{"id":12,"date":"2024-04-04T08:57:01","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:57:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/32-grammatika\/"},"modified":"2024-10-27T10:25:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-27T08:25:39","slug":"32-grammatika","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/32-grammatika\/","title":{"rendered":"3.2. Gramatik \/ Grammatika"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Siinses grammatikaosas antakse \u00fclevaade liivi keele k\u00e4\u00e4ndes\u00fcsteemist. Lehek\u00fcljel 1 on toodud produktiivsed, lehek\u00fcljel 2 ebaproduktiivsed k\u00e4\u00e4nded ja lehek\u00fcljel 3 nominatiivi ja genitiivi vormid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Produktiivsed k\u00e4\u00e4nded<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Liivi keeles muutuvad nimis\u00f5nad, omaduss\u00f5nad, arvs\u00f5nad ja ases\u00f5nad nii k\u00e4\u00e4ndes kui ka arvus. Produktiivseid k\u00e4\u00e4ndeid on kaheksa (vt allpool olevaid tabeleid). Nende hulgas on\u00a0n\u00e4iteks\u00a0<strong>daativ<\/strong>, millega on tavaks v\u00e4ljendada saajat ja omajat (eesti keeles on selleks kasutusel v\u00e4liskohak\u00e4\u00e4nded), nt<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em><strong>Mi\u2019nn\u00f5n<\/strong> v\u022f\u2019\u013c i\u2019bbi <\/em>\u2019Minul oli hobune\u2019. <\/mark>\u00dchtlasi v\u00e4ljendatakse daativiga\u00a0kogejat, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em><strong>T\u00e4\u2019mm\u00f5n<\/strong> u\u2019m ki\u0304lma<\/em> \u2019Tal on k\u00fclm\u2019.<\/mark> <strong>Instrumentaal <\/strong>t\u00e4idab liivi keeles enam-v\u00e4hem neid funktsioone, mille jaoks eesti keeles on kasutusel saav ja kaasa\u00fctlev, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>Pi\u2019\u0146 n\u016boliz <strong>k\u012belk\u00f5ks <\/strong>i\u013c s\u016b<\/em> \u2019Koer lakkus keelega \u00fcle suu\u2019,\u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>ei <strong>van\u0101ks<\/strong> <\/em>\u2018j\u00e4i vanaks\u2019<\/span>.<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dcldiselt s\u00f5ltub k\u00e4\u00e4ndel\u00f5pu valik leksikaalse t\u00fcve ehitusest v\u00f5i t\u00fcve ja k\u00e4\u00e4ndel\u00f5pu piiril aset leidvatest muutustest. K\u00e4\u00e4ndel\u00f5pu valikul rakenduvaid peamisi reegleid on kirjeldatud allj\u00e4rgnevate peat\u00fckkide juures. Nagu allolevatest tabelitest n\u00e4htub, on s\u00f5nal <em><strong>kis <\/strong><\/em>nii ainsuslikud kui ka mitmuslikud vormid, samas kui <em><strong>mis<\/strong> <\/em>esineb vaid ainsuses. Kuigi <em>kis <\/em>viitab pigem elusale ning mis elutule, on m\u00e4rgata ka \u00fcldistumist (ilmselt l\u00e4ti keele m\u00f5jul, kus on \u00fcks \u00fcldine k\u00fcsiv-siduv ases\u00f5na <em>kas <\/em>\u2019kes, mis\u2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Allj\u00e4rgnevates tabelites on toodud <strong>k\u00e4\u00e4ndel\u00f5pud ainsuses ja mitmuses <\/strong>s\u00f5nade <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>kal\u0101\u00a0<\/em>\u2019kala\u2019, <em>nai <\/em>\u2019naine\u2019, <em>p\u016b <\/em>\u2019puu\u2019 ja <em>ke\u2019\u017e <\/em>\u2019k\u00e4si\u2019 <\/mark>n\u00e4itel. N\u00f5rgaastmelised vormid on t\u00e4histatud <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">rohelise<\/mark><\/strong>, tugevaastmelised vormid <strong>musta <\/strong>kirjaga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table alignleft is-style-regular has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"table table-hover\"><thead><tr><th>K\u00e4\u00e4ne<\/th><th>K\u00fcsis\u00f5na<\/th><th>K\u00e4\u00e4ndel\u00f5pp<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Nominatiiv<\/strong><\/td><td>Kis?<br>Mis?<\/td><td><\/td><td><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">kal\u0101<br> p\u016b<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>nai<br>ke\u2019\u017e<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Genitiiv<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012ben? ~ K\u012bnga?<br>Mis?<\/td><td><\/td><td><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">kal\u0101<br> p\u016b<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>naiz<br>k\u00e4\u2019d<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Daativ<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012ben? ~ K\u012bngan?<br>Miss\u00f5n?<\/td><td>-\u00f5n -n<\/td><td><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\"><strong>kal\u0101|n <br> p\u016b|n<\/strong><\/mark><\/td><td><strong>naiz<\/strong>|<strong>\u00f5n<br>k\u00e4\u2019dd<\/strong>|<strong>\u00f5n<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Partitiiv<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012benta? ~ K\u012benda?<br>Mid\u0101? ~ Mis?<\/td><td>-t\u0101 -d\u0101 -\u0163a ta -da<br>-t\u00f5 -d\u00f5 -t -\u00f5 -i<\/td><td> <strong>ka\u2019ll<\/strong>|<strong>\u00f5<\/strong> <br><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">p\u016b|d\u00f5<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><td><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\"><strong>n\u0101iz|ta<br> k\u00e4|t\u0101<\/strong><\/mark><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Instrumentaal<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012benk\u00f5ks? ~ Kingaks?<br>Miss\u00f5ks?<\/td><td>-k\u00f5ks -\u00f5ks -ks<\/td><td><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">kal\u0101|ks <br> p\u016b|k\u00f5ks<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>naiz<\/strong>|<strong>\u00f5ks<br>k\u00e4\u2019d<\/strong>|<strong>k\u00f5ks<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Illatiiv<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012ben\u00f5?<br>Miss\u00f5?<\/td><td>-z\u00f5 -\u00f5 -\u00f5z<\/td><td> <strong>ka\u2019ll<\/strong>|<strong>\u00f5<\/strong> <br><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">p\u016b\u2019|z\u00f5<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>naiz<\/strong>|<strong>\u00f5<br>k\u00e4\u2019dd<\/strong>|<strong>\u00f5<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Inessiiv<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012bens\u00f5?<br>Miss\u00f5s?<\/td><td>-\u00f5s -s -s\u00f5 -\u0161\u00f5 -\u0161<\/td><td><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">kal\u0101|s <br> p\u016b|s\u00f5<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>naiz<\/strong>|<strong>\u00f5s ~ nai<\/strong>|<strong>s\u00f5<br>k\u00e4\u2019d<\/strong>|<strong>s\u00f5<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Elatiiv<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012benst\u00f5?<br>Miss\u00f5st?<\/td><td>-\u00f5st -st -st\u00f5 -\u0161t<br>-\u0161t\u00f5<\/td><td><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">kal\u0101|st <br> p\u016b|st\u00f5<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>naiz<\/strong>|<strong>\u00f5st ~ nai<\/strong>|<strong>st\u00f5<br>k\u00e4\u2019d<\/strong>|<strong>st\u00f5<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">K\u00e4\u00e4ndel\u00f5pud ainsuses<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:19px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table alignleft is-style-regular has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"table table-hover\"><thead><tr><th>K\u00e4\u00e4ne<\/th><th>K\u00fcsis\u00f5na<\/th><th>K\u00e4\u00e4ndel\u00f5pp<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Nominatiiv<\/strong><\/td><td>Kis? ~ K\u012bend?<br>Mis?<\/td><td>-t -\u00f5d -d<\/td><td><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\"><strong>kal\u0101|d<br> p\u016b|d<\/strong><\/mark><\/td><td> <strong>naiz<\/strong>|<strong>t<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">k\u00e4d\u016b|d<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Genitiiv<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012bend?<br>Mis?<\/td><td>-t -\u00f5d -d<\/td><td><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">kal\u0101|d<br> p\u016b|d<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><td> <b>naiz<\/b>|<b>t<br><\/b><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">k\u00e4d\u016b|d<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Daativ<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012bend\u00f5n?<br>Miss\u00f5n?<\/td><td>-dd\u00f5n -d\u00f5n -t\u00f5n<\/td><td><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">kal\u0101|d\u00f5n <br> p\u016b|d\u00f5n<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><td> <strong>naiz<\/strong>|<strong>t<\/strong><b>\u00f5n<br><\/b><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">k\u00e4d\u016b|d\u00f5n<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Partitiiv<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012bendi?<br>Mid\u0101? ~ Mis?<\/td><td>-\u0163i -\u1e11i -ti -di -i<\/td><td> <strong>ka\u2019\u013c<\/strong>|<strong>\u1e11i<\/strong><br><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">p\u016b|\u1e11i<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>nai\u017e<\/strong>|<strong>i<br>ke\u2019\u017e\u017e<\/strong>|<strong>i<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Instrumentaal<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012bend\u00f5ks?<br>Miss\u00f5ks?<\/td><td>-dk\u00f5ks -tk\u00f5ks -d\u00f5ks -t\u00f5ks<\/td><td><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">kal\u0101|d\u00f5ks <br> p\u016b|dk\u00f5ks<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><td> <strong>naiz<\/strong>|<strong>tk<\/strong><b>\u00f5ks<br><\/b><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">k\u00e4d\u016b|d\u00f5ks<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Illatiiv<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012beni\u017e?<br>Miss\u00f5?<\/td><td>-\u017ei -\u012b\u017e -i\u017e -\u017e -\u012bz -iz<\/td><td> <strong>ka\u2019\u013c<\/strong>|<strong>\u017ei <\/strong><br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\"><strong>p\u016b\u2019|\u017ei<\/strong><\/mark><\/td><td> <strong>nai\u017e<\/strong>|<strong>iz<\/strong><br><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">ke\u017e|\u012bz<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Inessiiv<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012ben\u0161i?<br>Miss\u00f5s?<\/td><td>-\u0161i -\u012bs -is<\/td><td> <strong>ka\u2019\u013c<\/strong>|<strong>\u0161i <\/strong><br><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">p\u016b|\u0161i<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><td> <strong>nai\u017e<\/strong>|<strong>is<\/strong><br><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">ke\u017e|\u012bs<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Elatiiv<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u012ben\u0161ti?<br>Miss\u00f5st?<\/td><td>-\u0161ti -\u012bst -ist<\/td><td> <strong>ka\u2019\u013c<\/strong>|<strong>\u0161ti<\/strong><br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\"><strong>p\u016b|\u0161ti<\/strong><\/mark><\/td><td> <strong>nai\u017e<\/strong>|<strong>ist<\/strong><br><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-green-color\">ke\u017e|\u012bst<\/mark><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">K\u00e4\u00e4ndel\u00f5pud mitmuses<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:22px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c4\u2019bprodukt\u012bvizt n\u00f5tk\u016bd form\u00f5d \/ Ebaproduktiivsed k\u00e4\u00e4ndevormid<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Illatiiv, inessiiv ja elatiiv<\/strong> on seostatavad eesti keele vastavate sisekohak\u00e4\u00e4netega (<em>s<\/em>-k\u00e4\u00e4nded). Siiski ei kattu nende kasutus t\u00e4ielikult. Kohati on need kasutusel ka juhtudel, kus eesti keeles on tavap\u00e4rane v\u00e4liskohak\u00e4\u00e4nde kasutus, nt <span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>K\u00f5rd ik\u0161 van\u0101 kuo\u2019ig van\u0101d p\u012beldk\u00f5ks pu\u0157t\u00f5n <strong>mie\u2019rs\u00f5<\/strong><\/em><\/span>. \u2018Kord \u00fcks vana laev vanade purjedega purjetanud merel (*meres)\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka liivi keeles on\u00a0nn <strong>v\u00e4liskohak\u00e4\u00e4nete sari <\/strong>(<em>l<\/em>-k\u00e4\u00e4nded)\u00a0olemas, kuid need pole produktiivsed, vaid on k\u00e4ibel \u00fcksikutest nimis\u00f5nadest. <span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">nt <i>p\u022drand\u00f5l <\/i>\u2019p\u00f5randal, p\u00f5randale\u2019<\/span>.\u00a0Pigem on neist vaid j\u00e4lgi teatud m\u00e4\u00e4rs\u00f5nades, nagu\u00a0<i><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">s\u012bel \u0101igal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"> \u2019sel ajal\u2019, <i>a\u02bcbb\u00f5l<\/i> \u2019appi, abis\u2019.<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Instruktiiv <\/strong>(-\u012b\u0146 -i\u0146) v\u00f5ib v\u00e4ljendada tegevuse toimumise viisi, nt <em>ja\u0304lgin\u0327 <\/em>\u2019jala\u2019, kuigi enamasti v\u00e4ljendab see m\u00f5\u00f5te ja muid \u00fchikuid, mille haaval v\u00f5i kaupa midagi esineb, liigub v\u00f5i m\u00f5\u00f5detakse, nagu <em>suma\u0304rin\u0327 <\/em>\u2019raasukese haaval\u2019, <em>stu\u0304ndin\u0327 <\/em>\u2019tundide kaupa\u2019, <em>sad\u012b\u0146 <\/em>\u2019sajakaupa\u2019 jne. Tunnus liitub mitmuslikule vormile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leidub ka leksikaliseerunud <strong>essiivivorme <\/strong>(-n) v\u00f5i essiivse p\u00f5his\u00f5naga fraase, eriti ajam\u00e4\u00e4rusi, nt <em>\u022d\u2019d\u00f5n <\/em>\u2019\u00f5htul\u2019, <em>tu\u2019lbiz \u0101igast\u00f5n<\/em> \u2019tuleval aastal\u2019, harva ka koham\u00e4\u00e4rusi, nt <em>ku\u2019onn\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019kodus\u2019, ja seisundim\u00e4\u00e4rusi, nt <em>op\u0101tijiz\u00f5n <\/em>\u2019\u00f5petajana\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:19px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nominat\u012bv ja genit\u012bv form\u00f5d \/ Nominatiivi ja genitiivi vormid<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsuse nominatiiv ja genitiiv on \u00fcldiselt l\u00f5puta ning enamasti on need \u00fchesugused, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>s\u00f5br\u0101 <\/em>: <em>s\u00f5br\u0101 <\/em>\u2019s\u00f5ber : s\u00f5bra\u2019<\/mark>. Osal s\u00f5nadest on nominatiivi ja genitiivi vormid siiski erinevad. J\u00e4rgnevalt on toodud v\u00e4lja t\u00fc\u00fcpilised juhud, mil see nii on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nominatiivis i-l\u00f5pulistel kahe- ja enamasilbilistel s\u00f5nadel (ennek\u00f5ike omaduss\u00f5nad, tegija- ja teonimed), kahel \u00fchesilbilisel s\u00f5nal (<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>tuoi <\/em>\u2019teine\u2019<\/mark> ja <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>nai <\/em>\u2019naine\u2019<\/mark>) <strong>lisandub genitiivis z<\/strong>, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>e\u2019\u017emi <\/em>: <em>e\u2019\u017emiz <\/em>\u2019esimene : esimese\u2019<\/mark>, <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>j\u016bok\u0161iji <\/em>: <em>j\u016bok\u0161ijiz <\/em>\u2019jooksja : jooksja\u2019<\/mark>, <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>nai <\/em>: <em>naiz <\/em>\u2019naine : naise\u2019<\/mark>. S\u00f5nat\u00fcvi v\u00f5ib sealjuures muutuda, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>si\u2019\u0146\u0146i<\/em> : <em>si\u0146\u012bz <\/em>\u2019sinine : sinise\u2019<\/mark> (vt t\u00fcvevahelduste kohta osast 1.3). Ka t\u00e4henduseta isikunimede puhul, mis l\u00f5pevad t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuga, v\u00f5ib lisanduda z, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>Oto <\/em>: <em>Otoz<\/em><\/mark>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kui s\u00f5na l\u00f5peb nominatiivis z-iga, siis <strong>genitiivis z kaob<\/strong>, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>ro\u2019vz <\/em>: <em>ro\u2019v <\/em>\u2019rahvas : rahva\u2019, <em>m\u012bez<\/em> : <em>m\u012b\u2019e <\/em>\u2019mees : mehe\u2019, <em>t\u00f5ur\u00f5z <\/em>: <em>t\u00f5ur\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019kallis : kalli\u2019<\/mark>. Taas kord v\u00f5ivad s\u00f5nat\u00fcves aset leida muutused, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>rik\u0101z <\/em>: <em>rikk\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019rikas : rikka\u2019<\/mark>. Siinsesse t\u00fc\u00fcpi kuuluvad ka j\u00e4rgarvud alates kolmandast, milles z vaheldub nd-ga, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>kuolm\u00f5z<\/em> : <em>kuolm\u00f5nd <\/em>\u2019kolmas : kolmanda\u2019<\/mark>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hulk \u00fchesilbilisi s\u00f5nu, mis nominatiivis l\u00f5pevad kaash\u00e4\u00e4likuga \u1e11 \u0146 \u0157 \u013c, on <strong>genitiivis peenenduseta<\/strong>, <em>nt<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">tu\u2019\u013c <\/mark><\/em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">: <em>tu\u2019l <\/em>\u2019tuli : tule\u2019, <em>s\u0113\u0146 <\/em>: <em>s\u012ben <\/em>\u2019seen : seene\u2019<\/mark>. Siia alla kuuluvad ka juhud, kus \u1e11 \u0146 \u0157 \u013c esineb konsonant\u00fchendis, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>nu\u0157m <\/em>: <em>nurm <\/em>\u2019nurm : nurme\u2019<\/mark>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nominatiivis \u0161-l\u00f5pulistel konsonant\u00fchendiga l\u00f5ppevatel s\u00f5nadel on erinev genitiivi vorm, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>l\u00e4p\u0161 <\/em>: <em>laps <\/em>\u2019laps : lapse\u2019, <em>ik\u0161 <\/em>: <em>\u012b\u2019d <\/em>\u2019\u00fcks : \u00fche\u2019<\/mark>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nominatiivis \u00fchesilbilised \u017e-ga l\u00f5ppevad s\u00f5nad saavad m\u00f5nikord genitiivi vormis d, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>ve\u2019\u017e <\/em>: <em>vie\u2019d <\/em>\u2019vesi : vee\u2019, <em>ke\u2019\u017e <\/em>: <em>k\u00e4\u2019d <\/em>\u2019k\u00e4si : k\u00e4e\u2019<\/mark>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mitmuse nominatiivis<\/strong> on kolm v\u00f5imalikku tunnust: <strong><em>-t<\/em><\/strong>, <strong><em>-d<\/em><\/strong> ja <strong><em>-\u00f5d<\/em><\/strong>. Need liituvad genitiivit\u00fcvele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tunnus <em>-t<\/em><\/strong> esineb z ja ks j\u00e4rel, nt nai (nom) : naiz (gen) : naizt (pl nom) \u2019naine : naise : naised\u2019, vast\u016bks : vast\u016bkst \u2019vastus, vastuse : vastused\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tunnus <em>-d<\/em><\/strong> esineb j\u00e4rgmistel juhtudel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a) t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4liku j\u00e4rel, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>p\u016b <\/em>: <em>p\u016bd <\/em>\u2019puu : puud\u2019, <em>pi\u2019\u0146 <\/em>: <em>pi\u0146\u012bd <\/em>\u2019koer, koera : koerad\u2019<\/mark>;<br>b) p\u00fcsitooniga silbi pikale t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likule j\u00e4rgneva l r ja j j\u00e4rel, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>s\u016br <\/em>: <em>s\u016brd <\/em>\u2019suur, suure : suured\u2019<\/mark>;<br>c) r\u00f5hutu silbi pikale t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likule j\u00e4rgneva l r ja j j\u00e4rel, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>m\u00e4t\u0101l <\/em>: <em>m\u00e4t\u0101ld <\/em>\u2019m\u00e4tas, m\u00e4tta : m\u00e4ttad\u2019, <em>sal\u0101j <\/em>: <em>sal\u0101jd <\/em>\u2019varas, varga : vargad\u2019<\/mark>;<br>d) katketooniga silbi t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likule j\u00e4rgneva j ja v j\u00e4rel, nt<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"> <em>ra\u2019j <\/em>: <em>ra\u2019jd <\/em>\u2019tool, tooli : toolid\u2019, <em>n\u00f5\u2019v <\/em>: <em>n\u00f5\u2019vd <\/em>\u2019n\u00f5uanne, n\u00f5uande : n\u00f5uanded\u2019<\/mark>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tunnus <em>-\u00f5d<\/em><\/strong> esineb kaash\u00e4\u00e4likuga l\u00f5ppeva t\u00fcve j\u00e4rel, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>loul <\/em>: <em>l\u014dl\u00f5d <\/em>\u2019laul, laulu : laulud\u2019, <em>v\u022didag <\/em>: <em>v\u022didag\u00f5d <\/em>\u2019v\u00f5i : v\u00f5id\u2019<\/mark>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mitmuse genitiiv<\/strong> erineb mitmuse nominatiivist vaid isikulistel ja n\u00e4itavatel ases\u00f5nadel, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>ne <\/em>: <em>n\u00e4nt <\/em>\u2019need : nende\u2019<\/mark> (vrd s\u00f5br\u0101d \u2019s\u00f5brad, s\u00f5prade\u2019).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Siinses grammatikaosas antakse \u00fclevaade liivi keele k\u00e4\u00e4ndes\u00fcsteemist. Lehek\u00fcljel 1 on toodud produktiivsed, lehek\u00fcljel 2 ebaproduktiivsed k\u00e4\u00e4nded ja lehek\u00fcljel 3 nominatiivi ja genitiivi vormid. Produktiivsed k\u00e4\u00e4nded Liivi keeles muutuvad nimis\u00f5nad, omaduss\u00f5nad, arvs\u00f5nad ja ases\u00f5nad nii k\u00e4\u00e4ndes kui ka arvus. Produktiivseid &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":320,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":959,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions\/959"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}