{"id":18,"date":"2024-04-04T08:57:01","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:57:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/izkillijid-taishaalikud\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T19:23:00","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T16:23:00","slug":"izkillijid-taishaalikud","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/izkillijid-taishaalikud\/","title":{"rendered":"\u012a\u2019\u017ekillijid \/ T\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likud"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Liivi keeles on 8 t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likut ehk vokaali, mis esinevad nii l\u00fchikeste kui ka pikkadena: <strong>a \u00e4 e i o \u022f \u00f5 u<\/strong>. Pikkust t\u00e4histab horisontaalkriips t\u00e4he peal. Idaliivis, millel p\u00f5hineb ka kirjakeel, eristuvad keskk\u00f5rge <strong>o\u0304<\/strong> ja madal <strong>\u01ed<\/strong> (l\u00fchikest vastet <strong>\u01ed<\/strong>-l pole). Allolevas tabelis on esitatud vokaalid vastavalt keele asendile suus: k\u00f5rged, keskk\u00f5rged ja madalad, millest osa h\u00e4\u00e4ldub suu\u00f5\u00f5ne eesosas, osa tagaosas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table alignleft has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"table table-hover\"><thead><tr><th>Keele asend suus<\/th><th>Ees<\/th><th>Taga<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>K\u00f5rge<\/td><td><strong>i<\/strong> <em>kil\u0101 <\/em>\u2019k\u00fcla\u2019<br><strong>\u012b<\/strong> <em>s\u012blma <\/em>\u2019silm\u2019<\/td><td><strong>\u00f5<\/strong> <em>s\u00f5br\u0101 <\/em>\u2019s\u00f5ber\u2019         <strong>u<\/strong> <em>suk\u0101 <\/em>\u2019sukk\u2019<br><strong>\u022d<\/strong> <em>v\u022dr\u00f5z <\/em>\u2019v\u00f5\u00f5ras\u2019       <strong>\u016b<\/strong> <em>s\u016b <\/em>\u2019suu\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Keskk\u00f5rge<\/td><td><strong>e<\/strong> <em>dek <\/em>\u2019tekk\u2019<br><strong>\u0113<\/strong> <em>t\u0113ri\u0146t\u0161<\/em> \u2019tere\u2019<\/td><td><strong>\u022f<\/strong> <em>v\u022f\u0146<\/em> \u2019\u00f5nn\u2019               <strong>o<\/strong> <em>sov\u0101<\/em> \u2019kepp; sau\u2019<br><strong>\u0231<\/strong> <em>v\u0231lda<\/em> \u2019olla\u2019             <strong>\u014d<\/strong> <em>ko\u0304v\u00f5d<\/em> \u2019kaevud\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Madal<\/td><td><strong>\u00e4<\/strong> <em>k\u00e4b\u0101 <\/em>\u2019k\u00e4bi\u2019<br><strong>\u01df<\/strong> <em>p\u01dfva <\/em>\u2019p\u00e4ev\u2019<\/td><td><strong>a<\/strong> <em>kal\u0101 <\/em>\u2019kala\u2019              <strong>\u01ed<\/strong> <em>m\u01ed <\/em>\u2019maa\u2019, <em>r\u01ednt\u00f5z<\/em> \u2019raamat\u2019<br><strong>\u0101 <\/strong><em>r\u0101nda <\/em>\u2019rand\u2019<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Kuula allolevaid vokaale P\u0113t\u00f5r Dambergi esituses:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio alignleft\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/649\/ptk_1_vokaalid.mp3\"><\/audio><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>i e \u00e4 \u00f5 \u022f u o a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Madalale <strong>\u01ed<\/strong>-le, nt s\u00f5nas <em>m\u01ed <\/em>\u2019maa\u2019, vastab kesk- ja l\u00e4\u00e4neliivis sageli <strong>a\u0304<\/strong>, nt <em>ma\u0304 <\/em>\u2019maa\u2019. K\u00f5rge <strong>o\u0304<\/strong> seevastu esineb k\u00f5igis liivi murretes ja vaheldub diftongiga <strong>ou<\/strong>, nt <em>kouv<\/em> \u2019kaev\u2019 : <em>ko\u0304v\u00f5d <\/em>\u2019kaevud\u2019, <em>t\u014dvaz <\/em>\u2019taevas; torm\u2019 : <em>touv\u00f5d <\/em>\u2019taevad; tormid\u2019. \u00d5igekiri k\u00fcll kahel <strong>o<\/strong>-h\u00e4\u00e4likul vahet ei tee, kuid s\u00f5naraamatutes ja \u00f5ppematerjalides on vastav eristus \u00fcldiselt v\u00e4lja toodud, mist\u00f5ttu on ka selles \u00f5pikus seda tava j\u00e4rgitud (nt <em>l\u014dda <\/em>\u2019laud\u2019, aga <em>t\u01edla <\/em>\u2019talv\u2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00f5ik tabelis toodud t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likud on v\u00f5imalikud esisilbis. Seevastu j\u00e4rgsilpides esinevad \u00fcldiselt vaid <strong>a i u<\/strong> ja <strong>\u00f5<\/strong>, nt <em>v\u0231lda <\/em>\u2019olla\u2019, <em>ka\u021bki<\/em> \u2019katki\u2019, <em>t\u00f5ur\u00f5z <\/em>\u2019kallis\u2019. Erandiks on v\u00f5\u00f5rs\u00f5nad, nt <em>fot\u014d <\/em>\u2019foto\u2019. Pikkadest t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likutest on j\u00e4rgsilpides v\u00f5imalikud <strong>\u0101 \u0113 \u012b<\/strong> ja <strong>\u016b<\/strong>, nt <em>sid\u0101m <\/em>\u2019s\u00fcda\u2019, <em>ku\u0157\u0113 <\/em>\u2019kurat\u2019, <em>kad\u012bz <\/em>\u2019kadus\u2019, <em>j\u00e4n\u016b <\/em>\u2019janu\u2019, kusjuures pikkust m\u00e4rgitakse siin samuti horisontaalkriipsuga t\u00e4hem\u00e4rgi peal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e4\u00e4lik <strong>\u00f5<\/strong> on olemas k\u00f5igis l\u00e4\u00e4nemeresoome l\u00f5unar\u00fchma keeltes, st p\u00f5hjaeesti, l\u00f5unaeesti, vadja ja liivi keeles. Liivi keeles tehakse vahet kahel <strong>\u00f5<\/strong>-l. H\u00e4\u00e4lik, mida m\u00e4rgitakse <strong>\u00f5<\/strong>-ga, h\u00e4\u00e4ldub veidi k\u00f5rgemalt kui eesti <strong>\u00f5<\/strong>. Seevastu <strong>\u022f<\/strong> h\u00e4\u00e4ldub m\u00f5nev\u00f5rra madalamalt kui eesti <strong>\u00f5<\/strong> ja esineb ainult s\u00f5naalguliste kaash\u00e4\u00e4likute <strong>p m<\/strong> ja <strong>v<\/strong> j\u00e4rel, nt <em>p\u022fis <\/em>\u2019poiss\u2019, <em>m\u022fiz\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019m\u00f5is\u2019, <em>v\u022fig\u00f5<\/em> \u2019ujuda\u2019, <em>v\u0231lda <\/em>\u2019olla\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Varem olid liivi omas\u00f5nades ka <strong>\u00f6<\/strong> ja <strong>\u00fc<\/strong>, millele t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval vastavad sageli <strong>e<\/strong> ja <strong>i<\/strong>. N\u00e4iteks 19. sajandi l\u00f5pu ja 20. sajandi \u00fclest\u00e4hendustest leiab s\u00f5na \u2019p\u00fcha\u2019 kujul <em>p\u00fcva<\/em>\/<em>pyva<\/em>, mis hiljem fikseerus kujul <em>piv\u0101<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mitmikt\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute kohta loe teiselt lehek\u00fcljelt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Liivi keeles on rikkalikult <strong>mitmikt\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid <\/strong>ehk <strong>pol\u00fcftonge<\/strong>. Esindatud on<br>a) kaksikt\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likud ehk diftongid, nt <em>kierd\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019ruttu\u2019, <em>k\u012berd\u00f5t<\/em> \u2019keeratud\u2019, <em>tier\u0101 <\/em>\u2019tera\u2019, <em>luini <\/em>\u2019luine\u2019, <em>t\u00e4u\u017e <\/em>\u2019t\u00e4is\u2019, <em>t\u016b\u2019ont\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019tuhat\u2019, <em>laig\u0101 <\/em>\u2019lai\u2019;<br>b) kolmikt\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likud ehk triftongid, nt <em>kieu\u017e <\/em>\u2019k\u00f6is\u2019, <em>tieud\u00f5<\/em> \u2019teada\u2019, <em>ruoik\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019kiirustada\u2019, <em>suoim\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019s\u00f5imata\u2019, <em>s\u016boim\u00f5b<\/em> \u2019s\u00f5imab\u2019, <em>kuoig\u012bd <\/em>\u2019laevad\u2019.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nagu n\u00e4idetest ilmneb, v\u00f5ivad m\u00f5lemat t\u00fc\u00fcpi mitmikt\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likud olla nii pika kui ka l\u00fchikese algusosaga, vrd nt <strong>ie <\/strong>s\u00f5nas <em>kierd\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019ruttu\u2019 ja <strong>\u012be<\/strong> s\u00f5nas <em>k\u012berd\u00f5t <\/em>\u2019keeratud\u2019, <strong>uoi <\/strong>s\u00f5nas <em>suoim\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019s\u00f5imata\u2019 ja <strong>\u016boi <\/strong>s\u00f5nas <em>s\u016boim\u00f5b <\/em>\u2019s\u00f5imab\u2019. Pikk v\u00f5ib olla ka l\u00f5puosa. N\u00e4iteks kui teises silbis on l\u00fchike t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4lik, on <strong>i<\/strong> ja <strong>u<\/strong> pikad sellistes \u00fchendites nagu <strong>ai ei ui ou \u00f5u<\/strong> jm. NB! \u00d5igekirjutuses vastavatel puhkudel pikka t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likut horisontaalkriipsuga siiski ei m\u00e4rgita, nt <em>aig\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019m\u00f5\u00f5ta\u2019, <em>t\u00f5ur\u00f5z <\/em>\u2019kallis\u2019. Kui aga teises silbis esineb pikk t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4lik, siis on esimese silbi mitmikt\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likud l\u00fchikesed, nt <em>liest\u0101d <\/em>\u2019lestad\u2019, <em>joug\u016bd <\/em>\u2019j\u00f5ed\u2019. H\u00e4\u00e4ldamisel v\u00f5ivad kaksikt\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid moodustada ka vokaalistunud <strong>j<\/strong> ja <strong>v<\/strong>, mis h\u00e4\u00e4lduvad sellistel juhtudel <strong>i <\/strong>ja <strong>u<\/strong> sarnaselt, nt <em>k\u01edj <\/em>\u2019lusikas\u2019, <em>s\u00e4\u2019v <\/em>\u2019savi\u2019, <em>pi\u2019v\u1e11i <\/em>\u2019p\u00fchi\u2019.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Liivi keeles on 8 t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likut ehk vokaali, mis esinevad nii l\u00fchikeste kui ka pikkadena: a \u00e4 e i o \u022f \u00f5 u. Pikkust t\u00e4histab horisontaalkriips t\u00e4he peal. Idaliivis, millel p\u00f5hineb ka kirjakeel, eristuvad keskk\u00f5rge o\u0304 ja madal \u01ed (l\u00fchikest vastet &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":320,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":868,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18\/revisions\/868"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}