{"id":28,"date":"2024-04-04T07:50:46","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:50:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/52-redoksreaktsioonid\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T15:25:03","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T12:25:03","slug":"52-redoksreaktsioonid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/52-redoksreaktsioonid\/","title":{"rendered":"5.2. Redoksreaktsioonid"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\r\n\tMeie igap\u00e4evaelus kulgeb v\u00e4ga palju keemilisi muundumisi, mida saame liigitada redoksreaktsioonide hulka. Redoksreaktsioonid on n\u00e4iteks \u00f5una l\u00f5ikepinna tumenemine \u00f5hu k\u00e4es, meie igap\u00e4evane nii m\u00e4rkamatu tegevus nagu hingamine, h\u00f5beehete tuhmumine aja jooksul, k\u00fc\u00fcnla p\u00f5lemine jne. Redoksreaktsioone selgitab Sulle siinolev video.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h6>\r\n\tAllikas:\u00a0<a data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/OH5M-kREEJk\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/OH5M-kREEJk\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/OH5M-kREEJk<\/a>\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tRedoksreaktsioon on reaktsioon, mille k\u00e4igus muutub v\u00e4hemalt kahe keemilise elemendi oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste, kuna toimub elektronide \u00fcleminek \u00fchelt aineosakeselt teisele. Redoksreaktsiooni puhul toimuvad paralleelselt kaks protsessi: oks\u00fcdeerumine ja redutseerumine. Oks\u00fcdeerumine on protsess, kus aineosake loovutab elektrone ning selle k\u00e4igus elemendi oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste kasvab. Redutseerumine on vastandprotsess: aineosake liidab elektrone ning seet\u00f5ttu elemendi oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste kahaneb. Osake, mis liidab elektrone, on oks\u00fcdeerija, ning osake, mis loovutab elektrone, on redutseerija.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tEt Sul oleks lihtsam neid uusi m\u00f5isteid meelde j\u00e4tta ja nendega tegutseda, j\u00e4ta\u00a0meelde j\u00e4rgmine seos: redutseerija reedab elektrone (annab elektrone \u00e4ra). Kuna elektron on negatiivse laenguga, siis negatiivset laengut \u00e4ra andes muutub aineosake\u00a0ise positiivsemaks ehk elektrone loovutava\u00a0keemilise elemendi\u00a0oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste suureneb. Protsess, mis redutseerijaga toimub, on oks\u00fcdeerumine. Seega oks\u00fcdeerumine on elektronide loovutamise protsess ning siit edasi saad oks\u00fcdeerija ja redutseerumise m\u00f5istete t\u00e4hendused juba ise tuletada.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\tKuidas teha kindlaks, kas tegemist on redoksreaktsiooniga?\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tSelleks tuleb anal\u00fc\u00fcsida toimuva reaktsiooni v\u00f5rrandit, leides selles k\u00f5ikide elementide oks\u00fcdatsiooniastmed. V\u00f5tame n\u00e4iteks neutralisatsioonireaktsiooni v\u00f5rrandi, kus omavahel reageerivad naatriumh\u00fcdroksiid ja vesinikkloriidhape:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">NaOH + HCl \u2192\u00a0NaCl + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tM\u00e4\u00e4rame k\u00f5ikide elementide o.a-d.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\",serif\">\u00a0I\u00a0\u00a0-II\u00a0 I\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0I\u00a0-I\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I\u00a0\u00a0 -I\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0I\u00a0 -II<\/span><\/span><\/span><br><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\",serif\">NaOH + HCl <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\",serif\"> NaCl + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKui vaadata n\u00fc\u00fcd leitud o.a-sid, n\u00e4eme, et mitte \u00fchegi elemendi o.a ei muutunud ja saame teha j\u00e4relduse, et see reaktsioon pole redoksreaktsioon.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc6fcfc3ab9-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc6fcfc3ab9-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc6fcfc3ab9-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc6fcfc3ab9-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc6fcfc3ab9-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<strong>Anal\u00fc\u00fcsime magneesiumi p\u00f5lemisreaktsiooni v\u00f5rrandit.<\/strong>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\",serif\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a00\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0II\u00a0 -II<\/span><\/span><\/span><br><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\",serif\">2Mg + O<sub>2<\/sub> <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\",serif\"> 2MgO<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Selles v\u00f5rrandis elementide o.a-d muutuvad ja seet\u00f5ttu on tegemist redoksreaktsiooniga. M\u00e4\u00e4rame reaktsioonis elemendi, mis on oks\u00fcdeerijaks, ja elemendi, mis on redutseerijaks, ning elemendi, mis oks\u00fcdeerub, ja elemendi, mis redutseerub. Selleks on meil abi vastavatest m\u00f5istetest.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t\u00a0 0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 II<br><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Mg$\\xrightarrow[]{-2e^{-}}$Mg<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Nagu n\u00e4ed, magneesiumi o.a suureneb, j\u00e4relikult ta loovutab elektrone:\u00a0sellest l\u00e4htuvalt on ta redutseerija ja ise oks\u00fcdeerub.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t\u00a00\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0-II<br><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">O$\\xrightarrow[]{+2e^{-}}$O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tSiin n\u00e4ed, et hapniku o.a v\u00e4heneb, seega ta liidab elektrone ja j\u00e4relikult on oks\u00fcdeerija ning ise redutseerub. J\u00e4ta meelde, et metallide reageerimisel hapnikuga k\u00e4ituvad metallid redutseerijana ja hapnik oks\u00fcdeerijana.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<strong>Anal\u00fc\u00fcsime j\u00e4rgmisena kaltsiumi ja v\u00e4\u00e4velhappe\u00a0vahelise reaktsiooni v\u00f5rrandit.<\/strong>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tAlustuseks m\u00e4\u00e4rame taas k\u00f5ikide elementide o.a-d.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\",serif\">\u00a00\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0I\u00a0 VI -II\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0II\u00a0 VI -II\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a00<\/span><\/span><\/span><br><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span>Ca + H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> \u2192 CaSO<sub>4<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span><span>\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\",serif\">Nagu n\u00e4ed, muutuvad ka selles reaktsioonis kahe elemendi o.a-d.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t\u00a00\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 II<br><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Ca$\\xrightarrow[]{-2e^{-}}$Ca<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Kaltsiumi o.a suureneb:\u00a0ta loovutab elektrone. J\u00e4relikult on ta redutseerija ja ise oks\u00fcdeerub.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\tI\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 0<br><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">H$\\xrightarrow[]{+1e^{-}}$H<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">N\u00e4eme, et vesiniku o.a v\u00e4heneb, seega ta liidab elektrone. Sellest tulenevalt on ta oks\u00fcdeerija ja ise redutseerub.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Taas saad\u00a0meelde j\u00e4tta, et metallide reaktsioonidel hapetega k\u00e4itub metall redutseerijana ja oks\u00fcdeerijaks on vesinikioonid.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc6fcfc3aca-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc6fcfc3aca-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc6fcfc3aca-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc6fcfc3aca-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc6fcfc3aca-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Meie igap\u00e4evaelus kulgeb v\u00e4ga palju keemilisi muundumisi, mida saame liigitada redoksreaktsioonide hulka. Redoksreaktsioonid on n\u00e4iteks \u00f5una l\u00f5ikepinna tumenemine \u00f5hu k\u00e4es, meie igap\u00e4evane nii m\u00e4rkamatu tegevus nagu hingamine, h\u00f5beehete tuhmumine aja jooksul, k\u00fc\u00fcnla p\u00f5lemine jne. Redoksreaktsioone selgitab Sulle siinolev video. Kolmandate &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-28","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":367,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28\/revisions\/367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}