{"id":38,"date":"2024-04-04T02:00:14","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T23:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/kiirgusest_tuumajaamani\/aatom\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T02:00:51","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T23:00:51","slug":"aatom","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/kiirgusest_tuumajaamani\/aatom\/","title":{"rendered":"Aatom"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"620\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-84\" style=\"float: right;margin: 10px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/157\/aatom.png\" title=\"Aatom\" alt=\"Aatom (Ly S\u00f5\u00f5rd)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/157\/aatom.png 660w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/157\/aatom-300x282.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\">Meid \u00fcmbritsevas maailmas koosnevad k\u00f5ik ained aatomitest. Teadlased <strong>Rutherford<\/strong> ja <strong>Bohr<\/strong> tegid m\u00f6\u00f6dunud sajandi algul kindlaks, et iga aatom omakorda koosneb v\u00e4ikesest positiivse laenguga <strong>tuumast<\/strong>, mille \u00fcmber keerlevad negatiivse laenguga <strong>elektronid<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Aatomituum sisaldab <strong>prootoneid<\/strong>, mis kannavad elektronide negatiivse laenguga v\u00f5rdset positiivset laengut, ja <strong>neutronid<\/strong>, millel laeng puudub. Kuna aatomi tuumas sisalduvate prootonite arv on sama suur kui tuuma \u00fcmber tiirlevate elektronide arv, siis on aatom elektriliselt neutraalne. Kuna prootonid ja neutronid on palju raskemad kui elektronid, siis koondub enamus aatomi massist selle tuuma. Elektronide arv aatomis \u2013 ja vastavalt prootonite arv tuumas, mida nimetatakse <strong>aatomnumbriks<\/strong> \u2013 annab elemendile tema unikaalsed omadused. Prootonite ja neutronite koguarvu nimetatakse <strong>massiarvuks<\/strong>. Kuna prootonite arv on igale elemendile ainuomane, siis kasutatakse sageli elemendi nimetust koos massiarvuga.<\/p>\n<p>Sama elemendi <strong>nukliide<\/strong>, millel on \u00fchesugune prootonite arv, kuid erinev neutronite arv, kutsutakse selle elemendi <strong>isotoopideks<\/strong>. N\u00e4iteks vesinikul on kolm isotoopi: vesinik-1 (tavaline <strong>vesinik<\/strong>, mille tuumas on ainult \u00fcks prooton), vesinik-2, mida kutsutakse <strong>deuteeriumiks<\/strong> (\u00fcks prooton ja \u00fcks neutron) ja vesinik-3, mida kutsutakse <strong>triitiumiks<\/strong> (\u00fcks prooton ja kaks neutronit).<\/p>\n<h2>Harjutus:<\/h2>\n<p>Uraan on keemiline element j\u00e4rjenumbriga 92, mis kuulub aktinoidide r\u00fchma. V\u00e4limuselt on uraan h\u00f5bevalge metall. K\u00f5ik uraani isotoobid on radioaktiivsed. Looduslikust uraanist on 99% uraan-238. Vasta j\u00e4rgmistele k\u00fcsimustele uraan-238 kohta:<\/p>\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"216\" height=\"119\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-85\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/157\/u238.png\" title=\"u238.png\" alt=\"u238.png\"><\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Mis on selle keemilise elemendi massiarv?<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4842-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-6a7c8592e4842-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4842-collapse\">238<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4842-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4842-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body pt-0\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080\">\u00d5ige!<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4848-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-6a7c8592e4848-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4848-collapse\">92<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4848-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4848-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body pt-0\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Pole \u00f5ige!<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4849-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-6a7c8592e4849-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4849-collapse\">146<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4849-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4849-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body pt-0\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Pole \u00f5ige!<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>2. Mitu prootonit on selle keemilise elemendi tuumas?<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484b-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-6a7c8592e484b-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484b-collapse\">238<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484b-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484b-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body pt-0\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Pole \u00f5ige!<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484c-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-6a7c8592e484c-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484c-collapse\">92<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484c-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484c-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body pt-0\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080\">\u00d5ige!<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484d-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-6a7c8592e484d-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484d-collapse\">146<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484d-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484d-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body pt-0\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Pole \u00f5ige!<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>3. Mitu neutronit on selle keemilise elemendi tuumas?<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484f-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-6a7c8592e484f-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484f-collapse\">238<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484f-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-6a7c8592e484f-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body pt-0\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Pole \u00f5ige!<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4850-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-6a7c8592e4850-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4850-collapse\">92<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4850-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4850-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body pt-0\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Pole \u00f5ige!<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4854-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-6a7c8592e4854-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4854-collapse\">146<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4854-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4854-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body pt-0\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080\">\u00d5ige!<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>4. Mitu elektroni tiirleb \u00fcmber tuuma?<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4856-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-6a7c8592e4856-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4856-collapse\">238<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4856-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4856-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body pt-0\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Pole \u00f5ige!<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4857-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-6a7c8592e4857-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4857-collapse\">92<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4857-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4857-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body pt-0\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008080\">\u00d5ige!<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4858-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-6a7c8592e4858-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4858-collapse\">146<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4858-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-6a7c8592e4858-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body pt-0\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Pole \u00f5ige!<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Meid \u00fcmbritsevas maailmas koosnevad k\u00f5ik ained aatomitest. Teadlased Rutherford ja Bohr tegid m\u00f6\u00f6dunud sajandi algul kindlaks, et iga aatom omakorda koosneb v\u00e4ikesest positiivse laenguga tuumast, mille \u00fcmber keerlevad negatiivse laenguga elektronid. Aatomituum sisaldab prootoneid, mis kannavad elektronide negatiivse laenguga v\u00f5rdset &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-38","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/kiirgusest_tuumajaamani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/kiirgusest_tuumajaamani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/kiirgusest_tuumajaamani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/kiirgusest_tuumajaamani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/76"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/kiirgusest_tuumajaamani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/kiirgusest_tuumajaamani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":141,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/kiirgusest_tuumajaamani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38\/revisions\/141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/kiirgusest_tuumajaamani\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}