{"id":2506,"date":"2024-08-21T13:09:26","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T10:09:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/haaldus\/inozkillijid-kaashaalikud-2\/"},"modified":"2025-02-23T09:37:03","modified_gmt":"2025-02-23T07:37:03","slug":"inozkillijid-kaashaalikud-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/haaldus\/inozkillijid-kaashaalikud-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u012a\u0146\u00f5zkillijid \/ Consonants"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This section describes the manner of articulation, place of articulation, and voicing of Livonian consonants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The voiceless consonants are <strong>p t t\u0327 k s \u0161<\/strong>, e.g., <em>pad\u0101 <\/em>\u2019pot\u2019, <em>tub\u0101 <\/em>\u2019room\u2019, <em>kak <\/em>\u2019pie, loaf\u2019. They are always pronounced as a fortis consonant between voiced sounds and after a voiced sound at the end of a word, e.g., <em>v\u00f5t\u0327i\u0304m <\/em>\u2019key\u2019, <em>tas\u016bd <\/em>\u2019cups\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The voiced consonants are <strong>b d \u1e11 g \u013c \u0146 \u0157 z \u017e<\/strong>, e.g., <em>sad\u0101 <\/em>\u2019hundred\u2019, <em>v\u022fz\u0101 <\/em>\u2019meat\u2019, <em>a\u017e\u0101 <\/em>\u2019thing\u2019. Though always pronounced voiced between voiced sounds, e.g., <em>taba\u0304r <\/em>\u2019tail\u2019, they are pronounced voiceless, as a lenis consonant, at the end of a word or before p t t\u0327 k s \u0161, e.g., <em>aig <\/em>\u2019pike\u2019, <em>ru\u0304o\u017e <\/em>\u2019rose\u2019, <em>bl\u0113\u2019\u1e11 <\/em>\u2019scoundrel\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The palatalized consonants are <strong>\u1e11 \u013c \u0146 \u0157 \u0163<\/strong>, e.g., <em>pa\u1e11\u0101 <\/em>\u2019pillow\u2019, <em>n\u01ed\u013ca <\/em>\u2019joke\u2019, <em>skut\u0327k <\/em>\u2019girl\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>f<\/strong> and <strong>h<\/strong> are voiceless fortis consonants, which only occur in loan words, e.g., <em>film <\/em>\u2019film\u2019, <em>h\u00e4rtsog <\/em>\u2019duke\u2019, <em>himn <\/em>\u2019anthem\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ts t\u0161 dz d\u017e<\/strong> are affricates, which occur mostly in Latvian loan words as well as descriptive and onomatopoeic words, e.g., <em>tsep\u013c\u0101 <\/em>\u2019oven, kiln\u2019, <em>t\u0161\u016b\u017e\u00f5<\/em> \u2019to whisper\u2019, <em>t\u01df\u2019dzi <\/em>\u2019important\u2019, and <em>dad\u017e\u0101 <\/em>\u2019thistle\u2019. The affricate <strong>ds <\/strong>and its palatalized form <strong>\u1e11\u0161<\/strong> also occur, though less often, e.g., <em>je\u2019ds\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019in front (of)\u2019, <em>k\u016b\u2019o\u1e11\u0161t\u00f5<\/em> \u2019to judge\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Long consonants are written with a single letter when occurring at the end of a word or next to another consonant, e.g., <em>kik <\/em>\u2019rooster\u2019, <em>and\u00f5<\/em> \u2019to give\u2019, <em>maks\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019to pay\u2019. This results in orthographic consonant alternation, e.g., <em>kik <\/em>: <em>kikk\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019rooster (nom) : rooster (prt)\u2019, even though the consonants in both cases are of the same length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Almost all consonants can occur as short and long geminates or double consonants, i.e., consonants divided into two syllables, e.g., <em>tapp\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019to kill\u2019, <em>tap\u0101b <\/em>\u2019(s\/he) kills\u2019. Livonian also has voiced geminates, e.g., <em>tu\u2019bb\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019inside, room (prt, ill)\u2019, <em>ka\u2019dd\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019to disappear\u2019, <em>i\u2019zz\u00f5 <\/em>\u2019father (prt)\u2019.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This section describes the manner of articulation, place of articulation, and voicing of Livonian consonants. The voiceless consonants are p t t\u0327 k s \u0161, e.g., pad\u0101 \u2019pot\u2019, tub\u0101 \u2019room\u2019, kak \u2019pie, loaf\u2019. They are always pronounced as a fortis &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":471,"featured_media":0,"parent":1214,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2506","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/471"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2506"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2591,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2506\/revisions\/2591"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/liivikeel\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}