{"id":293,"date":"2025-09-17T08:08:28","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T05:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/runska\/?page_id=293"},"modified":"2025-10-25T19:10:35","modified_gmt":"2025-10-25T16:10:35","slug":"learn-words-and-phrases","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/runska\/learn-words-and-phrases\/","title":{"rendered":"Learn about customs"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"height:28px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following pages provide an overview of various customs: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the baptism of a child (p. 2)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>traditions related to bread baking (p. 3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:28px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Baptism of a child<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4fc3f8e1 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Explanations of some words provided by Thomas Dreijer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>bo\u0101n sele<\/strong> \u2013 s\u00e4rskilt namn eller ben\u00e4mning p\u00e5 dopkalas \u2018a special name or designation for baptism\u2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>d\u0113pt<\/strong>, <strong>kisnat<\/strong> \u2013 dopt \u2018baptism\u2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>g\u0101lfolke<\/strong> = gamla folket, f\u00f6rf\u00e4derna \u2018ancestors\u2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>e Pres\u2019ns <\/strong>\u2013 i pr\u00e4stg\u00e5rden, i pastoratet; <strong>pres\u2019n<\/strong> \u2013 pr\u00e4sten \u2018the priest\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Ristimine-1024x624.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Ristimine-1024x624.gif 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Ristimine-300x183.gif 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Ristimine-768x468.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Thomas Dreijer, 1944 (ISOF, 16758)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>See translation into Standard Swedish<\/strong> <strong>and English<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Efter\u00e5t n\u00e4r ett barn blir f\u00f6dd, d\u00e5 blir det dopt, men det \u00e4r olikt hur l\u00e5nge efter f\u00f6delsen. Emellan\u00e5t \u00e4r det n\u00e5gon vecka gammalt, men emellan\u00e5t \u00e4r det ocks\u00e5 3-4 m\u00e5nader. F\u00f6rf\u00e4dern\u00e4 de brukade nog dopa sina barn andra dagen efter f\u00f6delsen, eller h\u00f6gst en vecka efter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Barnet blev dopt emellan\u00e5t i kyrkan, emellan\u00e5t i Pastoratet (Pr\u00e4stg\u00e5rden) o emellan\u00e5t hemma. Men mest blev det dopt d\u00e5 hemma, f\u00f6r det var s\u00e5 svagt och nyssf\u00f6tt. Pr\u00e4sten han dopte alltid, men n\u00e4d ingen pr\u00e4st var (fanns) d\u00e5 dopte klockaren det.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After a child is born, it is baptized, but the timing varies. Sometimes the child is only a week old, but sometimes it may be 3\u20134 months. In earlier times, ancestors would typically baptize their children on the second day after birth, or at the latest within a week.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The child was sometimes baptized in the church, sometimes at the parsonage (the pastor\u2019s residence), and sometimes at home. But most often, the baptism took place at home, because the child was so weak and newly born. The priest always performed the baptism, but when no priest was available, the sexton carried it out.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Ristimine2-1024x662.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Ristimine2-1024x662.gif 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Ristimine2-300x194.gif 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Ristimine2-768x496.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Thomas Dreijer 1944 (ISOF, 16758)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>See translation into Standard Swedish<\/strong> <strong>and English<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00e5 s\u00f6ndagsmorgonen, d\u00e5 samla alla kvinnofaddrarna sig i barnets hem, och d\u00e5 \u00e4ro de utkl\u00e4dda i sina b\u00e4sta kl\u00e4der, som de ha. N\u00e4r allla \u00e4ro samlade, taga de barnet och b\u00f6rja (g\u00e5) \u00e5t kyrkan. En kvinna b\u00e4r barnet, hon har varit eller \u00e4r st\u00f6rsta v\u00e4n med barnets moder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e4r de komma i kyrkan, g\u00e5 alla faddrar fram i koret och d\u00e5 blir barnet dopt. N\u00e4r det \u00e4r f\u00e4rdigt d\u00f6pt, d\u00e5 lagga faddrarna faddras penningen p\u00e5 dopbordet (vart d\u00e4rsom, vattenfatet \u00e4r p\u00e5 10-20 cent (motsvarar 10-20 \u00f6re) p\u00e5 person (dessa penningar f\u00e5r p\u00e4sten). D\u00e4refter g\u00e5 tv\u00e5 kvinnor genast med barnet hem och n\u00e4r predikan (gudstj\u00e4nsten) \u00e4r avslutat, d\u00e5 g\u00e5 de andra faddrarna alla ocks\u00e5 i barnet hem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On Sunday morning, all the female godparents gather at the child\u2019s home, dressed in their finest clothes. Once everyone has arrived, they take the child and begin walking toward the church. One woman carries the child\u2014she has been or is the closest friend of the child\u2019s mother.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When they arrive at the church, all the godparents go up to the chancel, and the child is baptized. Once the baptism is complete, the godparents place the godparent\u2019s offering on the baptismal table (where the font is located), typically 10\u201320 \u00f6re per person (this money goes to the priest). Afterward, two women immediately take the child home, and when the sermon (service) is finished, the other godparents also go to the child\u2019s home.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:28px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the full text, see <a href=\"https:\/\/sok.folke.isof.se\/records\/16758_21987\/\">[Frgl. Dop och kyrktagning. Dialekttext med \u00f6vers\u00e4ttning] \u2013 Folke s\u00f6k \u2013 Institutet f\u00f6r spr\u00e5k och folkminnen<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pictures of the Ruhnu church drawn by Fredrik L\u00f6nnlund in 1946 (<a href=\"https:\/\/sok.folke.isof.se\/records\/18116_16430\/\">ISOF, 18116<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"851\" data-id=\"370\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik4-2-1024x851.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik4-2-1024x851.gif 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik4-2-300x249.gif 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik4-2-768x638.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"843\" data-id=\"364\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik2-1024x843.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik2-1024x843.gif 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik2-300x247.gif 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik2-768x632.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"843\" data-id=\"365\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik3-1024x843.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik3-1024x843.gif 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik3-300x247.gif 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik3-768x632.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"845\" data-id=\"363\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik1-1024x845.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik1-1024x845.gif 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik1-300x248.gif 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Kirik1-768x634.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:28px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bread baking<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"567\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Bread-and-how-they-were-baked.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-305\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Bread-and-how-they-were-baked.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Bread-and-how-they-were-baked-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/850\/Bread-and-how-they-were-baked-768x425.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tomas Drejer 1944 (ISOF 17019)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>See translation into Standard Swedish and English<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Br\u00f6det bli bakat varje m\u00e5nad, d\u00e5 n\u00e4r det gamla br\u00f6det (br\u00f6dbakningen) tager slut och f\u00f6r varje helg, n\u00e5got stort arbete, g\u00f6romal eller talko, d\u00e5 bakas det ocks\u00e5 alltid br\u00f6d. I en bakning \u00e4r tio till aderton limpor. Stora familier baka stora bakningar (br\u00f6d), tv\u00e5 \u00e4mbars bakningar (av tv\u00e5 \u00e4mbar vatten) och sm\u00e5 familjer baka sm\u00e5 bakningar, ett \u00e4mbars bakningar (av ett \u00e4mbar vatten) F\u00f6re g\u00f6rom\u00e5len d\u00e5 bakas det tre, fyra, eller fem \u00e4mbars bakningar.<br>Det brukas m\u00e5nga slags br\u00f6d p\u00e5 Run\u00f6 och dessa \u00e4ro: surt-br\u00f6d, s\u00f6t-surt-br\u00f6d, br\u00f6d och vetebr\u00f6d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bread was baked every month, when the old bread (the previous baking) runs out, and for every weekend, major task, chore, or communal work event, bread was also always baked. One baking yields ten to eighteen loaves. Large families bake large batches (of bread), two-bucket batches (using two buckets of water), and small families bake small batches, one-bucket batches (using one bucket of water). Before major tasks, three, four, or five-bucket batches were baked.<br>Many kinds of bread were used on Run\u00f6, and these are: sour bread, sweet-sour bread, bread, and wheat bread.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:27px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Explanations of how the main types of bread were baked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u016br-bre<\/strong> \u2013 anv\u00e4nds alltid, och det \u00e4r det br\u00f6d som \u00e4ts mest p\u00e5 Run\u00f6. F\u00f6rr bakades det alltid av os\u00e5llat, osiktat mj\u00f6l, men p\u00e5 senare tid s\u00e5llas och siktas mj\u00f6let alltid innan degen g\u00f6rs. \u2018Sour bread is always used, and it is the bread that is eaten the most on Run\u00f6. In the past, it was always baked using unsifted flour, but recently the flour is always sifted before the dough is made.\u2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u0113t-s\u016br-br\u0113<\/strong> \u2013 g\u00f6rs med ljummet vatten, annars g\u00f6rs det p\u00e5 samma s\u00e4tt som surbr\u00f6det. S\u00f6t-sur-br\u00f6det \u00e4r b\u00e5de s\u00f6tt och surt (det har en s\u00f6t och sur smak), och d\u00e4rf\u00f6r kallas det s\u00f6t-sur-br\u00f6d. Det bakas endast inf\u00f6r s\u00e4rskilda tillf\u00e4llen \u2013 br\u00f6llop, dop och begravningar. \u2018It is made with lukewarm water; otherwise, it is prepared in the same way as sour bread. Sweet-sour bread is both sweet and sour (it has a sweet and sour taste), and that is why it is called sweet-sour bread. It is baked only for special occasions \u2013 weddings, christenings, and funerals.\u2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kako-br\u0113<\/strong> \u2013 bakas av mj\u00f6lk och mj\u00f6l, men n\u00e4r det inte finns s\u00e5 mycket mj\u00f6lk, tills\u00e4tts \u00e4ven vatten tillsammans med mj\u00f6lken. Det bakas f\u00f6rst av r\u00e5gmj\u00f6l, eller av b\u00e5de vetemj\u00f6l och r\u00e5gmj\u00f6l. F\u00f6r n\u00e4r inget vete odlades p\u00e5 Run\u00f6, bakades det endast av rent r\u00e5gmj\u00f6l. \u2018Kako-br\u0113 is baked using milk and flour, but when there isn\u2019t enough milk, water is also added along with the milk. It is first baked with rye flour, or with both wheat and rye flour. Because no wheat was cultivated on Run\u00f6 in the past, it was baked only with pure rye flour.\u2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hoit-br\u0113<\/strong> \u2013 brukades f\u00f6rr inte mycket p\u00e5 Run\u00f6, och det berodde p\u00e5 att allt mj\u00f6l k\u00f6ptes (eller h\u00e4mtades) fr\u00e5n staden. Inf\u00f6r h\u00f6gtider bakades endast vetebr\u00f6d, och under annan tid s\u00e5g man inte vetebr\u00f6d alls. Det bakades p\u00e5 samma s\u00e4tt som kakobr\u00f6det, men det bakades av mj\u00f6lk och av rent mj\u00f6l \u2018Wheat bread was not commonly used on Run\u00f6 in the past, and that was because all flour was bought (or fetched) from the town. Before festive occasions, only wheat bread was baked, and at other times, wheat bread was not seen at all. It was baked in the same way as the kakobr\u00f6d, but it was made from milk and pure wheat flour\u2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Marks on the bread<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are examples of marks made on the bread. Before clicking on the plus signs, think on what types of breads these marks could have been used. First is given the word\/explanation in Runska, followed by a translation into Standard Swedish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>To view third-party content, please accept cookies.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Change consent<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>Check explanations in English<\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kako-br\u0113<\/strong>\u2018s mark<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Funeral <strong>s\u0113t-s\u016br-br\u0113<\/strong>\u2018s cross<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The other <strong>s\u0113t-s\u016br-br\u0113<\/strong>\u2018s marks <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The single cross was made in the middle of the loaf, whereas the other marks were made on the entire upper side, along the edge of the loaf.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the full text, see <a href=\"https:\/\/sok.folke.isof.se\/records\/17019_21991\/\">[Svar p\u00e5 Frgl. Br\u00f6det. Dialekttext med \u00f6vers\u00e4ttning.] \u2013 Folke s\u00f6k \u2013 Institutet f\u00f6r spr\u00e5k och folkminnen<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The following pages provide an overview of various customs:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":320,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-293","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/runska\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/runska\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/runska\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/runska\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/runska\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=293"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/runska\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":726,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/runska\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/293\/revisions\/726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/runska\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}