{"id":229,"date":"2024-04-04T06:43:37","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T03:43:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/exercise-2-voices-victims-counter-storytelling\/"},"modified":"2024-06-21T08:54:58","modified_gmt":"2024-06-21T05:54:58","slug":"exercise-2-voices-victims-counter-storytelling","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/e-modules\/e-module2\/exercises-1\/exercise-2-voices-victims-counter-storytelling\/","title":{"rendered":"Exercise 2: Voices of the victims &#8211; counter-storytelling"},"content":{"rendered":"<nav style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400;\" class=\"has-background has-light-background-color has-regular-font-size is-responsive items-justified-left mb-1 mt-1 wp-block-navigation is-horizontal is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-navigation-is-layout-c39e78a4 wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flex\" aria-label=\"History and counter-history: Roma and historical narrative(s)\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/navigation\" data-wp-context='{\"overlayOpenedBy\":{\"click\":false,\"hover\":false,\"focus\":false},\"type\":\"overlay\",\"roleAttribute\":\"\",\"ariaLabel\":\"Menu\"}'><button aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Open menu\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-open\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.openMenuOnClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M5 5v1.5h14V5H5z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5 12.8h14v-1.5H5v1.5z\"><\/path><path d=\"M5 19h14v-1.5H5V19z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container\" id=\"modal-1\" data-wp-class--has-modal-open=\"state.isMenuOpen\" data-wp-class--is-menu-open=\"state.isMenuOpen\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.initMenu\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\" data-wp-on--focusout=\"actions.handleMenuFocusout\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-close\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-dialog\" data-wp-bind--aria-modal=\"state.ariaModal\" data-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.ariaLabel\" data-wp-bind--role=\"state.roleAttribute\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button aria-label=\"Close menu\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-close\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.closeMenuOnClick\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m13.06 12 6.47-6.47-1.06-1.06L12 10.94 5.53 4.47 4.47 5.53 10.94 12l-6.47 6.47 1.06 1.06L12 13.06l6.47 6.47 1.06-1.06L13.06 12Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-content\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.focusFirstElement\" id=\"modal-1-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400;\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__container has-background has-light-background-color has-regular-font-size is-responsive items-justified-left mb-1 mt-1 wp-block-navigation has-regular-font-size\"><li class=\"has-regular-font-size wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/e-modules\/e-module2\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">History and counter-history: Roma and historical narrative(s)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"has-regular-font-size wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/e-modules\/e-module2\/methodological-explanation-1\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Methodological explanation<\/span><\/a><\/li><li data-wp-context='{ \"submenuOpenedBy\": { \"click\": false, \"hover\": false, \"focus\": false }, \"type\": \"submenu\", \"modal\": null, \"previousFocus\": null }' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/navigation\" data-wp-on--focusout=\"actions.handleMenuFocusout\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.initMenu\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item has-regular-font-size has-child open-on-click wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><button data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isMenuOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggleMenuOnClick\" aria-label=\"Presentation of the topic submenu\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content wp-block-navigation-submenu__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Presentation of the topic<\/span><\/button><span class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M1.50002 4L6.00002 8L10.5 4\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><ul data-wp-on--focus=\"actions.openMenuOnFocus\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-container wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><li class=\"has-regular-font-size wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/e-modules\/e-module2\/presentation-topic-0\/movie-people-uncounted\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Movie: A people uncounted<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"has-regular-font-size wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/e-modules\/e-module2\/presentation-topic-0\/roma-history-and-counter-history\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Roma history and counter-history<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"has-regular-font-size wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/e-modules\/e-module2\/presentation-topic-0\/references-further-reading\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">References, further reading<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-wp-context='{ \"submenuOpenedBy\": { \"click\": false, \"hover\": false, \"focus\": false }, \"type\": \"submenu\", \"modal\": null, \"previousFocus\": null }' data-wp-interactive=\"core\/navigation\" data-wp-on--focusout=\"actions.handleMenuFocusout\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\" data-wp-watch=\"callbacks.initMenu\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item has-regular-font-size has-child open-on-click wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><button data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isMenuOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggleMenuOnClick\" aria-label=\"Exercises submenu\" class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content wp-block-navigation-submenu__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Exercises<\/span><\/button><span class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M1.50002 4L6.00002 8L10.5 4\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><ul data-wp-on--focus=\"actions.openMenuOnFocus\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-container wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><li class=\"has-regular-font-size wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/e-modules\/e-module2\/exercises-1\/exercise-2-voices-victims-counter-storytelling\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">H-Exercise 2: Voices of the victims \u2013 counter-storytelling<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"has-regular-font-size wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/e-modules\/e-module2\/exercises-1\/exercise-1-narrative-and-counter-narrative\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Exercise 1: Narrative and counter-narrative<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"has-regular-font-size wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/e-modules\/e-module2\/exercises-1\/exercise-3-forms-resistance\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Exercise 3: Forms of resistance<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"has-regular-font-size wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/e-modules\/e-module2\/exercises-1\/exercise-4-importance-remembrance\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Exercise 4: Importance of remembrance<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/nav>\n\n<h4>\n\tThe goal of this exercise<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tThis exercise is concentrates on 1) recognizing that some minority group voices have been absent from the dominant narrative of history; 2) recounting stories from Roma themselves and 3) commemorating Roma victims by hearing their own voices recalling how they have experienced the Holocaust.<br>\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\tInstruction for teachers and students<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tTeachers need to discuss the importance of counter-storytelling with students. Solorzano and Yosso defined counter-storytelling as \u201ca method of telling the stories of those people whose experiences are not often told\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\" title=\"\">[1]<\/a>. In other words, counter-storytelling is a powerful tool allowing to consider several viewpoints and challenge the dominant narrative. Students may be asked to think of any event in their life that was narrated (described) differently from various viewpoints.<br>\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\tMethods<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tAs to learning methods, this exercise primarily relies on film excerpts, which provide a gatweay into original footage and voices of Roma. It is therefore crucial to listen to the Roma voices presented in the films.\n<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-413\" style=\"width: 50px;height: 50px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n1.png\" title=\"n1.png\" alt=\"n1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n1.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><br>\n<\/h5>\n<p>\n\tPlease watch the following original footage:<br>\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>To view third-party content, please accept cookies.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Change consent<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<a data-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TQnoKXkPlBA\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TQnoKXkPlBA\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">Settela Steinbach Westerbork<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-414\" style=\"width: 50px;height: 50px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n2.png\" title=\"n2.png\" alt=\"2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n2.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n2-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><br>\n<\/h5>\n<p>\n\tPlease pause at 0 min. 06 sec. and look at the still. It was often reproduced as a photograph and became relatively well-known, symbolizing the Holocaust. Please describe this photo in a few sentences answering the following questions:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tWhat ethnic group do you think the girl belongs to?\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tHow old do you think she is?\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tHave you seen this image before or have you heared her story before?\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-417\" style=\"width: 50px;height: 50px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n3.png\" title=\"n3.png\" alt=\" \" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n3.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n3-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><br>\n<\/h5>\n<p>\n\tDescription of the film shot and Roma Holocaust commemoration:\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tThe film was shot in May 1944, and the girl depicted on the still discussed above was Anna Maria \u2018Settela\u2019 Steinbach, a Sinti<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\" title=\"\">[2]<\/a> girl from the Netherlands, who is showed glancing outside one last time before the doors are closed. Later, Settela was transported to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where she died in one of the gas chambers. Importantly, while this photo became world famous and used for numerous commemorative events and sites, it was a lesser-known fact that this girl was Dutch Sinti \u2013 an indication that little to no attention was paid to Roma and Sinti victims of the Holocaust. It was only in 1992, that Settela\u2019s identity was confirmed due to the persistent research of a Dutch journalist, Aad Wagenaar.<br>\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<h4>\n\tTo think about\u2026<br>\n<\/h4>\n<p>\n\tMichel-Rolph Trouillot, in his well-known book Silencing the Past (1995), argued that \u201cbundles of silences\u201d are created due to unequal power structures that construct and reinforce certain historical narratives. Hence, the silence is important for understanding the inherent biases in our interpretation of historical events, how certain dominant narratives are established and, in turn, silence others. Dominant narratives are usually the ones incorporated into the education curricula, including textbooks; nevertheless, spaces can be created for previously silenced stories to emerge through a process of counter storytelling.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\" title=\"\">[3]<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tRecounting stories from many perspectives is important in understanding the complexities of lived historical experience. This approach is particularly important in history education today, because it helps exposing injustices that oppressed groups suffered while puts a human face to the experiences of marginalized groups, such as the Roma. Moreover, recounting stories from the perspective of Roma (or other marginalized groups, for that matter), also promotes critical thinking and a sense of social justice. Critical thinking, in short, is an important educational goal, and it \u201coccurs when students are analyzing, evaluating, interpreting, or synthesizing information and applying creative thought to form an argument, solve a problem, or reach a conclusion\u201d.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\" title=\"\">[4]<\/a> While social justice has multiple definitions, importantly it is focused on societal fairness and equality.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tThese stories strengthen not only a new form of narrative about the Holocaust, but also collective memory that all Roma share. Two commemorative dates have been designated to that end:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tAugust 2: International Romani Holocaust Day\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tMay 16: Romani Resistance Day\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\tOn these dates, pro-Roma civil society and NGOs\u2014who played a vital role in establishing these commemorative dates\u2014often gather in public places and hold events. Acknowledgment of the Roma Holocaust through commemorative dates and events is key to \u201crecognizing the genocide they suffered and getting their story told not as an afterthought, but as a vital part of European history,\u201d according to the USC Shoah Foundation.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\" title=\"\">[5]<\/a> The public recognition of the Roma Holocaust is also a step towards replacing Roma history of oppression with history of resistance.\n<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-416\" style=\"width: 50px;height: 50px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n4.png\" title=\"n4.png\" alt=\"4\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n4.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n4-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><br>\n<\/h5>\n<p>\n\tWatch these testimonies, as the few memories that remain:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t<a data-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KkJTPkF7zvI\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KkJTPkF7zvI\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">From Romania<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<a data-url=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/human-rights-channel\/-\/roma-holocaust-survivor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/human-rights-channel\/-\/roma-holocaust-survivor\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">From Ukraine<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<a data-url=\"https:\/\/sfi.usc.edu\/content\/fate-roma\" href=\"https:\/\/sfi.usc.edu\/content\/fate-roma\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">From Poland<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\tThese videos contain rare footage with Roma Holocaust survivors, who describe the events of the past and their coping techniques during World War II, as well as their ability to overcome the past trauma in the later life. They are important in putting a human face to history and treating the Roma Holocaust as a drastic fact that affect many human lives. Moreover, they make it possible to understand another important perception of the minority whose voice is crucial in understanding the history of Roma.\n<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-415\" style=\"width: 50px;height: 50px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n5.png\" title=\"n5.png\" alt=\"5\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n5.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/463\/n5-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\"><br>\n<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\">\n\tQuestions for reflection<br>\n<\/h5>\n<p>\n\tReflection on the topics and content of this exercise may be done either:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tcollectively \u2013 discussion in class, with anyone sharing their experience and the teacher moderating \u2013 in groups\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tor individually, in writing.\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\tAt the beginning of reflection, teachers may wish to clarify a few concepts with the class:\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n\t\tNational history: every country has its own national history, some may be more sensitive to the role of minorities than others\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tConstructing a shared history for Roma\u2014a highly diverse group\u2014is significantly more difficult than for those who belong to the same nation (e.g., Hungarians, Poles, Austrians, etc). <a data-url=\"https:\/\/www.opensocietyfoundations.org\/voices\/gypsies-roma-travellers-animated-history\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opensocietyfoundations.org\/voices\/gypsies-roma-travellers-animated-history\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">Please consider this article and a short animation of Roma history<\/a>.\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n\tAnswer the questions\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\tWhat is the importance of history and memory for various nations (in terms of nation-building, cohesion, patriotism, national identity)?\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tWhy is it important that minority groups also have their own history?\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tWhy is it important that history is not only recounted from the perspective of the dominant group?\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\tCan you think of other examples of \u201cbundles of silence\u201d?\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n\t\u00a0\n<hr size=\"1\">\n<div id=\"ftn1\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size:10px\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\" title=\"\">[1]<\/a> Sol\u00f3rzano DG, Yosso TJ. Critical Race Methodology: Counter-Storytelling as an Analytical Framework for Education Research. Qualitative Inquiry. 2002;8(1):23-44. <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn2\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size:10px\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\" title=\"\">[2]<\/a> Sinti are a \u201csub-division of the European Romani population\u201d (Margalit &amp; Matras, 2007, para. 7).<\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn3\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size:10px\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\" title=\"\">[3]<\/a> James Miles (2019) Historical silences and the enduring power of counter storytelling, Curriculum Inquiry, 49:3, 253-259.<\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn4\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size:10px\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\" title=\"\">[4]<\/a> The Glossary of Educational Reform (2013). <a data-url=\"https:\/\/www.edglossary.org\/critical-thinking\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.edglossary.org\/critical-thinking\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">Critical Thinking<\/a>.\u00a0 <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn5\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size:10px\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\" title=\"\">[5]<\/a> Read the full article entitled \u201c<a data-url=\"https:\/\/sfi.usc.edu\/news\/2017\/08\/17266-history-and-significance-august-2-roma-holocaust-memorial-day \" href=\"https:\/\/sfi.usc.edu\/news\/2017\/08\/17266-history-and-significance-august-2-roma-holocaust-memorial-day%20\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">The History and Significance of August 2, Roma Holocaust Memorial Day<\/a>\u201d (2017) <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The goal of this exercise This exercise is concentrates on 1) recognizing that some minority group voices have been absent from the dominant narrative of history; 2) recounting stories from Roma themselves and 3) commemorating Roma victims by hearing their &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":240,"featured_media":0,"parent":220,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-229","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/240"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=229"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2239,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/229\/revisions\/2239"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/sensiclass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}