{"id":67,"date":"2024-04-04T08:01:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:01:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/rosak\/3-linuxi-terminal\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T08:03:56","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:03:56","slug":"3-linuxi-terminal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/rosak\/3-linuxi-terminal\/","title":{"rendered":"8. Linuxi terminal: navigatsioon"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<p>\n\t\t<strong>Selles harjutuses \u00f5pid avama Linuxi terminali ning seal kasutama j\u00e4rgmiseid k\u00e4ske: <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">ls<\/span>, <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">pwd<\/span>, <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">cd<\/span>.<\/strong><br><em>Samm-sammulise juhendi vaatamiseks klikka harjutuse vahepealkirjadele.<\/em>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d1385e53a65-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d1385e53a65-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d1385e53a65-collapse\"><strong>1. Kataloogide vahel liikumine ja failinimekirja n\u00e4gemine: ettevalmistus<\/strong><\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d1385e53a65-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d1385e53a65-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>a. <\/strong>Ava terminaliaken, kui see juba avatud ei ole. Tee failibrauseriga kindlaks, et kodukaustas oleks kaust nimega <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">catkin_ws<\/span>.<br><strong>b.<\/strong> Ava terminaliaken ja sisesta sinna j\u00e4rgmised k\u00e4sud:\n<\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-left: 40px\">cd catkin_ws\r\ngit clone https:\/\/github.com\/ut-ims-robotics\/ros_training.git ros_training\r\ncp -a ros_training\/resources\/linux_intro .\r\n<\/pre>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>Iga k\u00e4su <\/strong>(rea)<strong> l\u00f5pus tuleb alati vajutada klahvi enter.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"os-punane\">\n<h4>\n\t\tEttevaatust!<br>\n\t<\/h4>\n<p>\n\t\tNendest kolmest k\u00e4sust viimase l\u00f5pus on t\u00fchik ja siis punkt. Need kaks s\u00fcmbolit on seal v\u00e4ga olulised \u2013 see punkt ei ole lihtsalt lausel\u00f5pum\u00e4rk.\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\tMida need k\u00e4sud \u00f5igupoolest tegid? <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">cd<\/span> ja <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">cp<\/span> k\u00e4ske \u00f5pime hiljem selles peat\u00fckis. <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">git clone<\/span> k\u00e4sk t\u00f5mbas alla treeningmaterjalide kausta.\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\n\t\tKui avad kursuse materjalide veebilehe samas Ubuntu masinas, kus teed ka harjutusi, saad soovi korral kopeerida ja kleepida antud k\u00e4sud terminali (pole vaja eraldi sisse tr\u00fckkida). Brauserist kopeerimiseks saad teksti valida ja kasutada klahvikombinatsiooni <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">Ctrl+V<\/span>, kuid terminalis kleepimiseks pead tavap\u00e4rase asemel kasutama klahvikombinatsiooni <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">Ctrl+Shift+V<\/span>. (Sarnaselt tuleb terminalist kopeerimiseks kasutada kombinatsiooni <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">Ctrl+Shift+C<\/span>, aga seda meil hetkel veel tarvis ei l\u00e4he.)\n\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\tN\u00fc\u00fcd peaksid n\u00e4gema <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">catkin_ws<\/span> kaustas uut kausta nimega <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">linux_intro<\/span>. Sellega hakkamegi edaspidi tegutsema.\n\t<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/p><\/blockquote><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d1385e53a75-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d1385e53a75-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d1385e53a75-collapse\"><strong>2. Kataloogide vahel liikumine ja failinimekirja n\u00e4gemine: k\u00e4sk <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">ls<\/span><\/strong><\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d1385e53a75-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d1385e53a75-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><br>K\u00e4sk <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">ls<\/span> n\u00e4itab aktiivse kausta sisu (l\u00fchend s\u00f5nast \u201c<strong>l<\/strong>i<strong>s<\/strong>t\u201d).\n\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>a. <\/strong>Teeme kindlaks, et asume \u00f5iges kaustas. <strong>Sisesta terminali j\u00e4rgmine k\u00e4sk<\/strong> (see liigutab sind terminalis <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">linux_intro<\/span> kausta):\n<\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-left:40px\">cd ~\/catkin_ws\/linux_intro\r\n<\/pre>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>b. Sisesta terminalis <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">linux_intro<\/span> kaustas olles terminali k\u00e4sk <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">ls<\/span> (k\u00f5ik t\u00e4hed on v\u00e4iket\u00e4hed).<\/strong><br>Peaksid loodud nimekirjas n\u00e4gema eelnevalt loodud faili <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">test.txt<\/span> ja alamkataloogi <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">new<\/span>.<br>Kataloogid, nagu <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">new<\/span>, on v\u00e4rvitud siniseks.<br>Uus fail <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">sample_job<\/span> on roheline; see n\u00e4itab, et faili saab k\u00e4ivitada programmina.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\tKui sa seal faile <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">test.txt<\/span> ja alamkataloogi <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">new<\/span> ei n\u00e4e, siis v\u00f5id eelnevalt omandatud oskuste abil need sinna ise luua.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>c. Sisesta uus k\u00e4sk <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">ls *.txt<\/span>. See n\u00e4itab k\u00f5iki faile, mis l\u00f5ppevad laiendiga <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">\u201c.txt\u201d<\/span>. Hetkel on meil kataloogis vaid \u00fcks selline fail: <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">test.txt<\/span>.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>d. Sisesta terminali k\u00e4sk <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">ls -l<\/span>. (Viimane t\u00e4hem\u00e4rk on v\u00e4ike L.)<\/strong><br>Selle k\u00e4su l\u00f5ppu <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">-l<\/span> lisamine asetab iga nimekirjas v\u00e4ljatoodud faili v\u00f5i kausta eraldi reale ja n\u00e4itab iga rea kohta ka lisainfot.<br>Esimesed 10 t\u00e4hem\u00e4rki n\u00e4itavad faili liiki ja juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sulubasid.<br>Neist esimene on \u201c<span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">d<\/span>\u201d, kui tegemist on kaustaga.<br>Rea kolmas ja neljas s\u00f5na n\u00e4itavad vastavalt, mis kasutaja ja kasutajategrupp on faili omanikud.<br>Eelviimane v\u00e4li n\u00e4itab faili viimase muutmise aega.<br>Kui fail on s\u00fcmboolne link (umbes nagu Windowsi l\u00fchitee), siis on koht, kuhu l\u00fchitee viib, v\u00e4lja toodud p\u00e4rast l\u00fchitee enda nime.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>e. N\u00fc\u00fcd sisesta terminali k\u00e4sk <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">ls -a<\/span>.<\/strong><br>N\u00e4ed lisaks \u00fcht peidetud faili (selle nimi algab punktiga) ja kaht peidetud kausta, mida failibrauserist kunagi ei n\u00e4e. Nende nimed on <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">.<\/span> (\u00fcks punkt) ja <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">..<\/span> (kaks punkti). Neist esimene t\u00e4histab hetkel aktiivset kataloogi ja teine kataloogi, mille sees aktiivne kataloog asetseb (selle \u201cvanemat\u201d).\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>f. Sisesta n\u00fc\u00fcd k\u00e4sk, mis kombineerib kaks eelmist: <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">ls -al<\/span>.<\/strong><br>N\u00fc\u00fcd peaksid n\u00e4gema, et link <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">hidden_link.txt<\/span> viitab peidetud failile <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">.hidden_text_file.txt<\/span>.<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<p>\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d1385e53a82-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d1385e53a82-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d1385e53a82-collapse\"><strong>3. Kataloogide vahel liikumine ja failinimekirja n\u00e4gemine: k\u00e4sud <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">pwd<\/span> ja <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">cd<\/span><\/strong><\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d1385e53a82-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d1385e53a82-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><br>K\u00e4suga <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">pwd<\/span> saab vaadata hetkel aktiivse kataloogi nime (\u201c<strong>p<\/strong>rint <strong>w<\/strong>orking <strong>d<\/strong>irectory\u201d) ja k\u00e4suga <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">cd<\/span> liikuda kataloogide vahel (\u201c<strong>c<\/strong>hange <strong>d<\/strong>irectory\u201d).\n\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>a.<\/strong> <strong>Sisesta terminali k\u00e4sk <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">pwd<\/span>.<\/strong><br>See n\u00e4itab sulle selle kataloogi, milles t\u00f6\u00f6tad, t\u00e4ielikku asukohta failis\u00fcsteemis. Hetkel peaks see l\u00f5ppema s\u00f5nadega <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">linux_intro<\/span>.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>b. Sisesta k\u00e4sk <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">cd new<\/span>. Sellega liigud kataloogi <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">new<\/span> sisse.<\/strong><br>Pane t\u00e4hele, et k\u00e4suviip muutub: n\u00fc\u00fcd l\u00f5ppeb see s\u00f5naga <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">new<\/span>.<br>Kui n\u00fc\u00fcd sisestad k\u00e4su <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">pwd<\/span>, siis n\u00e4ed, et oled vahetanud asukohta.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>c. Sisesta terminali k\u00e4sk <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">cd ..<\/span> (k\u00e4su \u201c<span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">cd<\/span>\u201d ja kahe punkti vahel on t\u00fchik).<\/strong><br>Sellega liigud \u00fche kataloogi v\u00f5rra \u201cv\u00e4ljapoole\u201d, kataloogi, mis on hetkel aktiivse kataloogi \u201cvanem\u201d.<br>N\u00e4ed, et k\u00e4suviip n\u00e4itab, et oled n\u00fc\u00fcd j\u00e4lle kaustas <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">linux_intro<\/span>.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>d. Sisesta <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">cd \/bin<\/span> (p\u00f6\u00f6ra t\u00e4helepanu t\u00fchikute paigutusele), seej\u00e4rel <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">ls<\/span>.<\/strong><br>See kataloog sisaldab peamisi Linuxi k\u00e4suprogramme. Pane t\u00e4hele, et siin on failid nii k\u00e4skude <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">pwd<\/span> kui ka <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">ls<\/span> jaoks.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>e. Sisesta <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">cd ~<\/span> (j\u00e4llegi p\u00f6\u00f6ra t\u00e4helepanu t\u00fchikule k\u00e4su <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">cd<\/span> ja m\u00e4rgi <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">~<\/span> vahel), et naaseda kodukataloogi.<\/strong><br>Linux kasutab m\u00e4rki <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">~<\/span> l\u00fchendina kodukataloogi t\u00e4histamiseks. Seda v\u00f5ib kasutada ka osana teekondadest, nt \u201c<span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">~\/catkin_ws\/linux_intro<\/span>\u201d.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<strong>f. Liigu \u00fche v\u00f5i mitme k\u00e4suga tagasi kataloogi <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">linux_intro<\/span>, kust alustasime.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"os-kollane\">\n<p>\n\t\tKui soovid m\u00f5ne k\u00e4su jaoks teada t\u00e4ielikku nimekirja valikutest, siis tr\u00fcki terminali <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">man &lt;k\u00e4sk&gt;<\/span>, kus <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">&lt;k\u00e4sk&gt;<\/span> tuleb asendada k\u00e4suga, mille kohta soovid rohkem teada saada (nt <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">man ls<\/span>). See annab Sulle vastava k\u00e4su dokumentatsiooni. \u00dcles\/alla saab liikuda \u00fcles\/alla klahvidega ja klahvi <span style=\"font-family:Courier New,Courier,monospace\">q<\/span> vajutamine v\u00e4ljub vaatest.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d1385e53a89-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d1385e53a89-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d1385e53a89-collapse\"><strong>4. Terminali ajalugu<\/strong><\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d1385e53a89-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d1385e53a89-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><br>Terminalis on aeg-ajalt kasulik saada ligi eelnevalt sisestatud k\u00e4skudele.\n\n<p>\n\tEelmise k\u00e4su n\u00e4gemiseks vajuta \u201cnool \u00fcles\u201d klahvi<span>. N\u00e4ed, et k\u00e4suviiba j\u00e4rele ilmub viimati sisestatud k\u00e4sk. Kui vajutad n\u00fc\u00fcd klahvi \u201center\u201d, siis k\u00e4ivitatakse see k\u00e4sk uuesti.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tV\u00f5id proovida ka ajaloos kaugemale tagasi liikuda. Vajuta \u00fclemise noole klahvi mitu korda. N\u00e4ed, kuidas ekraanile ilmuvad kronoloogilises j\u00e4rjekorras eelnevalt sisestatud k\u00e4sud. Kui vajutad \u201cnool alla\u201d klahvi<span>, siis liigud tagasi rohkem hiljuti sisestatud k\u00e4skude poole.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span>Saad eelnevalt sisestatud k\u00e4ske ka enne uuesti k\u00e4ivitamist muuta, kustutades neist osa \u00e4ra, tr\u00fckkides neile midagi juurde v\u00f5i muutes k\u00e4sus m\u00f5nd osa. K\u00e4su sees liikumiseks kasuta vasakule ja paremale suunavaid nooleklahve klaviatuuril.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span><strong>Proovi veidi k\u00e4suajaloos ringi liikuda. V\u00f5id proovida ka m\u00f5ningaid sisestatud k\u00e4ske uuesti k\u00e4ivitada.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selles harjutuses \u00f5pid avama Linuxi terminali ning seal kasutama j\u00e4rgmiseid k\u00e4ske: ls, pwd, cd.Samm-sammulise juhendi vaatamiseks klikka harjutuse vahepealkirjadele. 1. Kataloogide vahel liikumine ja failinimekirja n\u00e4gemine: ettevalmistus a. Ava terminaliaken, kui see juba avatud ei ole. Tee failibrauseriga kindlaks, et &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":98,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/rosak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/rosak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/rosak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/rosak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/98"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/rosak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/rosak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":334,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/rosak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions\/334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/rosak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}