{"id":10,"date":"2024-04-04T08:57:01","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T05:57:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/42-grammatika\/"},"modified":"2024-12-25T17:00:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-25T15:00:48","slug":"42-grammatika","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/42-grammatika\/","title":{"rendered":"4.2. Gramatik \/ Grammatika"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Siinne grammatikaosa jaguneb nelja lehek\u00fclje vahel. K\u00f5igepealt saab \u00fclevaate daativist (lk 1), seej\u00e4rel partitiivist (lk 2), kohak\u00e4\u00e4netest, koham\u00e4\u00e4rs\u00f5nadest ja tagas\u00f5nadest (lk 3) ning viimaks omaduss\u00f5nade v\u00f5rdlemisest (lk 4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Daativ<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Daativiga v\u00e4ljendatakse liivi keeles <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>saajat<\/strong>, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">\u0100nda k\u0113ra<strong> tid\u0101r\u00f5n<\/strong><\/mark><\/em> \u2019Anna kiri t\u00fctrele\u2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>omajat<\/strong>, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><strong>Mi\u2019nn\u00f5n<\/strong> v\u022f\u2019\u013c r\u01ednt\u00f5z<\/mark><\/em> \u2019Minul oli raamat\u2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>kogejat<\/strong>, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><strong>N\u00e4nt\u00f5n<\/strong> u\u2019m k\u012blma<\/mark><\/em> \u2019Neil on k\u00fclm\u2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vahel harva ka <strong>ilmaj\u00e4\u00e4jat<\/strong><em>,<\/em> nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">V\u022f\u2019\u013c ne\u2019i ku alz mingi t\u01ed\u2019ks n\u00e4nt <strong>t\u00e4\u2019mm\u00f5n <\/strong>jar\u0101 v\u00f5tt\u00f5<\/mark><\/em> \u2019Oli nii, justkui tahaks keegi need temalt \u00e4ra v\u00f5tta\u2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Daativ on kasutusel ka <strong>osa-terviku suhte<\/strong> m\u00e4rkimiseks, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><strong>R\u01ednt\u00f5n<\/strong> \u0101t\u00f5 pu\u2019nnizt k\u01ednd\u00f5d<\/mark><\/em> \u2019Raamatul on punased kaaned\u2019, ning <strong>kuuluvuse<\/strong> v\u00e4ljendamiseks, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">Se m\u01ed u\u2019m <strong>m\u00e4\u2019dd\u00f5n<\/strong><\/mark><\/em> \u2019See maa on meie (oma)\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Samuti esineb daativ kohustust m\u00e4rkivas <strong>modaalkonstruktsioonis<\/strong>, vormistades seda, kellel kohustus lasub, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><strong>Lapst\u00f5n<\/strong> u\u2019m opp\u00f5m\u00f5st<\/mark><\/em> \u2019Lastel tuleb \u00f5ppida\u2019.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daativi tunnus on ainsuses<em> <strong>-n<\/strong><\/em> v\u00f5i <strong><em>-\u00f5n<\/em><\/strong>, mille valik s\u00f5ltub t\u00fcve l\u00f5puh\u00e4\u00e4likust, nt <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>tid\u0101r : tid\u0101r\u00f5n<\/em><\/mark> \u2019t\u00fctar, t\u00fctre : t\u00fctrel, t\u00fctrele\u2019, <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">s\u00f5br\u0101 : s\u00f5br\u0101n<\/mark><\/em> \u2019s\u00f5ber, s\u00f5bra : s\u00f5bral, s\u00f5brale\u2019. \u00dcldjuhul ongi genitiiv daativi alusvormiks. Mitmuse daativi moodustamisel liitub daativi tunnus mitmuse genitiivi vormile, mis enamasti kattub mitmuse nominatiivi vormiga, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">suod\u0101d : suod\u0101d\u00f5n<\/mark><\/em> \u2019s\u00f5jad, s\u00f5dade : s\u00f5dadel, s\u00f5dadele\u2019, <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>lapst : lapst\u00f5n<\/em><\/mark> \u2019lapsed, laste : lastel, lastele\u2019, <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">pu\u2019nnizt : pu\u2019nnizt\u00f5n<\/mark><\/em> \u2019punased, punaste : punastel, punastele\u2019. <em><strong>-dd\u00f5n<\/strong><\/em> on mitmuse tunnuseks isikulistel ases\u00f5nadel<em> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">m\u0113g : m\u00e4\u2019dd\u00f5n<\/mark><\/em> \u2019meie : meil, meile\u2019 ja <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>t\u0113g : t\u00e4\u2019dd\u00f5n<\/em><\/mark> \u2019teie : teil, teile\u2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuleb t\u00e4hele panna, et daativi vormis p\u00f5his\u00f5na korral on t\u00e4iend genitiivi k\u00e4\u00e4ndes, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">pi\u0161k\u012bz pi\u2019nn\u00f5n<\/mark><\/em> \u2019v\u00e4iksel(e) koeral(e)\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hea teada.<\/strong> Ases\u00f5na 1. ja 2. isiku vormidel on pikkade vormide k\u00f5rval ka <strong>lauser\u00f5hutud l\u00fchivormid<\/strong>, mis on kujult samased genitiivivormidega, vrd <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">mi\u2019nn\u00f5n ~ mi\u2019n<\/mark><\/em>, <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">si\u2019nn\u00f5n ~ si\u2019n<\/mark><\/em>, <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">m\u00e4\u2019dd\u00f5n ~ m\u00e4\u2019n<\/mark><\/em>,<em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"> t\u00e4\u2019dd\u00f5n ~ t\u00e4\u2019n<\/mark><\/em>. L\u00fchivorme kohtab siiski oluliselt harvem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Partitiiv<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Partitiiv on \u00fcldine objektik\u00e4\u00e4ne. Teatud tagas\u00f5nad on ootusp\u00e4rased vaid partitiiviga, nt <em>V\u00f5i sa \u0101rmast\u00f5d <strong>m\u012bnda<\/strong>?<\/em> \u2019Kas sa armastad mind?\u2019. Samuti on partitiiv osaaluse k\u00e4\u00e4ne, nt <em><strong>Viet\u0101<\/strong> u\u2019m je\u2019nn\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019Vett on palju\u2019, ja osasihitise k\u00e4\u00e4ne, nt <em>Van\u0101\u01dfma k\u016bjastiz<strong> le\u0161ti<\/strong> <\/em>\u2019Vanaema kuivatas lesti\u2019.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsuse partitiivi l\u00f5ppude \u2013<strong>d\u0101<\/strong>, \u2013<strong>t\u0101<\/strong>, \u2013<strong>da<\/strong>, \u2013<strong>ta<\/strong>, \u2013<strong>\u0163a<\/strong>, \u2013<strong>d\u00f5<\/strong>, \u2013<strong>t\u00f5<\/strong>, \u2013<strong>t<\/strong>, \u2013<strong>\u00f5<\/strong> ja \u2013<strong>i<\/strong> tarvitamine oleneb suurel m\u00e4\u00e4ral t\u00fcve ehitusest.\u00a0Mitmuse partitiivi l\u00f5ppude \u2013<strong>di<\/strong>, \u2013<strong>\u1e11i<\/strong>, \u2013<strong>ti<\/strong>, \u2013<strong>\u0163i<\/strong> ja \u2013<strong>i<\/strong> kasutamine oleneb t\u00fcve l\u00f5puh\u00e4\u00e4likutest v\u00f5i mitmuse nominatiivi\/genitiivi vormist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kohak\u00e4\u00e4nded ja -m\u00e4\u00e4rs\u00f5nad, tagas\u00f5nad<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Koha v\u00e4ljendamiseks on kasutusel <strong>k\u00e4\u00e4nds\u00f5na kohak\u00e4\u00e4ndevormid<\/strong>. Produktiivsetest k\u00e4\u00e4netest on koha v\u00e4ljendamise funktsioon illatiivil, inessiivil ja elatiivil. Ebaproduktiivsetest k\u00e4\u00e4netest on\u00a0kasutusel allatiiv, adessiiv ja ablatiiv, nt tarvitatakse neid\u00a0m\u00f5ningate\u00a0liivi\u00a0k\u00fclanimedega (Ir\u0113,\u00a0\u00a0S\u012bkr\u00f5g jne), aga ka\u00a0<em>m\u01ed-<\/em>l\u00f5puliste kohanimedega (nt <em>\u0112stim\u01ed<\/em> \u2018Eesti\u2019). (K\u00e4\u00e4nete kohta vt t\u00e4psemini \u00f5ppet\u00fckist 3.) Kohta ja finaalsust v\u00e4ljendavad ka\u00a0<strong>supiini ehk <em>ma<\/em>-tegevusnime vormid<\/strong>, mis samuti moodustavad kolmeseid sarju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"table table-hover\"><thead><tr><th>Kus?<\/th><th>SIHT<\/th><th>Kus?<\/th><th>KOHT<\/th><th>Kust(\u00f5)? <\/th><th>L\u00c4HE<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Illatiiv<\/td><td>Ma pan\u0101b s\u012be <strong>k\u00e4pp\u00f5<\/strong><br>\u2019Ma panen selle kappi\u2019<\/td><td>Inessiiv<\/td><td>Se um <strong>k\u00e4ps\u00f5<\/strong><br>\u2019See on kapis\u2019<\/td><td>Elatiiv<\/td><td>Ma v\u00f5tab s\u012be <strong>k\u00e4pst\u00f5<\/strong><br>\u2019Ma v\u00f5tan selle kapist\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Allatiiv<\/td><td>Ma brout\u0161\u00f5b<strong> \u0112stim\u01edl\u00f5 <\/strong><br>\u2019Ma s\u00f5idan Eestisse\u2019<\/td><td>Adessiiv<\/td><td>Ma jel\u0101b<strong> \u0112stim\u01edl <\/strong><br>\u2019Ma elan Eestis\u2019<\/td><td>Ablatiiv<\/td><td>Ma um <strong>\u0112stim\u01edld<\/strong> per\u012b\u0146<br>\u2019Ma olen p\u00e4rit Eestist\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Supiin<\/td><td>Ma l\u01df\u2019b <strong>v\u022fig\u00f5m<\/strong><br>\u2019Ma l\u00e4hen ujuma\u2019<\/td><td>Supiini <br>inessiiv<\/td><td>Ma v\u022f\u2019\u013c <strong>v\u022fig\u00f5m\u00f5s<\/strong><br>\u2019Ma olin ujumas\u2019<\/td><td>Supiini <br>elatiiv<\/td><td>Ma tul\u0101b <strong>v\u022fig\u00f5m\u00f5st<\/strong><br>\u2019Ma tulen ujumast\u2019<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">N\u00e4iteid kolmestest sarjadest<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dchtlasi v\u00e4ljendatakse kohta\u00a0<strong>m\u00e4\u00e4rs\u00f5nade ja kaass\u00f5nade<\/strong> abil. Needki v\u00f5ivad moodustada kolmeseid sarju, eristades kuhugi suundmist (Kus? \u2018Kuhu?\u2019), kuskil paiknemist (Kus? \u2018Kus\u2019) ja kuskilt l\u00e4htumist (Kust(\u00f5)? \u2018Kust\u2019). Tabelis on toodud n\u00e4iteid s\u00f5nadest, millest osa esineb vaid m\u00e4\u00e4rs\u00f5nana, osa aga ka kaass\u00f5nana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"table table-hover\"><thead><tr><th>Kus? (SIHT)<\/th><th>Kus? (KOHT)<\/th><th>Kust(\u00f5)? (L\u00c4HE)<\/th><th>N\u00e4ide<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>al\u0101<\/strong> <br>\u2018alla\u2019<\/td><td><strong>all\u00f5 ~ al<\/strong> <br>\u2018all\u2019<\/td><td><strong>ald\u00f5(st)<\/strong> <br>\u2018alt\u2019<\/td><td>R\u01ednt\u00f5z sad\u012bz l\u014ddan <strong>al\u0101\u00a0<br><\/strong>\u2019Raamat kukkus laua alla\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>i\u2019lz\u00f5 <\/strong><br>\u2018\u00fcles\u2019<\/td><td><strong> i\u2019ll\u00f5<\/strong> <br>\u2018\u00fclal\u2019<\/td><td><strong> i\u2019ld(st)<\/strong><br>\u2018\u00fclalt\u2019<\/td><td>Ve\u2019l p\u01dfva u\u2019m<strong> i\u2019ll\u00f5<\/strong>, \u022d\u2019d\u00f5g ve\u2019l koug\u00f5n <br>\u2019Veel on p\u00e4ike k\u00f5rgel, \u00f5htu veel kaugel\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>je\u2019dd\u00f5<\/strong> <br>\u2018ette\u2019<\/td><td><strong>je\u2019ds\u00f5<\/strong> <br>\u2018ees\u2019<\/td><td><strong>je\u2019dst<\/strong> <br>\u2018eest\u2019<\/td><td>Tulgid <strong>je\u2019dd\u00f5<\/strong>!\u00a0<br>\u2019Tulge ette!\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>j\u016b\u2019r\u00f5<\/strong> <br>\u2018juurde\u2019<\/td><td><strong>j\u016b(r)s(\u00f5)<\/strong> <br>\u2018juures\u2019<\/td><td><strong>j\u016bst(\u00f5)<\/strong> <br>\u2018juurest\u2019<\/td><td>Irma tul\u0101b a\u0157\u0161t <strong>j\u016bst\u00f5<\/strong>\u00a0<br>\u2019Irma tuleb arsti juurest\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ka\u0157\u0157\u00f5l<\/strong> <br>\u2018karja\u2019<\/td><td><strong>k\u01ed\u0157al<\/strong> <br>\u2018karjas\u2019<\/td><td><strong>k\u01ed\u0157ald <\/strong><br>\u2018karjast\u2019<\/td><td><strong>ka\u0157\u0157\u00f5l<\/strong> l\u0113\u2019mi\u00a0<br>\u2019karjaminek\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>kilg\u00f5<\/strong> <br>\u2018k\u00f5rvale\u2019<\/td><td><strong>kilgs(\u00f5)<\/strong> <br>\u2018k\u00f5rval\u2019<\/td><td><strong>kilgst<\/strong> <br>\u2018k\u00f5rvalt\u2019<\/td><td>Kis ist\u0101b mi\u2019n <strong>kilgs\u00f5<\/strong>?\u00a0<br>\u2019Kes istub minu k\u00f5rval?\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>k\u014dgaz\u00a0<\/strong> <br>\u2018kaugele\u2019<\/td><td><strong>koug\u00f5n<\/strong> <br>\u2018kaugel\u2019<\/td><td><strong>koug\u00f5nd<\/strong> <br>\u2018kaugelt\u2019<\/td><td>Iz\u0101 lek\u0161 <strong>k\u014dgaz\u00a0<\/strong><br>\u2019Isa l\u00e4ks kaugele\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>le\u2019\u017eg\u00f5l<\/strong> <br>\u2018l\u00e4hedale\u2019<\/td><td><strong>le\u2019\u017eg\u00f5l<\/strong> <br>\u2018l\u00e4hedal\u2019<\/td><td><strong>le\u2019\u017eg\u00f5ld<\/strong> <br>\u2018l\u00e4hedalt\u2019<\/td><td>Ta jel\u0101b j\u00f5v\u0101g\u00f5t <strong>le\u2019\u017eg\u00f5l\u00a0<\/strong><br>\u2019Ta elab p\u00e4ris l\u00e4hedal\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>kuod\u0101j<\/strong> <br>\u2018koju\u2019<\/td><td><strong>kuo\u2019nn\u00f5<\/strong> <br>\u2018kodus\u2019<\/td><td><strong>kuo\u2019nd\u00f5(st)<\/strong> <br>\u2018kodust\u2019<\/td><td>L\u00e4p\u0161 u\u2019m <strong>kuo\u2019nn\u00f5<\/strong> <br>\u2019Laps on kodus\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>p\u01dfl\u00f5<\/strong> <br>\u2018peale\u2019<\/td><td><strong>p\u01dfl(\u00f5)<\/strong> <br>\u2018peal\u2019<\/td><td><strong>p\u01dfld\u00f5(st)<\/strong> <br>\u2018pealt\u2019<\/td><td>Ka\u0161 \u012bekiz ra\u2019j <strong>p\u01dfld\u00f5st<\/strong> p\u022drand <strong>p\u01dfl\u00f5\u00a0<\/strong><br>\u2019Kass h\u00fcppas tooli pealt p\u00f5randale\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>s\u012b\u0146\u00f5<\/strong> <br>\u2018sinna\u2019<\/td><td><strong>s\u01dfl<\/strong> <br>\u2018seal\u2019<\/td><td><strong>s\u01dfld\u00f5(st)<\/strong> <br>\u2018sealt\u2019<\/td><td>Ma jet\u012bz ta <strong>s\u012b\u0146\u00f5 <\/strong>\u012b\u2019\u017e\u00a0<br>\u2019Ma j\u00e4tsin ta sinnasamasse\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>sid\u0101m\u00f5(z)<\/strong> <br>\u2018keskele\u2019<\/td><td><strong>sid\u0101m\u00f5s<\/strong> <br>\u2018keskel\u2019<\/td><td><strong>sid\u0101m\u00f5st<\/strong> <br>\u2018keskelt\u2019<\/td><td>Ta u\u2019m m\u00e4\u2019d <strong>sid\u0101m\u00f5s\u00a0<\/strong><br>\u2019Ta on meie keskel\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>si\u2019zz\u00f5l<\/strong> <br>\u2018sisse\u2019<\/td><td><strong>siz\u0101l<\/strong> <br>\u2018sees\u2019<\/td><td><strong>siz\u0101ld(\u00f5(st))<\/strong> <br>\u2018seest\u2019<\/td><td>V\u022fr\u0101b\u00f5z tu\u013c p\u022dz\u00f5d <strong>siz\u0101ld<\/strong> v\u00e4\u2019ggi kna\u0161 vak\u0101ks <br>\u2019Orav tuli p\u00f5\u00f5saste seest v\u00e4ga ilusa korviga\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>tag\u0101n<\/strong> <br>\u2018taha\u2019<\/td><td><strong>tag\u0101n<\/strong><br>\u2018taga\u2019<\/td><td><strong>tag\u0101nnd(\u00f5(st))<\/strong> <br>\u2018tagant\u2019<\/td><td>Pi\u2019\u0146 va\u0146\u0163l\u00f5b n\u016brka <strong>tag\u0101nd\u00a0<\/strong><br>\u2019Koer vaatab nurga tagant\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>t\u01dfn\u00f5<\/strong> <br>\u2018siia\u2019 <\/td><td><strong>t\u00e4s\u0101<\/strong> <br>\u2018siin\u2019<\/td><td><strong>t\u00e4st\u0101<\/strong> <br>\u2018siit\u2019<\/td><td><strong>T\u00e4st\u0101 <\/strong>jo\u2019ug s\u01ed\u0146\u00f5 u\u2019m ik\u0161 kilom\u0113t\u00f5r\u00a0<br>\u2019Siit j\u00f5eni on \u00fcks kilomeeter\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>u\u2019lz\u00f5\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><br>\u2018v\u00e4lja\u2019<\/td><td><strong>ull\u00f5<\/strong> <br>\u2018v\u00e4ljas\u2019<\/td><td><strong>uld\u00f5(st)<\/strong> <br>\u2018v\u00e4ljast\u2019 <\/td><td><strong>Ull\u00f5 <\/strong>v\u022f\u2019\u013c v\u00e4\u2019ggi lem ja kna\u0161 \u0101iga\u00a0<br>\u2019V\u00e4ljas oli v\u00e4ga soe ja ilus ilm\u2019<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">N\u00e4iteid m\u00e4\u00e4rs\u00f5nade ja tagas\u00f5nade kolmestest sarjadest<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tabelis toodud vormide p\u00f5hjalt on n\u00e4ha, et \u00fcksjagu on varieerumist (variandid esitatud sulgudes). Nt \u2018seest\u2019 v\u00f5ib olla v\u00e4ljendatud nii\u00a0<em>siz\u0101ld<\/em>, <em>siz\u0101ld\u00f5<\/em>, <em>siz\u0101ld\u00f5st.<\/em>\u00a0Neist viimane on sealjuures n\u00e4iteks selle kohta, kuidas vanale <em>ld<\/em>-l\u00f5pulisele kohak\u00e4\u00e4ndevormile (ablatiiv) on lisandunud produktiivne elatiivi marker (-<em>st<\/em>). Samuti annavad esimene ja teine tulp tunnistust suundumist ja paiknemist v\u00e4ljendavate vormide kokkulangemisest, nt<em> tag\u0101n<\/em> t\u00e4hendab nii \u2018taha\u2019 kui ka \u2018taga\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Omaduss\u00f5nade v\u00f5rdlemine<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Liivi keeles on <strong>keskv\u00f5rde tunnuseks <em>-imi<\/em><\/strong> v\u00f5i <strong>\u2013<em>\u012bmi<\/em><\/strong>, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">s\u016br<\/mark><\/em> \u2019suur\u2019 : <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">s\u016brimi <\/mark><\/em>\u2019suurem\u2019, <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>pi\u0161ki<\/em><\/mark> \u2019v\u00e4ike\u2019 : <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">pi\u0161k\u012bmi <\/mark><\/em>\u2019v\u00e4iksem\u2019, <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>kuord\u00f5<\/em><\/mark> \u2019k\u00f5rge\u2019 : <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">kuordimi <\/mark><\/em>\u2019k\u00f5rgem\u2019. Sageli moodustatakse keskv\u00f5rdevormid siiski hoopis eess\u00f5na<strong> <em>jo<\/em> <\/strong>abil, mispuhul omaduss\u00f5na j\u00e4\u00e4b t\u00fc\u00fcpiliselt algv\u00f5rdevormi, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">k\u012blma <\/mark><\/em>\u2019k\u00fclm\u2019 : <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">jo k\u012blma<\/mark><\/em> \u2019k\u00fclmem\u2019, <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">lem <\/mark><\/em>\u2019soe\u2019, <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">jo lem<\/mark> <\/em>\u2019soojem\u2019. Omaduss\u00f5na <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">j\u00f5v\u0101<\/mark><\/em> \u2019hea\u2019 keskv\u00f5rde vormis tuleb aga esile teine t\u00fcvi \u2013 <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">pa\u0157\u012bmi <\/mark><\/em>\u2019parem\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00dcliv\u00f5rre <\/strong>moodustatakse <em><strong>am\u0101<\/strong><\/em> \u2019k\u00f5ik, k\u00f5ige\u2019 abil, mis liitub kas kesk- v\u00f5i algv\u00f5rdevormile, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">am\u0101 s\u016brimi<\/mark><\/em> \u2019k\u00f5ige suurem\u2019, <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"><em>am\u0101 pi\u0161k\u012bmi<\/em> <\/mark>\u2019k\u00f5ige v\u00e4iksem\u2019, <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">am\u0101 kuordimi <\/mark><\/em>\u2019k\u00f5ige k\u00f5rgem\u2019, <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">am\u0101 k\u012blma<\/mark><\/em> \u2019k\u00f5ige k\u00fclmem\u2019, <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">am\u0101 lem<\/mark><\/em> \u2019k\u00f5ige soojem\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Millegagi v\u00f5rdlemisel seostub omaduss\u00f5na v\u00f5rdlusalusega \u00fcldiselt <strong><em>ku<\/em><\/strong> \u2019kui\u2019, <strong><em>\u00e4bku <\/em><\/strong>\u2019kui\u2019 (otset\u00f5lkes \u2019ei kui\u2019) ja vahel ka l\u00e4tip\u00e4rase<strong><em> nek\u0101<\/em><\/strong> \u2019kui, nagu\u2019 abil, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">v\u0101ldim ku am\u0101d pu\u0157\u0157\u00f5d \u012blma p\u01dfl<\/mark><\/em> \u2019valgem kui k\u00f5ik purjed ilma peal\u2019,<em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\"> t\u00e4mp\u00f5 u\u2019m jo lem \u00e4bku e\u2019g\u013c\u00f5 <\/mark><\/em>\u2019t\u00e4na on soojem kui eile\u2019. V\u00f5rdlusaluse m\u00e4rkimine <strong>elatiiviga<\/strong> on liivi keeles olnud k\u00fcll v\u00f5imalik (<em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">J\u01edn u\u2019m mi\u2019nst\u00f5 jo n\u016bor<\/mark><\/em> \u2019Jaan on minust noorem\u2019), kuid sellised n\u00e4ited on \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt harvad. K\u00fcll aga v\u00f5ib elatiiviga olla v\u00e4ljendatud esilet\u00f5usmine mingi r\u00fchma liikmete seas, nt <em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">va\u0146\u012bmi n\u0113\u0161ti <\/mark><\/em>\u2019vanim neist\u2019.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Siinne grammatikaosa jaguneb nelja lehek\u00fclje vahel. K\u00f5igepealt saab \u00fclevaate daativist (lk 1), seej\u00e4rel partitiivist (lk 2), kohak\u00e4\u00e4netest, koham\u00e4\u00e4rs\u00f5nadest ja tagas\u00f5nadest (lk 3) ning viimaks omaduss\u00f5nade v\u00f5rdlemisest (lk 4). Daativ Daativiga v\u00e4ljendatakse liivi keeles Daativ on kasutusel ka osa-terviku suhte m\u00e4rkimiseks, &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":320,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1816,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10\/revisions\/1816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}