{"id":6,"date":"2024-04-04T08:57:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/22-grammatika\/"},"modified":"2026-02-13T16:38:45","modified_gmt":"2026-02-13T14:38:45","slug":"22-grammatika","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/22-grammatika\/","title":{"rendered":"2.2. Gramatik \/ Grammatika"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Isikulised ases\u00f5nad<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Liivi keele isikulistel ases\u00f5nadel eristub kolm ainsuslikku ja kolm mitmuslikku isikut. Tabelis on esitatud isikuliste ases\u00f5nade k\u00e4\u00e4ndevormid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
K\u00e4\u00e4ne<\/strong><\/td>ains 1. isik<\/strong><\/td>ains 2. isik<\/strong><\/td>ains 3. isik<\/strong><\/td>mitm 1. isik<\/strong><\/td>mitm 2. isik<\/strong><\/td>ains 1. isik<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Nominatiiv<\/strong><\/td>min\u0101, ma<\/td>sin\u0101, sa<\/td>t\u00e4m\u0101, ta<\/td>m\u0113g (meg)<\/td>t\u0113g (teg)<\/td>n\u00e4m\u0101d, ne<\/td><\/tr>
Genitiiv<\/strong><\/td>mi\u2019n<\/td>si\u2019n<\/td>t\u00e4\u2019m<\/td>m\u00e4\u2019d<\/td>t\u00e4\u2019d<\/td>n\u00e4nt<\/td><\/tr>
Daativ<\/strong><\/td>mi\u2019nn\u00f5n ~ mi\u2019n<\/td>si\u2019nn\u00f5n ~ si\u2019n<\/td>t\u00e4\u2019mm\u00f5n<\/td>m\u00e4\u2019dd\u00f5n ~ m\u00e4\u2019n<\/td>t\u00e4\u2019dd\u00f5n ~ t\u00e4\u2019n<\/td>n\u00e4nt\u00f5n<\/td><\/tr>
Partitiiv<\/strong><\/td>m\u012bnda<\/td>s\u012bnda<\/td>t\u01dfnda<\/td>m\u0113\u1e11i<\/td>t\u0113\u1e11i<\/td>n\u0113\u1e11i<\/td><\/tr>
Instrumentaal<\/strong><\/td>mi\u2019nk\u00f5ks<\/td>si\u2019nk\u00f5ks<\/td>t\u00e4\u2019mk\u00f5ks<\/td>m\u00e4\u2019dk\u00f5ks<\/td>t\u00e4\u2019dk\u00f5ks<\/td>n\u00e4ntk\u00f5ks<\/td><\/tr>
Illatiiv<\/strong><\/td>mi\u2019nn\u00f5 ~ mi\u2019nn\u00f5z<\/td>si\u2019nn\u00f5 ~ si\u2019nn\u00f5z<\/td>t\u00e4\u2019mm\u00f5 ~ t\u00e4\u2019mm\u00f5z<\/td>m\u0113\u2019\u017ei<\/td>t\u0113\u2019\u017ei<\/td>n\u0113\u2019\u017ei<\/td><\/tr>
Inessiiv<\/strong><\/td>mi\u2019ns\u00f5<\/td>si\u2019ns\u00f5<\/td>t\u00e4\u2019ms\u00f5<\/td>m\u0113\u0161i<\/td>t\u0113\u0161i<\/td>n\u0113\u0161i<\/td><\/tr>
Elatiiv<\/strong><\/td>mi\u2019nst\u00f5<\/td>si\u2019nst\u00f5<\/td>t\u00e4\u2019mst\u00f5<\/td>m\u0113\u0161ti<\/td>t\u0113\u0161ti<\/td>n\u0113\u0161ti<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Nominatiivis ja daativis on ases\u00f5nal \u00fcldiselt nii pikk kui ka l\u00fchike vorm. Nominatiivis tarvitatakse ases\u00f5na pikka vormi\u00a0ennek\u00f5ike lauser\u00f5huliseses positsioonis, kus sellel on vastandav v\u00f5i r\u00f5hutav funktsioon. L\u00fchike vorm on enamasti lauser\u00f5hutu.<\/summary>\n

<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Nominatiivi mitmuse 1. ja 2. isiku vorm on toodud sulgudes, sest neid v\u00f5iks pigem lugeda kiirk\u00f5nele omasteks vormideks.<\/summary>\n

<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Ases\u00f5na ne <\/i>puhul pole tegu n\u00e4m\u0101d<\/i> l\u00fchivormiga, vaid hoopis n\u00e4itava ases\u00f5naga (vrd eesti need<\/i>), mis on sisenenud isikuliste ases\u00f5nade paradigmasse. Alates omastavast k\u00e4\u00e4ndest langevad n\u00e4m\u0101d<\/i> ja ne <\/i>vormid t\u00e4ielikult kokku.<\/summary>\n

<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Tegus\u00f5na olevik<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Jaatavas k\u00f5neliigis<\/b> on p\u00f6\u00f6rdel\u00f5pud kasutusel k\u00f5igis isikuis, kusjuures ainsuse 1. ja 3. isik langevad kokku. Tabelis on toodud oleviku tavap\u00e4rased l\u00f5pud ning n\u00e4ited s\u00f5nade n\u01df\u2019d\u00f5<\/i> \u2019n\u00e4ha\u2019 ja r\u00f5k\u0101nd\u00f5 <\/i>\u2019r\u00e4\u00e4kida\u2019 p\u00f6\u00f6ramisest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isik<\/th>P\u00f6\u00f6rdel\u00f5pp<\/th>N\u00e4ide<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
ains 1. isik<\/td>-b -\u00f5b<\/strong><\/td>ma n\u01dfb<\/strong>, r\u00f5k\u0101nd\u00f5b<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
ains 2. isik<\/td>-d -\u00f5d<\/strong><\/td>sa n\u01dfd<\/strong>, r\u00f5k\u0101nd\u00f5d<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
ains 3. isik<\/td>-b -\u00f5b<\/strong><\/td>ta n\u01dfb<\/strong>, r\u00f5k\u0101nd\u00f5b<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
mitm 1. isik<\/td>-m\u00f5 -m -\u00f5m<\/strong><\/td>m\u0113g n\u01dfm\u00f5<\/strong>, r\u00f5k\u0101nd\u00f5m<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
mitm 2. isik<\/td>-t\u00f5 -t -\u00f5t<\/strong><\/td>t\u0113g n\u01dft\u00f5<\/strong>, r\u00f5k\u0101nd\u00f5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
mitm 3. isik<\/td>-b\u00f5d -\u00f5b\u00f5d<\/strong><\/td>ne n\u01dfb\u00f5d<\/strong>, r\u00f5k\u0101nd\u00f5b\u00f5d<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
P\u00f6\u00f6rdel\u00f5pud jaatavas k\u00f5neliigis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f6\u00f6del\u00f5pu valik <\/strong>oleneb ennek\u00f5ike t\u00fcve l\u00f5puh\u00e4\u00e4likust. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kui t\u00fcvi l\u00f5peb kaash\u00e4\u00e4likuga, lisandub \u00f5-<\/i>line variant (nt r\u00f5k\u0101nd\/\u00f5b<\/i>), t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuga l\u00f5ppeva t\u00fcve puhul ilma \u00f5<\/i>-ta variant (nt n\u01df\/b<\/i>).<\/summary>\n

<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

\n
Mitmuse 1. ja 2. isiku l\u00f5pu valik s\u00f5ltub silpide arvust: \u00fchesilbilisele vokaalt\u00fcvele liitub vastavalt -m\u00f5<\/em> ja \u2013t\u00f5<\/em>, enamasilbiliste s\u00f5nade puhul on p\u00f6\u00f6rdel\u00f5pud vastavalt -\u00f5m<\/em> ja -\u00f5t.<\/em> Erandiks on astmevahelduslikud a\/\u0101-<\/em>t\u00fcvelised tegus\u00f5nad, mil on kasutusel -m<\/em> ja -t<\/em>.<\/summary>\n

<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Eitava k\u00f5neliigi<\/b> olevikuvormid on liitvormid, mis koosnevad p\u00f6\u00f6rduvast eitustegus\u00f5nast ning p\u00f5his\u00f5nast. Ainsuse isikuis on p\u00f5his\u00f5na vormid l\u00f5puta (t\u00e4histatud m\u00e4rgiga \u00f8), mitmuses aga lisanduvad ka p\u00f6\u00f6rdel\u00f5pud.\u00a0Mitmuse 1. ja 2. isiku vormid kattuvad jaatava k\u00f5neliigi vormidega, kusjuures mitmuse 2. isiku vorm on \u00fcldistunud ka 3. isikusse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isik<\/th>Eitustegus\u00f5na<\/th>P\u00f6\u00f6rdel\u00f5pp<\/th>N\u00e4ide<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
ains 1. isik<\/td>\u00e4\u2019b<\/strong><\/td>\u00f8<\/td>ma \u00e4\u2019b<\/strong> n\u01df, r\u00f5k\u0101nd<\/td><\/tr>
ains 2. isik<\/td>\u00e4\u2019d<\/strong><\/td>\u00f8<\/td>sa \u00e4\u2019d<\/strong> n\u01df, r\u00f5k\u0101nd<\/td><\/tr>
ains 3. isik<\/td>\u00e4\u2019b<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u00f8<\/td>ta \u00e4\u2019b<\/strong> n\u01df, r\u00f5k\u0101nd<\/td><\/tr>
mitm 1. isik<\/td>\u00e4\u2019b<\/strong><\/td>-m\u00f5 -m -\u00f5m<\/strong><\/td>m\u0113g \u00e4\u2019b<\/strong> n\u01dfm\u00f5<\/strong>, r\u00f5k\u0101nd\u00f5m<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
mitm 2. isik<\/td>\u00e4t<\/strong><\/td>-t\u00f5 -t -\u00f5t<\/strong><\/td>t\u0113g \u00e4t <\/strong>n\u01dft\u00f5<\/strong>, r\u00f5k\u0101nd\u00f5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
mitm 3. isik<\/td>\u00e4\u2019b<\/strong><\/td>-t\u00f5 -t -\u00f5t<\/strong><\/td>ne \u00e4\u2019b <\/strong>n\u01dft\u00f5<\/strong>, r\u00f5k\u0101nd\u00f5t<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
P\u00f6\u00f6rdel\u00f5pud eitavas k\u00f5neliigis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vastavalt sellele, mitu silpi on s\u00f5nas, kas tegu on astmevaheldusliku s\u00f5naga v\u00f5i mitte ning kas t\u00fcvi l\u00f5peb t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4liku v\u00f5i kaash\u00e4\u00e4likuga, saab eristada nelja p\u00f6\u00f6rdkonda<\/strong>. P\u00f6\u00f6rdkonnad on esitatud j\u00e4rgmisel lehek\u00fcljel. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
P\u00f6\u00f6rdkond I<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Sellesse p\u00f6\u00f6rdkonda kuulub kolm tegus\u00f5na: v\u0231lda <\/em>\u2019olla\u2019<\/mark>, p\u0101nda <\/em>\u2019panna\u2019 <\/mark>ja t\u016blda <\/em>\u2019tulla\u2019<\/mark>. Infinitiivivorm on neil n\u00f5rgaastmeline. Erinevalt tavalistest \u0101<\/em>-t\u00fcvelistest tegus\u00f5nadest (vt III p\u00f6\u00f6rdkond), on p\u0101nda <\/mark><\/em>ja t\u016blda <\/mark><\/em>oleviku mitmusevormid ja eitusvormid tugevaastmelised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tegus\u00f5na v\u0231lda <\/mark><\/em>mitmuse 3. isiku vormid \u0101t\u00f5<\/mark><\/em>, att\u00f5<\/mark><\/em>, \u0101t <\/mark><\/em>ja at <\/mark><\/em>on algselt nn kiirk\u00f5nevormid, mis on v\u00e4lja t\u00f5rjunud vormi um\u0101t\u00f5 <\/mark><\/em>ja suurel m\u00e4\u00e4ral ka vormi um\u0101t<\/mark><\/em>.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hea teada.<\/strong> L\u00e4\u00e4neliivis on v\u0231lda<\/mark><\/em>-tegus\u00f5na ainsuse 1. isiku vormiks \u016bo <\/mark><\/em>ja keskliivis \u016bob<\/mark><\/em>. Tegus\u00f5na t\u016blda <\/mark><\/em>on nii l\u00e4\u00e4ne- kui ka keskliivis, idaliivis Vaidi k\u00fclas ja isikuti S\u012bkr\u00f5gi k\u00fclas ainsuses \u016b<\/em>-t\u00fcveline, viimasega samamoodi muutub p\u0101nda <\/mark><\/em>\u2019panna\u2019. Ka 1930. aastate liivi kirjakeele tekstides \u00fcritati juurutada vorme \u016bob<\/mark><\/em>, pan\u016bb <\/mark><\/em>ja tul\u016bb<\/mark><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f6\u00f6dkond II<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Siia kuuluvad \u00fchesilbilise vokaalt\u00fcvega tegus\u00f5nad. Infinitiivivormis t\u00e4heldatav katketoon ei pruugi olevikut\u00fcves alati esineda (vt t\u012b\u2019ed\u00f5 <\/mark><\/em>\u2019teha\u2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
P\u00f6\u00f6rdkond III<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Selle p\u00f6\u00f6rdkonna moodustavad kahesilbilised astmevahelduslikud tegus\u00f5nad. Olenevalt ainsuse olevikut\u00fcve l\u00f5puvokaalist jagunevad astmevahelduslikud verbit\u00fcved a\/\u0101<\/em>-, \u016b<\/em>\u2013 ja \u00f5<\/em>-t\u00fcvelisteks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tuleb t\u00e4hele panna, et a\/\u0101<\/em>-t\u00fcvede puhul on n\u00f5rgas astmes nii jaatava kui ka eitava k\u00f5neliigi olevikuvormid. \u016b<\/em>\u2013 ja \u00f5<\/em>-t\u00fcvelistes s\u00f5nades on k\u00f5ik jaatava k\u00f5neliigi ainsuse vormid n\u00f5rgas astmes ning k\u00f5ik mitmuse vormid tugevas astmes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f6\u00f6rdkond IV<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Siia p\u00f6\u00f6rdkonda kuuluvad astmevahelduseta konsonantt\u00fcvelised tegus\u00f5nad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Isikulised ases\u00f5nad Liivi keele isikulistel ases\u00f5nadel eristub kolm ainsuslikku ja kolm mitmuslikku isikut. Tabelis on esitatud isikuliste ases\u00f5nade k\u00e4\u00e4ndevormid. K\u00e4\u00e4ne ains 1. isik ains 2. isik ains 3. isik mitm 1. isik mitm 2. isik ains 1. isik Nominatiiv min\u0101, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":320,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2805,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6\/revisions\/2805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}