{"id":12,"date":"2024-04-04T07:05:24","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:05:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/teraviljad\/"},"modified":"2024-05-24T13:30:03","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T10:30:03","slug":"teraviljad","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/teraviljad\/","title":{"rendered":"Teraviljad"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Teraviljad on kogu maailmas toidulaual olulisel kohal. Eesti riiklikud toitumissoovitused kutsuvad inimesi teraviljatooteid rohkem tarbima, sest teraviljatooteid peetakse \u00fcheks mitmekesise ja tasakaalustatud toitumise p\u00f5hitoidugrupiks. Teraviljatoitudes on palju kasulikke toitaineid, mis\u00a0annavad meile p\u00e4evaks rohkelt energiat.\u00a0Teraviljadest on v\u00f5imalik valmistada erinevaid\u00a0ja maitsvaid toite.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_63\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-63\" style=\"width: 331px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-63\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/mais_ja_muud_teraviljad.jpg\" alt=\"terade ja tangude kollaa\u017e\" width=\"331\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/mais_ja_muud_teraviljad.jpg 2200w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/mais_ja_muud_teraviljad-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/mais_ja_muud_teraviljad-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/mais_ja_muud_teraviljad-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/mais_ja_muud_teraviljad-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/mais_ja_muud_teraviljad-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/mais_ja_muud_teraviljad-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/mais_ja_muud_teraviljad-1920x1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-63\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fotokollaa\u017e. Autor: Daily Harjaks<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_61\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61\" style=\"width: 330px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-61\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/fotor_1616769350011.jpg\" alt=\"Viljapead 2\" width=\"330\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/fotor_1616769350011.jpg 2200w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/fotor_1616769350011-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/fotor_1616769350011-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/fotor_1616769350011-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/fotor_1616769350011-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/fotor_1616769350011-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/fotor_1616769350011-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/fotor_1616769350011-1920x1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-61\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fotokollaa\u017e. Autor: Daily Harjaks (teraviljade pead)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div style=\"clear:both\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Eestis kasvatatakse ruki<\/strong><strong>st,<\/strong><strong> otra, nisu, kaera, tatart ja maisi.<\/strong>\u00a0Kuna meie kliimatingimustes ei pruugi igal aastal maisit\u00f5lvik k\u00fcpseks saada,\u00a0siis kasvatatakse maisi varsi\u00a0ja lehti pigem\u00a0loomadele toiduks.\u00a0\u00a0K\u00f5iki teravilju Eestis kasvatada ei saa,\u00a0n\u00e4iteks riisi ja hirssi.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_64\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-64\" style=\"width: 355px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-64\" style=\"float: left; margin: 10px;\" title=\"Terise osad. Joonistanud: M. Koppel\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/terise_osad._m._koppel-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Terise osad. Joonistanud: M. Koppel\" width=\"355\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/terise_osad._m._koppel-scaled.jpg 2388w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/terise_osad._m._koppel-280x300.jpg 280w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/terise_osad._m._koppel-955x1024.jpg 955w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/terise_osad._m._koppel-768x823.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/terise_osad._m._koppel-1433x1536.jpg 1433w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/terise_osad._m._koppel-1910x2048.jpg 1910w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/terise_osad._m._koppel-1920x2059.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-64\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terise osad. Joonistanud: M. Koppel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Teraviljade terasid nimetatakse <strong>teristeks<\/strong>. <strong>Ohted<\/strong> on n\u00f5eljad moodustised viljapeal. Teravilja terades ehk teristes jaotuvad toitained eba\u00fchtlaselt. <strong>Tera sisu ehk tuum<\/strong> moodustab 80-85% teravilja kaalust ja sisaldab peamiselt valkaineid (keskmiselt\u00a010%) ja t\u00e4rklise kujul s\u00fcsivesikuid (keskmiselt 40-70%).\u00a0<strong>Idu asetseb tera otsas<\/strong> ja seal on palju tselluloosi, valku, rasva, mineraalaineid ja vitamiine. <strong>Kestad<\/strong> \u00fcmbritsevad\u00a0tuuma ja idu, sisaldavad\u00a0palju valku ja kiudaineid. V\u00e4limine kest on puine. Kokkuv\u00f5tvalt sisaldavad teraviljatooted <strong>peamiselt\u00a0s\u00fcsivesikuid (sh kasulikke kiudaineid)<\/strong>, <strong>valke, vitamiine<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>mineraalaineid ja v\u00e4hesel m\u00e4\u00e4ral toidurasvasid<\/strong>.\u00a0Valgud, mineraalained ja teraviljades sisalduvad\u00a0vitamiiinid on vajalikud n\u00e4rvis\u00fcsteemile, seedimisele, s\u00fcdamele, juustele ja nahale. K\u00f5ige toitaineterikkamad on <strong>t\u00e4isteratooted<\/strong>\u00a0ja k\u00f5ige v\u00e4hem toitaineid on valgest nisujahust k\u00fcpsetistes. <strong>T\u00e4isteratoodetes on oluliselt rohkem s\u00e4ilinud kiudaineid, mineraalaineid ja vitamiine<\/strong>. <strong>T\u00e4isteratooted hoiavad k\u00f5hu kauem t\u00e4is ja aitavad n\u00e4ljatunnet v\u00e4ltida.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Teravilju t\u00f6\u00f6deldakse ning seej\u00e4rel valmistatakse neist mitmesuguseid tooteid: eri t\u00fc\u00fcpi jahusid, kliisid, helbeid, kruupe, saia-leiba, pastatooteid, hommikus\u00f6\u00f6gihelbeid, aga ka pagari- ja kondiitritooteid.\u00a0Jahutooteid, helbeid, tangaineid ja pastat tuleb <strong>s\u00e4ilitada <\/strong>suletult, kuivas ja valguse eest varjatud kohas. T\u00e4isterajahu s\u00e4ilib l\u00fchemat aega, sest see sisaldab ka iduosakesi. Pika seismise tagaj\u00e4rjel muutuvad helbed kibedaks. Leiva- ja saiatooted s\u00e4ilivad toatemperatuuril, kauem aga k\u00fclmkapis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1754\" height=\"1240\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-59\" title=\"teraviljasaadused_viimane.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/teraviljasaadused_viimane.jpg\" alt=\"Teraviljasaadused viimane\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/teraviljasaadused_viimane.jpg 1754w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/teraviljasaadused_viimane-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/teraviljasaadused_viimane-1024x724.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/teraviljasaadused_viimane-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/479\/teraviljasaadused_viimane-1536x1086.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1754px) 100vw, 1754px\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Terade koorimisel eraldub oluline osa vitamiinidest, kiudainetest\u00a0ja mineraalainetest. Seet\u00f5ttu peaks v\u00e4hemalt osa p\u00e4evastest teraviljatoodetest moodustama t\u00e4isteratooted, sealhulgas t\u00e4isterajahust leib. T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval on kaubanduses m\u00fc\u00fcgil mitmeid masinaid, mille abil saab kodustes tingimustes teriseid t\u00f6\u00f6delda ja t\u00e4isteratooteid valmistada. J\u00e4rgmistes videotes\u00a0n\u00e4ed, kuidas valmivad kodustes tingimustes viljateradest t\u00e4isterahelbed ja t\u00e4isterajahu. <strong>K\u00e4sivaltsiga<\/strong> on v\u00e4ikse vaevaga pressitud\u00a0viljaterad helvesteks. <strong>V\u00e4ikese elektrilise veskiga<\/strong> on aga jahvatatud viljaterad t\u00e4isterajahuks. Videod on fimitud 2020. aasta s\u00fcgisel H\u00e4\u00e4demeeste vallas, P\u00e4rnumaal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Tervise Arengu Instituut 2020; Varava, Pitsi, Magerramov &amp; Arund 2020; Kimeera &amp; Sucharitha 2019; Eesti Leivaliit MT\u00dc 2015; Soria, Brok\u0142, Sanz &amp; Mart\u00ednez-Castro 2012;\u00a0Pink 2008;\u00a0\u00a0Tervise Arengu Instituut s.a.;\u00a0Miks on\u2026 s.a.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Teraviljad on kogu maailmas toidulaual olulisel kohal. Eesti riiklikud toitumissoovitused kutsuvad inimesi teraviljatooteid rohkem tarbima, sest teraviljatooteid peetakse \u00fcheks mitmekesise ja tasakaalustatud toitumise p\u00f5hitoidugrupiks. Teraviljatoitudes on palju kasulikke toitaineid, mis\u00a0annavad meile p\u00e4evaks rohkelt energiat.\u00a0Teraviljadest on v\u00f5imalik valmistada erinevaid\u00a0ja maitsvaid toite. &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":247,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/247"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":349,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions\/349"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/teravili\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}