{"id":8,"date":"2024-04-04T07:50:43","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:50:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/21-aatomitest-aineteni\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T10:19:01","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T07:19:01","slug":"21-aatomitest-aineteni","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/21-aatomitest-aineteni\/","title":{"rendered":"2.1. Aatomitest aineteni"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Keemia uurimisobjektiks on ained ja nendega toimuvad muundumised. Ained koosnevad aineosakestest ja just aineosakesed kujundavad ainete omadused ning p\u00f5hjustavad nende muundumisi. Seet\u00f5ttu tulebki \u00f5ppida aineosakesi tundma ja selles aitab Sind allolev video.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Allikas: <\/span><\/span><\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/DTwdlVdi1pM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/DTwdlVdi1pM\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/DTwdlVdi1pM<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Ained koosnevad aineosakestest. Aineosakesed v\u00f5ivad olla aatomid, molekulid v\u00f5i ioonid. <\/span><\/span><\/span>Aatom<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> <span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">on v\u00e4ikseim aineosake, mis koosneb aatomituumast ja elektonkattest. Aatomituum omakorda koosneb prootonitest ja neutronitest, elektonkatte moodustavad aga elektronkihtidel paiknevad elektronid.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: solidblack1.0pt;\" border=\"1\" width=\"601\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 450.8pt; border: solidblack1.0pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"601\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">AATOM<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 212.4pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"283\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Aatomituum<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 238.4pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"318\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Elektronkate<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 212.4pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"283\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Prootonid (laeng +1, mass 1 am\u00fc)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Neutronid (laeng 0, mass 1 am\u00fc)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 238.4pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; text-align: center;\" width=\"318\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Elektronid (laeng -1, mass <\/span><\/span><i><span lang=\"ET\">\u2248<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u00a00,0005 am\u00fc)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<figure id=\"attachment_62\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62\" style=\"width: 258px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/hapnik.png\" alt=\"Hapniku aatomi mudel.\" width=\"258\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/hapnik.png 419w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/hapnik-269x300.png 269w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 258px) 100vw, 258px\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hapniku aatomi mudel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Elektrone ja prootoneid on aatomis sama palju ja seet\u00f5ttu on aatom tervikuna neutraalne.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N\u00e4iteks hapniku aatomit kirjeldab k\u00f5rvalolev\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">mudel. Sellelt saad n\u00e4ha, et hapniku aatomituumas paikneb 8 prootonit (joonisel kollased pallikesed) ja 8 neutronit (joonisel oran\u017eid pallikesed) ning elektronkatte kahes kihis kokku 8 elektroni (joonisel hallid pallikesed): 1. elektronkihil 2\u00a0 ja v\u00e4limisel kihil 6 elektroni.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Aatomite massi v\u00e4ljendatakse aatommassi\u00fchikutes (am\u00fc). \u00dcks aatommassi\u00fchik v\u00f5rdub <\/span><\/span><i><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">1\/<\/span><\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">12<\/span><\/span><\/i><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u00a0s\u00fcsiniku aatomi massist. Kuna elektronide mass on niiv\u00f5rd v\u00e4ike, kuid prootonite ja neutronite mass on v\u00f5rdne \u00fche aatommassi\u00fchikuga, saab \u00f6elda, et aatomi mass on koondunud tema tuuma.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc4881b25f9-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc4881b25f9-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc4881b25f9-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc4881b25f9-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc4881b25f9-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">\u00dchte liiki aatomitest moodustub keemiline <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">element. K\u00f5ik keemilised elemendid on paigutatud keemiliste elementide perioodilisustabelisse. Perioodilisustabelis on liigitatud \u00a0elemendid kahte gruppi, l\u00e4htuvalt nende lihtainete keemilistest omadustest: metallilised elemendid ja mittemetallilised elemendid. Tabeli vasakul pool on metallilised ja paremal mittemetallilised elemendid. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Metalliliste elementide lihtainetel on metallidele iseloomulikud omadused. Metallide kasutamine igap\u00e4evaelus l\u00e4htubki just nende omadustest. N\u00e4iteks<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" align=\"center\" border=\"1\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border:solidblack1.0pt\" width=\"601\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width:225.4pt;border:solidblack1.0pt\" width=\"301\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">F\u00fc\u00fcsikaline omadus<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:225.4pt;border:solidblack1.0pt;border-left:none\" width=\"301\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Kasutusvaldkond<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width:225.4pt;border:solidblack1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"301\">\n<p style=\"padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Hea elektrijuhtivus<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:225.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidblack1.0pt;border-right:solidblack1.0pt\" width=\"301\">\n<p style=\"padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Elektrijuhtmete valmistamiseks (vask)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width:225.4pt;border:solidblack1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"301\">\n<p style=\"padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Hea soojusjuhtivus<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:225.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidblack1.0pt;border-right:solidblack1.0pt\" width=\"301\">\n<p style=\"padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Radiaatorite\u00a0 ja s\u00f6\u00f6gin\u00f5ude\u00a0 valmistamiseks (malm)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width:225.4pt;border:solidblack1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"301\">\n<p style=\"padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Metalne l\u00e4ige<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:225.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidblack1.0pt;border-right:solidblack1.0pt\" width=\"301\">\n<p style=\"padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Peeglite valmistamiseks (alumiinium)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width:225.4pt;border:solidblack1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"301\">\n<p style=\"padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Plastilisus ja hea t\u00f6\u00f6deldavus<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width:225.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidblack1.0pt;border-right:solidblack1.0pt\" width=\"301\">\n<p style=\"padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Alumiiniumfooliumi, traadi (nikkel), masinaosade (teras) valmistamiseks <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n\t<br><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Mittemetallidel puuduvad metallidele iseloomulikud omadused ja omavahel on nad v\u00e4hem sarnased kui metallid, aga siiski saab v\u00e4lja tuua, et mittemetallid reeglina ei juhi elektrit, on halvad soojusjuhid ning neil puudub metalne l\u00e4ige. Argielus kasutatakse mittemetalle metallidest v\u00e4hem. M\u00f5ned n\u00e4ited: hapnik \u2013 hingamiseks ja p\u00f5lemisprotsessides; vesinik \u2013 k\u00fctusena; kloor \u2013 basseinivee desinfitseerimiseks. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc4881b25ff-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc4881b25ff-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc4881b25ff-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc4881b25ff-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc4881b25ff-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YqrBIBAjf28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"130\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-64\" style=\"width: 60px; height: 46px; float: right;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-11_at_13.55.20.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-11_at_13.55.20.png\" alt=\"video\"><\/a><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Korda videost enam kasutatavate elementide nimetusi ja s\u00fcmboleid.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Selle jaoks, et keemia maailmas paremini hakkama saada, tuleb teada enam kasutatavate elementide nimetusi ja s\u00fcmboleid. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Aatomi ehituse kohta leiad vajalikku informatsiooni perioodilisustabelist, kui tead j\u00e4rgmisi seoseid:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">elemendi aatomnumber (Z) = tuumalaeng (+) = prootonite arv (p) tuumas = elektronide arv (e<sup>\u2013<\/sup>) elektronkattes;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">elemendi massiarv = t\u00e4isarvuks \u00fcmardatud aatommass = prootonite arv + elektronide arv;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">eelmisest seosest tuleneb: neutronite arv = massiarv \u2013 prootonite arv;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">perioodi number = elektronkihtide arv elektronkattes;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">r\u00fchma number (A-r\u00fchmades) = v\u00e4liskihi elektronide arv. B-r\u00fchmade elementide v\u00e4liskihil on reeglina 2 elektroni.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Aatomite elektronkatte ehituse kirjeldamiseks kasutatakse elektronskeeme. Selleks, et elektronskeemi koostada, pead teadma j\u00e4rgmist:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">1. elektronkihis saab olla kuni 2 elektroni.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2. elektronkihis saab olla kuni 8 elektroni.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">3. elektronkihis saab olla kuni 18 elektroni.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">4. elektronkihis saab olla kuni 32 elektroni.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">v\u00e4liskihis saab olla alati kuni 8 elektroni.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N\u00e4iteks magneesiumi elektronskeem on j\u00e4rgmine: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Mg:+12|2)8)2)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Arseenil: As:+33|2)8)18)5)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Molekulid<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> <span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">on aineosakesed, mis koosnevad aatomitest. Molekuli koostist kirjeldab molekulivalem, mis\u00a0n\u00e4itab, milliste elementide aatomitest (v\u00e4ljendab elemendi s\u00fcmbol valemis)\u00a0ja kui paljudest (v\u00e4ljendab indeks) molekul koosneb. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_63\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-63\" style=\"width: 277px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-63\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/etoh.gif\" alt=\"Etanooli molekul.\" width=\"277\" height=\"206\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-63\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Etanooli molekul<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N\u00e4iteks n\u00e4itab\u00a0etanooli molekulivalem (C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>OH), et molekul koosneb kolme erineva elemendi aatomitest:\u00a02 s\u00fcsiniku aatomist, 6 vesiniku aatomist ja 1 hapniku aatomist.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Aatomite ja molekulide k\u00f5rval esineb ka kolmas liik aineosakesi \u2013\u00a0ioonid. <\/span><\/span><\/span>Ioon<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> <span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">on laetud (laenguga) aineosake. Ioonid tekivad aatomitest elektronide liitmise v\u00f5i loovutamise teel. Liidetakse v\u00f5i loovutatakse nii mitu elektroni, et v\u00e4lises elektronkihis oleks 8 elektroni (maksimaalselt t\u00e4idetud v\u00e4limine elektronkiht). Need elemendid, mille v\u00e4limises elektronkihis on v\u00e4he elektrone (1-3 e<sup>\u2013<\/sup>), loovutavad need ja nii tekib\u00a0positiivse laenguga ioon\u00a0ehk katioon. Elemendid, mille v\u00e4lises elektronkihis on aga palju elektrone (5-7 e<sup>\u2013<\/sup>), liidavad elektrone, omandades seejuures negatiivse laengu ja tekib anioon.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Kirjeldame n\u00e4iteks aniooni teket v\u00e4\u00e4vli aatomist:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"608\" height=\"114\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-60\" style=\"width: 240px; height: 45px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-04_at_13.43.06.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-04_at_13.43.06.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-04_at_13.43.06.png 608w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-04_at_13.43.06-300x56.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">ja katiooni teket alumiiniumi aatomist:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"610\" height=\"114\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-61\" style=\"width: 241px; height: 45px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-04_at_13.43.18.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-04_at_13.43.18.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-04_at_13.43.18.png 610w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-04_at_13.43.18-300x56.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\"><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc4881b2601-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc4881b2601-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc4881b2601-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 3<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc4881b2601-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc4881b2601-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Keemia uurimisobjektiks on ained ja nendega toimuvad muundumised. Ained koosnevad aineosakestest ja just aineosakesed kujundavad ainete omadused ning p\u00f5hjustavad nende muundumisi. Seet\u00f5ttu tulebki \u00f5ppida aineosakesi tundma ja selles aitab Sind allolev video. Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega. Muuda &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":572,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions\/572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}