{"id":6,"date":"2024-04-04T06:59:24","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T03:59:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/3-spordialade-klassifikatsioon\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T06:59:56","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T03:59:56","slug":"3-spordialade-klassifikatsioon","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/3-spordialade-klassifikatsioon\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Spordialade klassifikatsioon"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\tErinevate haiguslike seisundite (sh s\u00fcdame kaasas\u00fcndinud v\u00f5i omandatud seisundid) puhul rakendatakse sportimise piiranguid vastavalt klassifikaatorile.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tKasutusel olev spordialade klassifikatsioon iseloomustab spordialasid koormuse d\u00fcnaamilise ja staatilise komponendi p\u00f5hjal (vt spordialade klassifikatsioon tabelis 1).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong>D\u00fcnaamiline (isotooniline) koormus<\/strong><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"> (esiplaanil liikumine, j\u00f5ukomponent tagaplaanil) \u2013 koormusel s\u00fcdame minutimahu t\u00f5us (kuni 6 korda), m\u00f5\u00f5dukas verer\u00f5hu t\u00f5us, s\u00fcsteemne vaskulaarne takistus langeb, s\u00fcdame vasaku vatsakese mahukoormus t\u00f5useb \u2013 selle koormust\u00fc\u00fcbi puhul on iseloomulik s\u00fcdamelihase ekstsentriline h\u00fcpertroofia (vasaku vatsakese \u00f5\u00f5ne kerge-m\u00f5\u00f5dukas dilatatsioon ja seina kerge-m\u00f5\u00f5dukas paksenemine).<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong>Staatiline (isomeetriline) koormus<\/strong><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong> <\/strong>(esiplaanil j\u00f5u genereerimine, liikumine tagaplaanil) \u2013 koormusel s\u00fcdame minutimahu v\u00e4hene t\u00f5us, arteriaalse verer\u00f5hu oluline t\u00f5us, s\u00fcsteemse vaskulaarse takistuse ja s\u00fcdame vasaku vatsakese r\u00f5hukoormuse t\u00f5us \u2013 selle koormust\u00fc\u00fcbi puhul on iseloomulik kontsentriline h\u00fcpertroofia (esiplaanil on vasaku vatsakese seina paksenemine, vasaku vatsakese dilatatsioon on tagasihoidlik).<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong style=\"text-align: center\">Tabel 1. Spordialade klassifikatsioon (<i><span lang=\"ET\">Mitchell JH, Haskell W, Snell P, Van Camp SP. Task force 8: Classification of sports. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(8):1364\u20131367<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"ET\">).<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong><span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:115%\">Klassifikatsioon p\u00f5hineb d\u00fcnaamilisel ja staatilisel komponendil kehalise pingutuse ajal. D\u00fcnaamilist komponenti iseloomustab hapnikutarbimine antud kehalisel tegevusel, mis on v\u00e4ljendatud protsendina maksimaalsest hapnikutarbimise v\u00f5imest (VO<sub>2max<\/sub>). D\u00fcnaamilise komponendi suurenedes t\u00f5useb koormusel s\u00fcdame minutimaht. Staatiline komponent on v\u00e4ljendatud protsendina maksimaalsest tahtlikust lihaskontraktsioonist (<i>maximal voluntary contraction<\/i> \u2013 MVC), mis saavutatakse antud kehalisel tegevusel. Staatilise komponendi suurenedes kasvab verer\u00f5hu koormus s\u00fcdamele. Kardiovaskulaarse s\u00fcsteemi suhtes madalaima koormusega spordialad on t\u00e4histatud rohelisega, k\u00f5rgeima koormusega spordialad punasega. Helesinise, kollase ja oran\u017eiga t\u00e4histatud spordialad on vastavalt madala m\u00f5\u00f5duka, m\u00f5\u00f5duka ja k\u00f5rge m\u00f5\u00f5duka koormusega kardiovaskulaarsele s\u00fcsteemile.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1394\" height=\"1000\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41\" style=\"width: 700px;height: 502px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-01-15_at_08.41.32.png\" title=\"screenshot_2021-01-15_at_08.41.32.png\" alt=\"Tabel 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-01-15_at_08.41.32.png 1394w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-01-15_at_08.41.32-300x215.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-01-15_at_08.41.32-1024x735.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-01-15_at_08.41.32-768x551.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1394px) 100vw, 1394px\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t2015 avaldatud modifitseeritud spordialade klassifikatsioonis (tabel 2) on lisaks kehalise koormuse d\u00fcnaamilisele ja staatilisele komponendile \u00e4ra toodud ka suurem\u00a0kokkup\u00f5rke oht v\u00f5i suurem risk s\u00fcnkoobi korral antud spordialal.\u00a0Kokkup\u00f5rke riski peab kindlasti arvestama n\u00e4iteks isikutel, kellel on implanteeritud kardioverter v\u00f5i teostatud organi siirdamine.\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:115%\">Tabel 2. Modifitseeritud spordialade klassifikatsioon (<em>Lev<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span><em><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:115%\">ine BD, Baggish AL, Kovacs RJ et al. Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes with Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 1: Classification of Sports: Dynamic, Static, and Impact: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. Circulation. 2015 Dec 1; 132(22):e262-6.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span style=\"line-height:115%\"><span style=\"color:black\"> Modified from Mitchell et al with permission. Copyright 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:115%\">).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1348\" height=\"1144\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-40\" style=\"width: 700px;height: 594px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-01-15_at_08.33.11.png\" title=\"screenshot_2021-01-15_at_08.33.11.png\" alt=\"Tabel 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-01-15_at_08.33.11.png 1348w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-01-15_at_08.33.11-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-01-15_at_08.33.11-1024x869.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-01-15_at_08.33.11-768x652.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1348px) 100vw, 1348px\">\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">\n\t\t<sup>1 <\/sup><span><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span><span lang=\"ET\">kokkup\u00f5rke oht<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n\t\t<span><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span><sup><span lang=\"ET\">2<\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"ET\"> s\u00fcnkoobi korral suurenenud risk<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n\t\t<span><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span><span lang=\"ET\">VO<sub>2max<\/sub> \u2013 maksimaalne hapnikutarbimise v\u00f5ime<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n\t\t<span><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span><span lang=\"ET\">MCV \u2013 <i>maximal voluntary contraction <\/i>(maksimaalne tahtlik lihaskontraktsioon)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Erinevate haiguslike seisundite (sh s\u00fcdame kaasas\u00fcndinud v\u00f5i omandatud seisundid) puhul rakendatakse sportimise piiranguid vastavalt klassifikaatorile. Kasutusel olev spordialade klassifikatsioon iseloomustab spordialasid koormuse d\u00fcnaamilise ja staatilise komponendi p\u00f5hjal (vt spordialade klassifikatsioon tabelis 1). D\u00fcnaamiline (isotooniline) koormus (esiplaanil liikumine, j\u00f5ukomponent tagaplaanil) \u2013 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":243,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/243"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":204,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6\/revisions\/204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}