{"id":49,"date":"2024-04-03T23:09:24","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T20:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/measurement\/98-step-8-finding-expanded-uncertainty\/"},"modified":"2024-04-03T23:10:14","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T20:10:14","slug":"98-step-8-finding-expanded-uncertainty","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/measurement\/98-step-8-finding-expanded-uncertainty\/","title":{"rendered":"9.8. Step 8 \u2013 Expanded uncertainty"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left\">The expanded uncertainty can be found at two different levels of sophistication. The simpler approach uses simply a preset <em>k<\/em> value (most often 2) and the actual coverage probability is not discussed. This approach is presented in the first video lecture.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center\"><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>To view third-party content, please accept cookies.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Change consent<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Finding the expanded uncertainty (simpler approach)<\/strong><br><a href=\"http:\/\/www.uttv.ee\/naita?id=17644\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.6em\">http:\/\/www.uttv.ee\/naita?id=17644<\/span><\/a><\/h4><p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KomDnLRArDs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.6em\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KomDnLRArDs<\/span><\/a><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.6em\">The second approach is more sophisticated. It is an approximation approach\u00a0 based on the assumption that the distribution function of the output quantity can be approximated by a Student distribution with the effective number of degrees of freedom found by the so-called Welch-Satterthwaite method. This enables then to use the Student coefficient corresponding to a desired level of confidence (coverage probability) as the coverage factor. This approach is explained in the second video lecture.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center\"><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>To view third-party content, please accept cookies.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Change consent<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Finding the expanded uncertainty (the Welch-Satterthwaite method)<\/strong> <br><a href=\"http:\/\/www.uttv.ee\/naita?id=17916\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.uttv.ee\/naita?id=17916<\/a><\/h4><p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CylWJjG_8ck\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CylWJjG_8ck<\/a><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"line-height: 1.6em\">The XLS file containing the combined standard uncertainty and expanded uncertainty calculation and the XLS file containing the expanded uncertainty calculation using coverage factor found using the effective number of degrees of freedom form the Welch-Satterthwaite approach can be downloaded from here:<\/span><\/p><br><div class=\"wp-block-group attached-files-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/uncertainty_of_photometric_nh4_determination_kragten_solved.xls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">uncertainty_of_photometric_nh4_determination_kragten_solved.xls<\/a><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/uncertainty_of_photometric_nh4_determination_kragten_solved_df.xls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">uncertainty_of_photometric_nh4_determination_kragten_solved_df.xls<\/a><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The expanded uncertainty can be found at two different levels of sophistication. The simpler approach uses simply a preset k value (most often 2) and the actual coverage probability is not discussed. This approach is presented in the first video &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/measurement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/measurement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/measurement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/measurement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/measurement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/measurement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":557,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/measurement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions\/557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/measurement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}