{"id":2508,"date":"2024-10-25T19:29:03","date_gmt":"2024-10-25T16:29:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/sonad-n%c8%adrka-ja-vis-astam-sonade-nork-ja-tugev-aste\/"},"modified":"2025-02-23T21:09:56","modified_gmt":"2025-02-23T19:09:56","slug":"sonad-n%c8%adrka-ja-vis-astam-sonade-nork-ja-tugev-aste","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/sonad-n%c8%adrka-ja-vis-astam-sonade-nork-ja-tugev-aste\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00f5n\u0101d n\u022drka ja vi\u0161 ast\u0101m \/ The weak and strong grades of words"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Livonian gradation or grade alternation<\/strong> refers to the regular stem alternation, which occurs when words change in the stressed syllable and the following syllable. This alternation is usually considered to be the alternation of the weak and strong grades. Both nouns and verbs are subject to grade alternation, e.g.,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table alignleft is-style-stripes has-small-font-size\"><table class=\"table table-hover\"><thead><tr><th>Weak grade<\/th><th>Strong grade<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><em>kal\u0101d <\/em>\u2019fish (pl nom)\u2019<\/td><td><em>ka\u2019ll\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019fish (prt)\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>kik\u012bd <\/em>\u2019roosters\u2019<\/td><td><em>kik <\/em>\u2019rooster\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>liep\u0101d <\/em>\u2019alders\u2019<\/td><td><em>liepp\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019alder (prt)\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>k\u012braz <\/em>\u2019ax\u2019<\/td><td><em>kirr\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019ax (prt)\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>v\u00f5t\u0101b <\/em>\u2019(I) take, (s\/he) takes\u2019<\/td><td><em>v\u00f5tt\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019to take\u2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>sieg\u016bb <\/em>\u2019(I) mix, (s\/he) mixes\u2019<\/td><td><em>sie\u2019gg\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019to mix\u2019<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:28px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Livonian gradation has been extensively studied by Professor Tiit-Rein Viitso. See, for example, his 2007 article in <em>Linguistica Uralica<\/em> (LU 2007 XLIII 1, pgs. 23-28).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-6d28d482-8d93-4ddb-aced-d14eb217ff36\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/649\/viitso_ling-2007-1-5.pdf\">Read Prof. Viitso\u2019s article here<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/649\/viitso_ling-2007-1-5.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-6d28d482-8d93-4ddb-aced-d14eb217ff36\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Livonian gradation or grade alternation refers to the regular stem alternation, which occurs when words change in the stressed syllable and the following syllable. This alternation is usually considered to be the alternation of the weak and strong grades. Both &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":471,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2508","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2508","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/471"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2508"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2508\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2616,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2508\/revisions\/2616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2508"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}