{"id":40,"date":"2024-04-04T07:50:47","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:50:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/72-susiniku-oksiidid\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T11:18:51","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T08:18:51","slug":"72-susiniku-oksiidid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/72-susiniku-oksiidid\/","title":{"rendered":"7.2. S\u00fcsiniku oksiidid"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">S\u00fcsinikul on kaks t\u00e4htsamat oksiidi: CO ja CO<sub>2<\/sub>, mis m\u00f5lemad tekivad s\u00fcsiniku\u00fchendite p\u00f5lemisel ja on laialdaselt kasutatavad t\u00f6\u00f6stuses. Oma koostiselt v\u00f5ivad nad tunduda k\u00fcll sarnased, kuid omadustelt on v\u00e4gagi erinevad ained. S\u00fcsiniku oksiididest annab \u00fclevaate j\u00e4rgnev video.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Allikas: <\/span><\/span><\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/qDae-Iay4Oo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/qDae-Iay4Oo\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc;\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/qDae-Iay4Oo<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h6>\n<h2>S\u00fcsinikoksiid<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_108\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-108\" style=\"width: 204px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-108\" title=\"S\u00fcsinikoksiid\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/co.gif\" alt=\"S\u00fcsinikoksiid.\" width=\"204\" height=\"159\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-108\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">S\u00fcsinikoksiid<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">S\u00fcsinikoksiidi valem on CO ja rahvap\u00e4raselt kutsutakse teda vingugaasiks. S\u00fcsinikoksiid tekib s\u00fcsiniku ja s\u00fcsiniku\u00fchendite mittet\u00e4ielikul p\u00f5lemisel, see t\u00e4hendab, et p\u00f5lemisprotsessis ei j\u00e4tku piisavalt hapnikku. Mittet\u00e4ieliku p\u00f5lemise v\u00f5rrand on selline: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2C+ O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> \u2192 2CO<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Oma omadustelt on s\u00fcsinikoksiid v\u00e4rvitu, l\u00f5hnatu, eluohtlikult m\u00fcrgine gaas. Vingugaasi m\u00fcrgisus seisneb selles, et sissehingamisel seostub CO veres oleva hemoglobiiniga. Tavap\u00e4raselt seostub hemoglobiiniga hapnik, kuid kuna s\u00fcsinikoksiidi seostumine on eelistatud, ei saa hemoglobiin hapnikku siduda ning sellest tulenevalt ei kanna veri m\u00f6\u00f6da keha laiali mitte hapnikku vaid vingugaasi ja selle tagaj\u00e4rjel organism l\u00f5puks l\u00e4mbubki. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">S\u00fcsinikoksiid on vees v\u00e4he lahustuv\u00a0\u00f5huga\u00a0sarnase tihedusega gaas. \u00d5hu tihedus on umbes 1,23 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup> ning s\u00fcsinikoksiidi oma 1,14 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup>. Gaaside kogumise juures \u00f5ppisime selgeks nipi, kuidas hinnata, kas gaas on \u00f5hust tihedam v\u00f5i h\u00f5redam. \u00d5hu molekulmassiks loetaks 29, M<sub>r<\/sub>(CO) = 12 + 16 = 30, seega saamegi \u00f6elda, et vingugaas on \u00f5huga\u00a0sarnase tihedusega. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Kuna s\u00fcsinikoksiidis on s\u00fcsiniku oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste II, saab ta edasi oks\u00fcdeeruda. CO oks\u00fcdeerub kahes erinevas protsessis:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">p\u00f5lemisel: 2CO + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> \u2192 2CO<\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><br><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Selle t\u00f5ttu, et ta p\u00f5leb, kasutatakse teda k\u00fcttegaaside koostises.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">reageerides metallioksiididega: Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> + 3CO \u2192 2Fe + 3CO<\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><br><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Antud reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrand kirjeldab raua tootmist rauamaagist ja ka selles protsessis leiab s\u00fcsinikoksiid laialdast kasutust.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>S\u00fcsinikdioksiid<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_66\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-66\" style=\"width: 236px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66\" title=\"S\u00fcsinikdioksiid\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/co2.gif\" alt=\"S\u00fcsinikdioksiid.\" width=\"236\" height=\"179\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-66\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">S\u00fcsinikdioksiid<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">S\u00fcsinikdioksiidi valem on CO<sub>2<\/sub> ja tema rahvap\u00e4rane nimetus s\u00fcsihappegaas. S\u00fcsinikdioksiid tekib s\u00fcsiniku ja s\u00fcsiniku\u00fchendite t\u00e4ielikul p\u00f5lemisel. T\u00e4ieliku p\u00f5lemise saame v\u00f5rrandi abil \u00fcles kirjutada nii: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">C + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> \u2192 CO<\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">S\u00fcsihappegaasi tekib ka k\u00f5dunemisprotsessidel ja hingamisel. Maa atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ris leidub umbes 0,04% s\u00fcsinikdioksiidi ning selles koguses ei ole s\u00fcsinikdioksiid inimorganismile kahjulik, kuid suuremates kogustes (\u00fcle 1%) p\u00f5hjustab s\u00fcsihappegaas uimasust. Seda v\u00f5ib t\u00e4heldada ruumides, kus on pikemat aega koos palju inimesi, aga ventilatsioon on puudulik\u00a0v\u00f5i aknad suletud. Kui s\u00fcsihappegaasi kogus \u00f5hus k\u00fc\u00fcndib juba 7\u201310% l\u00e4hedale, on see eluohtlik. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">S\u00fcsihappegaas on v\u00e4rvitu, kergelt hapuka l\u00f5hnaga gaas. Tema lahustuvus vees on keskmine ja ta on \u00f5huga v\u00f5rreldes umbes 1,5 korda suurema tihedusega gaas. S\u00fcsihappegaasi tihedus on 1,98 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup> ning molekulmass M<sub>r<\/sub>(CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">) = 12 + 16<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">$\\times $<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2 = 44. Madalamatel temperatuuridel muutub s\u00fcsihappegaas tahkeks j\u00e4\u00e4sarnaseks nn\u00a0kuivaks j\u00e4\u00e4ks, mida kasutatakse toiduainete jahutamisel. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">S\u00fcsinikdioksiid on happeline oksiid, mis reageerides veega moodustab n\u00f5rga ja ebap\u00fcsiva happe \u2013\u00a0s\u00fcsihappe:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u00a0CO<sub>2<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O <\/span><\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"76\" height=\"62\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-107\" style=\"width: 16px; height: 13px;\" title=\"kaks-noolt.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/kaks-noolt.png\" alt=\"nooled\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">S\u00fcsinikdioksiidis on s\u00fcsiniku oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste IV, mis on s\u00fcsiniku jaoks maksimaalne. Sellest tulenevalt s\u00fcsinikdioksiid ei p\u00f5le ega toeta p\u00f5lemist ning leiab kasutust tulekustutites. Veel kasutatakse s\u00fcsihappegaasi toiduainetet\u00f6\u00f6stuses (jookide gaseerimisel, happesuse regulaatorina, toiduainete s\u00e4ilitamisel).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc488114065-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc488114065-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc488114065-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc488114065-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc488114065-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00fcsinikul on kaks t\u00e4htsamat oksiidi: CO ja CO2, mis m\u00f5lemad tekivad s\u00fcsiniku\u00fchendite p\u00f5lemisel ja on laialdaselt kasutatavad t\u00f6\u00f6stuses. Oma koostiselt v\u00f5ivad nad tunduda k\u00fcll sarnased, kuid omadustelt on v\u00e4gagi erinevad ained. S\u00fcsiniku oksiididest annab \u00fclevaate j\u00e4rgnev video. Kolmandate osapoolte sisu &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-40","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":607,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40\/revisions\/607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}