{"id":44,"date":"2024-04-04T07:50:47","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:50:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/75-karboksuulhapped\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T10:14:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T07:14:13","slug":"75-karboksuulhapped","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/75-karboksuulhapped\/","title":{"rendered":"7.5. Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Igap\u00e4evaselt oled Sa endale seda teadvustamata kokku puutunud nii m\u00f5negi karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapete aineklassi kuuluva \u00fchendiga:\u00a0s\u00f6\u00f6gi\u00e4\u00e4dikaga k\u00f6\u00f6gis kokates, piimhappega keefiris, sidrunhappega sidruniga teed nautides v\u00f5i oblikhappega rabarbereid v\u00f5i j\u00e4nesekapsaid s\u00fc\u00fces. Mida aga karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped endast t\u00e4psemalt kujutavad, sellest saad \u00fclevaate videost.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6 style=\"border: none; margin-bottom: 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Allikas:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GWiNuLIFDuk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GWiNuLIFDuk\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: #0563c1;\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/GWiNuLIFDuk<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h6>\n<h2>Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapete m\u00f5iste, struktuur ja nimetamine<\/h2>\n<p>Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped on orgaanilised \u00fchendid<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">, mis sisaldavad oma struktuuris karboks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchma (-COOH).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-122\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.03.50.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.03.50.png\" alt=\"pilt\" width=\"500\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.03.50.png 902w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.03.50-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.03.50-768x393.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Karboks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchm karboks\u00fc\u00fclhappes<\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Karboks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchm on alati seotud s\u00fcsinikahela otsmise s\u00fcsinikuga ja neid v\u00f5ib olla molekulis ainult \u00fcks,\u00a0nagu on <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">n\u00e4iteks etaan- ehk \u00e4\u00e4dikhappes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-123\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.05.51.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.05.51.png\" alt=\"pilt\" width=\"500\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.05.51.png 790w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.05.51-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.05.51-768x476.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Etaanhape\u00a0ehk \u00e4\u00e4dikape<\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">v\u00f5i mitu, nagu n\u00e4iteks etaandihappes ehk oblikhappes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-124\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.07.04.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.07.04.png\" alt=\"pilt\" width=\"500\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.07.04.png 978w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.07.04-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.07.04-768x481.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Etaandihape ehk oblikhape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapete korral on samuti v\u00f5imalik koostada nende tasapinnalisi, lihtsustatud ja summaarseid valemeid. N\u00e4iteks butaanhappe (sisaldab 4 C aatomit) tasapinnaline struktuurivalem on selline:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-125\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.08.24.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.08.24.png\" alt=\"pilt\" width=\"500\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.08.24.png 1220w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.08.24-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.08.24-1024x428.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.08.24-768x321.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\"><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Butaanhape<\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">lihtsustatud struktuurivalem on\u00a0CH<sub>3<\/sub>-CH<sub>2<\/sub>-CH<sub>2<\/sub>-COOH<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">ja summaarne struktuurivalem\u00a0C<sub>4<\/sub>H<sub>8<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapete nimetamisel l\u00e4htutakse vastava s\u00fcsinike aatomite arvuga s\u00fcsivesinike nimetusest, lisades sellele\u00a0 l\u00f5ppliite -hape. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N\u00e4iteks: metaan \u2192 metaanhape, propaan \u2192 propaanhape.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc48812cc67-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc48812cc67-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc48812cc67-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc48812cc67-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc48812cc67-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<h2>\n\tKarboks\u00fc\u00fclhapete happelisus ja keemilised omadused<br>\n<\/h2>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Anorgaanilises keemias oled Sa juba \u00f5ppinud, et happed on ained, mis annavad vesilahusesse vesinikioone ehk prootoneid (H<sup>+<\/sup>). Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped annavad samuti vesilahusesse vesinikioone ning on oluline meeles pidada, et karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapete korral asub happeline vesinik karboks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchmas. N\u00e4iteks etaanhape jaguneb vees etaanhappe happej\u00e4\u00e4kiooniks ja vesinikiooniks: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1596\" height=\"384\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-126\" style=\"width: 623px;height: 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.10.05.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.10.05.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.10.05.png 1596w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.10.05-300x72.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.10.05-1024x246.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.10.05-768x185.png 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.10.05-1536x370.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1596px) 100vw, 1596px\">\n<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\n\tEtaanhappe jagunemine vees etaanhappe happej\u00e4\u00e4kiooniks ja vesinikiooniks<br>\n<\/h6>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Kuigi karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped annavad vesilahusesse vesinikioone ja neil on olemas k\u00f5ik hapetele iseloomulikud omadused, on nad n\u00f5rgad happed. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped reageerivad alustega, aluseliste oksiididega ning aktiivsete ja keskmise aktiivsusega metallidega.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<h5>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>KARBOKS\u00dc\u00dcLHAPE + ALUS \u2192 SOOL + <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><br>\n<\/h5>\n<p>\n\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">1. Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhappe reaktsioonil alustega tekivad sool ja vesi.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>COOH + NaOH\u00a0 \u2192 CH<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">CH<sub>2<\/sub>COONa + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">2CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH + Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>\u00a0 \u2192 (CH<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">COO)<sub>2<\/sub>Ca + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">See reaktsioon toimub alati ning seda nimetatakse ka neutralisatsioonireaktsiooniks.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<h5>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>KARBOKS\u00dc\u00dcLHAPE + ALUSELINE OKSIID \u2192 SOOL + H<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><br>\n<\/h5>\n<p>\n\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">2. Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhappe reaktsioonil aluseliste oksiididega tekivad sool ja vesi.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">2CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>COOH + CaO\u00a0 \u2192 (CH<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">CH<sub>2<\/sub>COO)<sub>2<\/sub>Ca + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">2CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH + Na<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>O\u00a0 \u2192 2CH<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">COONa + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">See reaktsioon toimub samuti alati.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<h5>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>KARBOKS\u00dc\u00dcLHAPE + METALL \u2192 SOOL + <\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>H<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><br>\n<\/h5>\n<p>\n\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">3. Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhape reaktsioonil aktiivsete ja keskmise aktiivsusega metallidega tekivad sool ja vesinik.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">2CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>COOH + Zn\u00a0 \u2192 (CH<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">CH<sub>2<\/sub>COO)<sub>2<\/sub>Zn + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">2CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>COOH + 2Na\u00a0 \u2192 2CH<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">COONa + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">See reaktsioon ei toimu alati \u2013\u00a0t\u00e4pselt nagu anorgaaniliste hapetega, reageerivad ka karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapetega ainult vesinikust aktiivsemad metallid ehk need metallid, mis asuvad metallide elektrokeemilises aktiivsusreas vesinikust vasakul ehk vesinikust eespool.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1596\" height=\"146\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-127\" style=\"width: 656px;height: 60px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.13.09.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.13.09.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.13.09.png 1596w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.13.09-300x27.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.13.09-1024x94.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.13.09-768x70.png 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-18_at_09.13.09-1536x141.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1596px) 100vw, 1596px\">\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc48812cc6d-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc48812cc6d-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc48812cc6d-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc48812cc6d-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc48812cc6d-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e4htsamad karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized wp-image-128\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"363\" height=\"385\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/Metaanhape-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-659\" style=\"width:200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/Metaanhape-1.png 363w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/Metaanhape-1-283x300.png 283w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Metaanhape ehk sipelghape<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">1. Metaanhape ehk sipelghape HCOOH <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Metaanhape on terava l\u00f5hna ja maitsega, s\u00f6\u00f6vitav hape. Metaanhapet leidub sipelgate eritistes, n\u00f5gese k\u00f5rvekarvakestes ning v\u00e4hesel m\u00e4\u00e4ral ka kuuse- ja m\u00e4nniokastes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Metaanhapet kasutatakse tekstiili- ja nahat\u00f6\u00f6stuses, konservandina silo tegemisel\u00a0 ja desinfitseerimisvahendina toiduainetet\u00f6\u00f6stuses.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2. Etaanhape ehk \u00e4\u00e4dikhape <\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">K\u00f5ige tuntum karboks\u00fc\u00fclhape igap\u00e4evaelus. Etaanhape on terava l\u00f5hna ja maitsega, vees h\u00e4sti lahustuv ning kange lahuse korral s\u00f6\u00f6vitav vedelik. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full wp-image-128 size-thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"182\" height=\"148\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/Etaanhape-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-660\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Etaanhape ehk \u00e4\u00e4dikhape<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Puhast (99%-list) etaanhapet nimetatakse j\u00e4\u00e4-\u00e4\u00e4dikhappeks, sest alla 16 \u00baC moodustuvad vedeliku sisse j\u00e4\u00e4sarnased kristallid. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Etaanhapet kasutatakse konservandina (nt\u00a0seente v\u00f5i kurkide marineerimisel), samuti maitseainena (nt s\u00fcldi k\u00f5rvale). Keemiat\u00f6\u00f6stus kasutab etaanhapet lahustina. Igap\u00e4evaelus kasutatakse \u00e4\u00e4dikhapet k\u00f5ige rohkem katlakivi eemaldamiseks v\u00f5i k\u00fcpsetiste kergitamiseks koos soodaga.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">3. Piimhape CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH(OH)COOH<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized wp-image-130\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"475\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/Piimhape-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-661\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/Piimhape-1.png 475w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/Piimhape-1-300x242.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Piimhape<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Piimhape tekib piimas oleva suhkru\u00a0k\u00e4\u00e4rimisel piimhappebakterite juuresolekul. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Piimhapet leidub hapupiimas, keefiris ja teistes hapendatud piimatoodetes. Piimhape tekib ka kurkide, kapsaste ja juustu k\u00e4\u00e4rimisel hapniku juuresolekuta. Sportlane teab piimhappe m\u00f5ju lihastele v\u00e4ga h\u00e4sti:\u00a0piimhape tekib lihastes veresuhkru lagunemisel ilma hapnikuta ja p\u00f5hjustab valutunnet p\u00e4rast pikaajalist intensiivset lihastreeningut. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc48812cc76-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc48812cc76-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc48812cc76-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 3<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc48812cc76-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc48812cc76-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Igap\u00e4evaselt oled Sa endale seda teadvustamata kokku puutunud nii m\u00f5negi karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapete aineklassi kuuluva \u00fchendiga:\u00a0s\u00f6\u00f6gi\u00e4\u00e4dikaga k\u00f6\u00f6gis kokates, piimhappega keefiris, sidrunhappega sidruniga teed nautides v\u00f5i oblikhappega rabarbereid v\u00f5i j\u00e4nesekapsaid s\u00fc\u00fces. Mida aga karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped endast t\u00e4psemalt kujutavad, sellest saad \u00fclevaate videost. Kolmandate osapoolte &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-44","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":664,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44\/revisions\/664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}