpima&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=sup.&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=1500-1800&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/vakk.ut.ee\/otsi.php?lemma=k%C3%A4rpima&amp;liik=&amp;tahendus=&amp;sone=&amp;vorm=sup.&amp;keel=&amp;kontekst=5&amp;tsajand=&amp;tliik=&amp;tlevik=&amp;tautor=&amp;taasta=1500-1800&amp;tpealkiri=&amp;tkeel=&amp;boss=\">ma-tegevusnimi<\/a><br>\n<small><sup> 18. saj <\/sup>kerpima<\/small><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kirjandus<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><small>\u2022 EMS = 1994\u2212\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eki.ee\/dict\/ems\/index.cgi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Eesti murrete s\u00f5naraamat<\/a>.<br>\u2022 DWB = Deutsches W\u00f6rterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm. Lfg. 1 (1864), Bd. V (1873), Sp. 207, Z. 34.<br>\u2022 L\u00fcbben, August 1888. Mittelniederdeutsches Handw\u00f6rterbuch.<\/small><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00f5na k\u00e4rpima esmakasutus leidub 1739. aasta piiblit\u00f5lkes, ent t\u00e4nap\u00e4evasest erinevas t\u00e4henduses \u2013 \u2018teritama\u2019. See t\u00e4hendus on tuntud ka murretes (EMS). Tegu on laenuga kas alamsaksa keelest v\u00f5i rootsi keelest, vrd rootsi sk\u00e4rpa \u2018teritama\u2019 ja alamsaksa scherpen \u2018teritama\u2019 (\u00fclemsaksa sch\u00e4rfen). Sch-j\u00e4rjendit &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":167,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,57,33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-alamsaksa-laen","category-rootsi-laen","category-saksa-laen"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1796"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1797,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1796\/revisions\/1797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/vaks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}