{"id":4,"date":"2024-04-04T07:05:23","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:05:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/oder\/"},"modified":"2024-05-24T13:28:11","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T10:28:11","slug":"oder","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/oder\/","title":{"rendered":"Oder"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_40\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-40\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-40\" title=\"Oder. Autor: Daily Harjaks\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/dji_20201018_174450_105.jpg\" alt=\"Kaerapea\" width=\"360\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/dji_20201018_174450_105.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/dji_20201018_174450_105-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/dji_20201018_174450_105-768x1024.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-40\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oder. Autor: Daily Harjaks<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: FSAlbert Pro Regular, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Odra<\/strong> kodukohaks loetakse Etioopia m\u00e4giseid piirkondi ja Kagu-Aasiat, kus <\/span><\/span>kasvatati otra juba \u00fcle 9000 aasta tagasi.<span style=\"color: #284182;\"><span style=\"font-family: FSAlbert Pro Regular, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Oder on\u00a0koos nisuga \u00fcks\u00a0esimesi\u00a0teravilju\u00a0Eesti alal, mida hakati kasvatama umbes 4000 aastat tagasi.\u00a0Odrale sobivad eelk\u00f5ige\u00a0<strong>jahedad ja niisked ilmad, <\/strong>kuid oder\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: FSAlbert Pro Regular, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">talub h\u00e4sti ka v\u00e4hest sademete hulka ja m\u00e4estikukliimat, mist\u00f5ttu kasvatatakse otra\u00a0nii m\u00e4gedes kui ka p\u00f5hjapiirkondades. Teraviljadest kasvatataksegi Eestis k\u00f5ige rohkem otra.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Oder on \u00fcks <strong>l\u00fchema k\u00f5rrega teravili<\/strong>,\u00a0 k\u00f5rs on kuni 80 cm pikkune.\u00a0<strong>Odra ohted<\/strong> \u2013 n\u00f5eljad moodustised viljapeal \u2013 <strong>on pikad<\/strong> ja k\u00f5rgemal, justkui oleks k\u00e4\u00e4ridega tasaseks l\u00f5igatud. Oder on <strong>v\u00e4ga h\u00e4sti seeditav teravili.<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Oder\u00a0sisaldab\u00a0peamiselt s\u00fcsivesikuid (76-78%), v\u00e4hem valke (10-12%), lisaks v\u00e4ikeses koguses toidurasvasid. Mineraalainetest sisaldab enim kaaliumi,\u00a0fosforit ja magneesiumi;\u00a0vitamiinidest B-grupi vitamiine. Lisaks sisaldab\u00a0oder m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rsel\u00a0hulgal mineraalainet r\u00e4ni. R\u00e4ni aitab\u00a0inimese organismis toita\u00a0k\u00f5ike, mis vajab elastsust,\u00a0n\u00e4iteks nahk ja\u00a0liigesed.\u00a0Odrajahu on kasulik\u00a0v\u00e4\u00e4rtuslike valkude poolest ja sisaldab palju aminohappeid.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Odra t\u00f6\u00f6tlemisel saadakse <strong>jahu, helbeid, tangu, kruupe, mannat ja kliisid.<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Odrakruupi<\/strong>\u00a0saadakse, kui terast eraldatakse ainult v\u00e4liskest ehk s\u00f5kal. Kruubid lihvitakse. Need on\u00a0toitvad\u00a0tangained odrast, sest eemaldatud on v\u00e4ga v\u00e4he toitaineid. Kruubid sobivad\u00a0putrude, mulgikapsa ja erinevate suppide sisse nagu n\u00e4iteks hapukapsasupp, rassolnik. <strong>Odratangu<\/strong>\u00a0saadakse kestast\u00a0eraldatud odraterade\u00a0purustamise teel. Sellisel kujul on tang kaotanud osa toitaineid, eriti vitamiine ja mineraalaineid. Odrajahul on v\u00e4he kleepeainet ehk teraliimi, seet\u00f5ttu ei sobi odrajahu h\u00e4sti\u00a0k\u00fcpsetamiseks, sest k\u00fcpsetised\u00a0ei kerki. Odrajahust saab k\u00fcpsetada <strong>ordakaraskit<\/strong> (odrajahust k\u00fcpsetatud leib). Odrajahu kasutatakse teiste jahude lisandina, samuti putrude ning magustoitude nagu n\u00e4iteks odrajahuvahu valmistamiseks. Otra kasutatakse toorainena\u00a0joogit\u00f6\u00f6stuses ja kasvatatakse ka loomadele s\u00f6\u00f6daks. Teraviljatooteid tarbides tuleks eelistada t\u00e4isteratooteid.\u00a0<strong>T\u00e4isteratooted\u00a0sisaldavad rohkesti\u00a0kiudaineid,\u00a0mineraalaineid\u00a0ja erinevaid vitamiine. T\u00e4isteratooted hoiavad\u00a0k\u00f5hu kauem t\u00e4is ja aitavad v\u00e4ltida n\u00e4ljatunnet.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Ka eestlaste vana-aja kombestikus oli odral t\u00e4htis koht. J\u00f5uludeks keedeti odraputru,\u00a0k\u00fcpsetati odrakaraskit. L\u00e4bi aegade on armastatud kama, tangu- ja verivorste, odrajahu- ja kruubiputru. Enne kohviubade laiemat levikut valmistati sageli odrast viljakohvi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Allj\u00e4rgnevas videos n\u00e4ed, milline n\u00e4eb v\u00e4lja odrap\u00f5ld. Video on filmitud suvel 2020, Saarde vallas, P\u00e4rnumaal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Zeng, Pu, Du, Yang, X., Li, Mandal, Yang, T.\u00a0&amp; Yang, J. 2020; Varava, Pitsi, Magerramov &amp; Arund 2020; Teraviljast 2018; Jankovski &amp; Kuresoo 2013; Pink 2008;\u00a0MES N\u00f5uandeteenistus\u00a0s.a.; Veski Mati \u00f5petab.\u00a0s.a.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Odra kodukohaks loetakse Etioopia m\u00e4giseid piirkondi ja Kagu-Aasiat, kus kasvatati otra juba \u00fcle 9000 aasta tagasi.\u00a0Oder on\u00a0koos nisuga \u00fcks\u00a0esimesi\u00a0teravilju\u00a0Eesti alal, mida hakati kasvatama umbes 4000 aastat tagasi.\u00a0Odrale sobivad eelk\u00f5ige\u00a0jahedad ja niisked ilmad, kuid oder\u00a0talub h\u00e4sti ka v\u00e4hest sademete hulka ja &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":247,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/247"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":347,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4\/revisions\/347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}