{"id":585,"date":"2024-06-19T08:20:52","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T05:20:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/measurement\/self-test-3-2\/"},"modified":"2024-06-19T08:20:52","modified_gmt":"2024-06-19T05:20:52","slug":"self-test-3-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/measurement\/self-test-3-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Self-test 3.2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"watupro_quiz\" class=\"quiz-area single-page-quiz\">\n<p id=\"submittingExam10\" style=\"display:none;text-align:center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/watupro\/img\/loading.gif\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<form action=\"\" method=\"post\" class=\"quiz-form\" id=\"quiz-10\" enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n<div class=\"watu-question \" id=\"question-1\" style=\";\"><div id=\"questionWrap-1\" class=\"   watupro-question-id-36\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"question-content\"><div><span class=\"watupro_num\">1. <\/span>Which of the following equations are for calculation of the experimental standard deviation?\u00a0(n \u2013 number of the measurements, \u00a0<em>x<\/em><sub>i\u00a0<\/sub>\u2013 measurand, <em>x\u0304<\/em> \u2013 \u00a0\u00a0arithmetic mean of the measurands) There are two correct answers.<\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"question_id[]\" id=\"qID_1\" value=\"36\" class=\"watupro-question-id\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"answerType36\" class=\"answerTypeCnt1\" value=\"checkbox\"><!-- end question-content--><\/div><div class=\"question-choices watupro-choices-columns \" id=\"questionChoices36\"><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-36[]\" id=\"answer-id-128\" class=\"answer   answerof-36 \" value=\"128\"><label for=\"answer-id-128\" id=\"answer-label-128\" class=\" answer\"><span><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"221\" height=\"85\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-167\" style=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/test1-1a.png\" title=\"test1-1a.png\" alt=\"test1-1a.png\"><\/p><\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-36[]\" id=\"answer-id-129\" class=\"answer   answerof-36 \" value=\"129\"><label for=\"answer-id-129\" id=\"answer-label-129\" class=\" answer\"><span><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"221\" height=\"85\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-168\" style=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/test1-1b.png\" title=\"test1-1b.png\" alt=\"test1-1b.png\"><\/p><\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-36[]\" id=\"answer-id-130\" class=\"answer   answerof-36 \" value=\"130\"><label for=\"answer-id-130\" id=\"answer-label-130\" class=\" answer\"><span><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"221\" height=\"85\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-169\" style=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/test1-1c.png\" title=\"test1-1c.png\" alt=\"test1-1c.png\"><\/p><\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-36[]\" id=\"answer-id-131\" class=\"answer   answerof-36 \" value=\"131\"><label for=\"answer-id-131\" id=\"answer-label-131\" class=\" answer\"><span><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"221\" height=\"85\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-170\" style=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/test1-1d.png\" title=\"test1-1d.png\" alt=\"test1-1d.png\"><\/p><\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-36[]\" id=\"answer-id-132\" class=\"answer   answerof-36 \" value=\"132\"><label for=\"answer-id-132\" id=\"answer-label-132\" class=\" answer\"><span><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"221\" height=\"85\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-171\" style=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/test1-1e.png\" title=\"test1-1e.png\" alt=\"test1-1e.png\"><\/p><\/span><\/label><\/div><!-- end question-choices--><\/div><!-- end questionWrap--><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"liveResult-1\">\t\t   \n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/watupro\/img\/loading.gif\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading...\" title=\"Loading...\">\u00a0Loading...\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t   \t<p id=\"liveResBtn-36\" style=\"clear:both;\"><input type=\"button\" id=\"liveResultBtn36\" class=\"liveResultBtn1 watupro-live-result-btn\" value=\"See Answer\" onclick=\"WatuPRO.liveResult(36, 1);\"><\/p>\n\t   <div class=\"watu-question \" id=\"question-2\" style=\";\"><div id=\"questionWrap-2\" class=\"   watupro-question-id-37\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"question-content\"><div><span class=\"watupro_num\">2. <\/span>A number of repeated measurements of the same measurand are performed and the mean value and standard deviation are calculated. Which of the following statements are true?<\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"question_id[]\" id=\"qID_2\" value=\"37\" class=\"watupro-question-id\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"answerType37\" class=\"answerTypeCnt2\" value=\"checkbox\"><!-- end question-content--><\/div><div class=\"question-choices watupro-choices-columns \" id=\"questionChoices37\"><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-37[]\" id=\"answer-id-143\" class=\"answer   answerof-37 \" value=\"143\"><label for=\"answer-id-143\" id=\"answer-label-143\" class=\" answer\"><span><p>Standard deviation can be regarded as an estimate of measurement error.\u00a0<\/p><\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-37[]\" id=\"answer-id-134\" class=\"answer   answerof-37 \" value=\"134\"><label for=\"answer-id-134\" id=\"answer-label-134\" class=\" answer\"><span><p>The mean is always somewhere between the largest and the smallest obtained value.\u00a0<\/p><\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-37[]\" id=\"answer-id-142\" class=\"answer   answerof-37 \" value=\"142\"><label for=\"answer-id-142\" id=\"answer-label-142\" class=\" answer\"><span><p>Standard deviation expresses the difference of our measurement result from the true value.\u00a0<\/p><\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-37[]\" id=\"answer-id-133\" class=\"answer   answerof-37 \" value=\"133\"><label for=\"answer-id-133\" id=\"answer-label-133\" class=\" answer\"><span><p>The mean is always exactly in the middle of the largest and the smallest obtained value.\u00a0<\/p><\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-37[]\" id=\"answer-id-138\" class=\"answer   answerof-37 \" value=\"138\"><label for=\"answer-id-138\" id=\"answer-label-138\" class=\" answer\"><span>The standard deviation can be calculated according to equation <em>X<\/em><sub>m<\/sub>=(<em>X<\/em><sub>1<\/sub>+<em>X<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>+\u2026+<em>X<\/em><sub>n<\/sub>) \/<em>n<\/em>.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-37[]\" id=\"answer-id-140\" class=\"answer   answerof-37 \" value=\"140\"><label for=\"answer-id-140\" id=\"answer-label-140\" class=\" answer\"><span><p>Standard deviation of a quantity x characterizes the spread of the values obtained from repeated measurements.\u00a0<\/p><\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-37[]\" id=\"answer-id-136\" class=\"answer   answerof-37 \" value=\"136\"><label for=\"answer-id-136\" id=\"answer-label-136\" class=\" answer\"><span>The mean can be calculated according to the equation <em>X<\/em><sub>m<\/sub>=(<em>X<\/em><sub>1<\/sub>+<em>X<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>+\u2026+<em>X<\/em><sub>n<\/sub>) \/<em>n<\/em>.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-37[]\" id=\"answer-id-137\" class=\"answer   answerof-37 \" value=\"137\"><label for=\"answer-id-137\" id=\"answer-label-137\" class=\" answer\"><span>The mean can be calculated according to the equation <em>X<\/em><sub>m <\/sub>= <em>X<\/em><sub>1<\/sub>\/<em>n<\/em> + <em>X<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>\/<em>n<\/em> +\u2026+<em>X<\/em><sub>n<\/sub>\/<em>n<\/em>.<\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-37[]\" id=\"answer-id-135\" class=\"answer   answerof-37 \" value=\"135\"><label for=\"answer-id-135\" id=\"answer-label-135\" class=\" answer\"><span><p>The mean can be calculated by summing up all results and dividing the sum with the number of obtained values.\u00a0<\/p><\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-37[]\" id=\"answer-id-139\" class=\"answer   answerof-37 \" value=\"139\"><label for=\"answer-id-139\" id=\"answer-label-139\" class=\" answer\"><span><p>According to properties of the normal distribution the mean value is the most probable value for next result when doing a large number of repetitions.\u00a0<\/p><\/span><\/label><\/div><div class=\"watupro-question-choice  \" dir=\"auto\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"answer-37[]\" id=\"answer-id-141\" class=\"answer   answerof-37 \" value=\"141\"><label for=\"answer-id-141\" id=\"answer-label-141\" class=\" answer\"><span>In the case <em>x<\/em> is normally distributed with mean <em>x<\/em><sub>m<\/sub> and standard deviation <em>s<\/em> the probability of a next measurement result of <em>x<\/em> falling into <em>x<\/em><sub>m<\/sub> \u00b1 <em>s<\/em> is roughly 95%.<\/span><\/label><\/div><!-- end question-choices--><\/div><!-- end questionWrap--><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"liveResult-2\">\t\t   \n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/watupro\/img\/loading.gif\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading...\" title=\"Loading...\">\u00a0Loading...\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t   \t<p id=\"liveResBtn-37\" style=\"clear:both;\"><input type=\"button\" id=\"liveResultBtn37\" class=\"liveResultBtn2 watupro-live-result-btn\" value=\"See Answer\" onclick=\"WatuPRO.liveResult(37, 2);\"><\/p>\n\t   <div class=\"watu-question \" id=\"question-3\" style=\";\"><div id=\"questionWrap-3\" class=\"   watupro-question-id-38\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"question-content\"><div><span class=\"watupro_num\">3. <\/span>Calculate the titration repeatability standard deviation when the titrant volumes consumed for titration of identical samples were (all in ml): 12.02; 11.96; 11.99; 12.00; 12.02.<br>\r\nPlease present your answer with three decimals after comma.<\/div><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"question_id[]\" id=\"qID_3\" value=\"38\" class=\"watupro-question-id\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"answerType38\" class=\"answerTypeCnt3\" value=\"textarea\"><!-- end question-content--><\/div><div class=\"question-choices \" id=\"questionChoices38\"><p><input type=\"text\" name=\"answer-38[]\" id=\"textarea_q_38\" class=\"watupro-text\" value=\"\" size=\"60\"><\/p><!-- end question-choices--><\/div><!-- end questionWrap--><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"liveResult-3\">\t\t   \n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/watupro\/img\/loading.gif\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading...\" title=\"Loading...\">\u00a0Loading...\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t   \t<p id=\"liveResBtn-38\" style=\"clear:both;\"><input type=\"button\" id=\"liveResultBtn38\" class=\"liveResultBtn3 watupro-live-result-btn\" value=\"See Answer\" onclick=\"WatuPRO.liveResult(38, 3);\"><\/p>\n\t   <div style=\"display:none\" id=\"question-4\">\n\t<div class=\"question-content\">\n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/watupro\/img\/loading.gif\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading...\" title=\"Loading...\">\u00a0Loading...\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<br>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"watupro_buttons flex \" id=\"watuPROButtons10\">\n\t\t  <div id=\"prev-question\" style=\"display:none;\"><input type=\"button\" value=\"&lt; Previous\" onclick=\"WatuPRO.nextQuestion(event, 'previous');\"><\/div>\t\t  \t\t  \t\t   \n\t\t   \t  \t\t<div><input type=\"button\" name=\"action\" class=\"watupro-submit-button\" onclick=\"WatuPRO.submitResult(event)\" id=\"action-button\" value=\"View Results\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"quiz_id\" value=\"10\" id=\"watuPROExamID\">\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"start_time\" id=\"startTime\" 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