{"id":23,"date":"2024-04-04T06:59:26","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T03:59:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/akksurm\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T06:59:56","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T03:59:56","slug":"akksurm","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/akksurm\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c4kksurm"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">\u00c4kksurmad (\u00c4S) spordis v\u00f5ib klassifitseerida mittekardiaalseteks ja kardiaalseteks. Mittekardiaalsetest p\u00f5hjustest on k\u00f5ige sagedasemad \u00f5nnetusjuhtumid (n\u00e4iteks rindkere n\u00fcri trauma) \u2013 joonis 5. <\/span><span lang=\"ET\">\u00c4S sagedus sportlastel s\u00f5ltub vanusest, soost ja rassist.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"761\" height=\"394\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-79\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-02-25_at_12.14.44.png\" title=\"screenshot_2021-02-25_at_12.14.44.png\" alt=\"Joonis 5\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-02-25_at_12.14.44.png 761w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-02-25_at_12.14.44-300x155.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:115%\">Joonis 5. Surmade p\u00f5hjused kolled\u017ei sportlaste seas 2003 \u2013 2013 (<em>Harmon KG et al. Circulation. 2015;132:10-19<\/em>).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\"><strong>Kardiaalse \u00c4S definitsioon<\/strong>: kardiaalsetel p\u00f5hjustel \u00e4kiline teadvuse kadu ja loomulik surm, mis on tekkinud 1 tunni jooksul p\u00e4rast \u00e4gedate s\u00fcmptomite ilmnemist, s\u00fcdamehaiguse anamneesi olemasolul (v\u00f5i mitte) ning surmaaeg on ootamatu ehk mitte-eeldatud.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\"><strong>Koormusega seotud akksurmaks<\/strong> nimetatakse seletamatut tunnistaja juuresolekul koormuse ajal v\u00f5i 1h peale koormust tekkivat s\u00fcdame seiskust muidu teadaolevalt tervel inimesel.<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">Iseloomulik, et:<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">\u00c4S tekib treeningul\/v\u00f5istlusel v\u00f5i kohe p\u00e4rast pingutust<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">\u00c4S ei ole seotud traumade ega tehniliste \u00f5nnetustega sportlikul tegevusel<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">Kardiaalsete \u00c4S epidemioloogia<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">1:400 000-20 000 000 liikumistunni kohta<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">2,1-2,5 juhtu 100 000 sportlase kohta<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">0,5-2 juhtu \/100 000 (&lt;35 a)<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">2,0-100 juhtu\/100 000 (&gt;35 a)<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">4-9 x k\u00f5rgem risk meestel v\u00f5rreldes naistega<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">5 x k\u00f5rgem mustanahalistel v\u00f5rreldes valgetega<\/span> <\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">Vanuse t\u00f5ustes \u00c4S sagedus t\u00f5useb. \u00dcle 35-aastastel isikutel on 75% juhtudest seotud aterosklerootilise geneesiga s\u00fcdamehaigusega.<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">Noorematel isikutel (&lt;35 eluaasta) on \u00c4S p\u00f5hjuseks sagedamini kaasas\u00fcndinud s\u00fcdamehaigus.<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\t\u00c4S riskifaktorid (tabel 15) jaotatakse sisemisteks (antud isikuga seotud) ja v\u00e4limisteks (seotud tegevuse ja \u00fcmbritseva keskkonnaga).\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm\">\n\t<strong>Tabel 15. \u00c4kksurma riskifaktorid.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" align=\"center\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Sisemised<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>V\u00e4limised<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\ts\u00fcdame struktuursed muutused (kaasas\u00fcndinud, omandatud)\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvanus\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsugu\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tkehalise aktiivsuse intensiivsus\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tkehalise aktiivsuse kestus\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tkeskkonnatingimused (kuum-, k\u00fclm keskkond, k\u00f5rgm\u00e4estik jne)\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\travimite, dopinguainete jms tarvitamine (stimulandid, alkohol, anaboolsed steroidid jms)\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">Tuleb meeles pidada, et:<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:0cm\">\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">\u00c4S suhteline risk regulaarselt treenivatel ja v\u00f5istlevatel sportlastel on keskmiselt 2,5-4,5 korda k\u00f5rgem v\u00f5rreldes mittesportlastega.<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:0cm\">\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">Sportimisega seoses tekkiva \u00c4S meditsiiniliseks p\u00f5hjuseks on 56-85%<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00ad<\/span><span lang=\"ET\">-l juhtudest s\u00fcdamehaigused ning ca 75% \u00c4S leiab aset pingutuse ajal.<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:0cm\">\n\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\">Enamusel \u00c4S juhtudel on eelnevalt puudunud olulised kaebused v\u00f5i haiguse s\u00fcmptomid. Samas on t\u00f5detud, et eelnevaid s\u00fcmptomeid on eiratud v\u00f5i pole nendele piisavalt t\u00e4helepanu p\u00f6\u00f6ratud (ekslikult interpreteeritud).<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"725\" height=\"366\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-77\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-02-19_at_10.37.27.png\" title=\"screenshot_2021-02-19_at_10.37.27.png\" alt=\"Joonis\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-02-19_at_10.37.27.png 725w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-02-19_at_10.37.27-300x151.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong>Joonis 6. Kardiaalse akksurma p\u00f5hjused (<em>Harmon K, 2011<\/em>).<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong>Tabel 16. Kardiaalsete\u00a0akksurmade p\u00f5hjused noorsportlastel. V\u00f5rdlevalt USA ja Itaalia uuringute andmed\u00a0(<em>Corrado D et al. Eur Heart J 2005<\/em>).<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"725\" height=\"413\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-78\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-02-19_at_10.54.23.png\" title=\"screenshot_2021-02-19_at_10.54.23.png\" alt=\"Tabel\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-02-19_at_10.54.23.png 725w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/469\/screenshot_2021-02-19_at_10.54.23-300x171.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c4kksurmad (\u00c4S) spordis v\u00f5ib klassifitseerida mittekardiaalseteks ja kardiaalseteks. Mittekardiaalsetest p\u00f5hjustest on k\u00f5ige sagedasemad \u00f5nnetusjuhtumid (n\u00e4iteks rindkere n\u00fcri trauma) \u2013 joonis 5. \u00c4S sagedus sportlastel s\u00f5ltub vanusest, soost ja rassist. Joonis 5. Surmade p\u00f5hjused kolled\u017ei sportlaste seas 2003 \u2013 2013 (Harmon &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":243,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-23","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/243"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":187,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23\/revisions\/187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/spordimeditsiini-algkursus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}