{"id":27,"date":"2024-04-04T07:50:46","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:50:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/51-metallide-omadused\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T15:25:04","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T12:25:04","slug":"51-metallide-omadused","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/51-metallide-omadused\/","title":{"rendered":"5.1. Metallide omadused"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\r\n\tOma igap\u00e4evaelus puutud Sa kokku v\u00e4ga paljude metallidega,\u00a0n\u00e4iteks h\u00f5bedast ja kullast valmistatakse ehteid, rauast erinevaid konstruktsioonidetaile, vasest elektrijuhtmeid. Metallide \u00fcldiseloomustuse leiad j\u00e4rgnevast videost.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h6>\r\n\tAllikas: <a data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Bei8q6d46RE\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Bei8q6d46RE\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/Bei8q6d46RE<\/a>\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tMetallid on keemilised elemendid, millel on metallilised omadused.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tMetallide f\u00fc\u00fcsikaliste omadustega (k\u00f5vadus, tugevus, plastilisus, metalne l\u00e4ige, tihedus, hea elektri- ja soojusjuhtivus) oled Sa juba tuttav.\u00a0 Samuti tead, et metallide lihtainetes esineb metalliline side, mis hoiab metalli kristalliv\u00f5ret koos. Olulised metallide f\u00fc\u00fcsikalised omadused (elektri- ja soojusjuhtivus, plastilisus) ongi tingitud just metallilisest sidemest. Metalliline side tekib metallikristallis paiknevate positiivsete ioonide ja ioonide vahel liikuvate \u00fchiste elektronide vastastikusel t\u00f5mbumisel.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"335\" height=\"211\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-79\" style=\"width: 335px;height: 211px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/metalliline_side_uus.gif\" title=\"Metalliline side\" alt=\"Metalliline side\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Metallide kasutamine igap\u00e4evaelus l\u00e4htub just suuresti nende f\u00fc\u00fcsikalistest omadustest, aga kindlasti tuleb arvestada ka keemiliste omadustega. Kuidas reageerivad metallid lihtainetega ja hapetega ning millest nende reaktsiooniv\u00f5ime s\u00f5ltub, selle kordamegi n\u00fc\u00fcd \u00fcle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h6>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Allikas:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/xLBQO2PDpoM\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/xLBQO2PDpoM\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/xLBQO2PDpoM<\/a>\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\tMetallide keemilised omadused\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tMetallid reageerivad teiste ainetega erineva kiirusega, seda aitab iseloomustada metallide aktiivsusrida. \u00dcldjoontes saab jagada aktiivsusreas paiknevad metallid kolmeks: aktiivsed metallid, keskmise aktiivsusega metallid ja v\u00e4heaktiivsed metallid, mis asuvad vesinikust paremal.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1896\" height=\"236\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-100\" style=\"width: 643px;height: 80px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-15_at_13.14.09.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-15_at_13.14.09.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-15_at_13.14.09.png 1896w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-15_at_13.14.09-300x37.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-15_at_13.14.09-1024x127.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-15_at_13.14.09-768x96.png 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-15_at_13.14.09-1536x191.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1896px) 100vw, 1896px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tAktiivsete metallide hulka kuuluvad leelismetallid\u00a0(IA r\u00fchma metallid) ja leelismuldmetallid\u00a0(IIA r\u00fchma (alates Ca-st) metallid). Mg on metall, mis on aktiivsete ja keskmise aktiivsusega metallide piiril. Keskmise aktiivsusega on metallid, mida kindlasti kohtame igap\u00e4evaelus k\u00f5ige sagedamini. Need on suuresti siirdemetallid:\u00a0B-r\u00fchmade metallid. V\u00e4heaktiivsete metallide hulka kuuluvad k\u00f5ik v\u00e4\u00e4rismetallid (Ag, Au, Pt).\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc491b19b24-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc491b19b24-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc491b19b24-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc491b19b24-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc491b19b24-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n\tMetallid reageerivad hapnikuga ning selle reaktsiooni tulemusel tekib metallioksiid. Selle reaktsiooni kohta peaksid teadma, et v\u00e4\u00e4rismetallid hapnikuga ei reageeri, aktiivsete metallide reaktsioonid hapnikuga kulgevad tavatingimustel ja keskmise aktiivsusega metallid on tavatingimustel hapniku suhtes \u00fcpris vastupidavad (nende pinnale tekib \u00f5huga kokkupuutel tihe ja kaitsev oksiidikiht, mis takistab edasist reageerimist), kuid reageerivad aktiivselt kuumutamisel.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tMETALL\u00a0+ HAPNIK\u00a0\u2192 OKSIID\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tN\u00e4iteks kaltsiumi reageerimisel hapnikuga tekib kaltsiumoksiid:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">2Ca + O<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192\u00a02CaO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Kui plii reageerib hapnikuga, tekib plii(II)oksiid:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>2Pb + O<sub>2 <\/sub>\u2192 2PbO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Nagu n\u00e4ed, on metallide ja hapniku vaheline reaktsioon \u00fchinemisreaktsioon.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Hapnik ei ole ainus mittemetall, millega metallid v\u00f5ivad reageerida. Nad reageerivad ka n\u00e4iteks v\u00e4\u00e4vliga, andes sulfiide (tekib sool):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>2Na + S \u2192 Na<sub>2<\/sub>S<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Ja veel reageerivad nad ka klooriga, tekivad kloriidid (samuti soolad):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>2K + Cl<sub>2 <\/sub>\u2192 2KCl<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc491b19b29-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc491b19b29-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc491b19b29-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc491b19b29-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc491b19b29-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">Milline reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrand kirjeldab korrektselt metallide reaktsioone mittemetallidega?\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tMetallid reageerivad ka hapete lahustega. Taas pead silmas pidama, et\u00a0k\u00f5ik metallid (pingereas H-st tagapool asuvad metallid) hapetega ei reageeri.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc491b19b2b-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc491b19b2b-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc491b19b2b-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 3<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc491b19b2b-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc491b19b2b-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n\tMetallide reaktsioonil hapete lahustega tekib sool ja eraldub vesinik.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tMETALL + HAPE\u00a0\u2192 SOOL +\u00a0<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tPaneme n\u00e4iteks magneesiumi reageerima vesinikkloriidhappe lahusega:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>Mg + 2HCl \u2192 MgCl<sub>2<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Ja alumiiniumi reageerima v\u00e4\u00e4velhappe lahusega:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>2Al + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> \u2192 Al<sub>2<\/sub>(SO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span>\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tMetalli ja happe vaheline reaktsioon on asendusreaktsioon, kus metall t\u00f5rjub happest vesiniku v\u00e4lja ehk asendab vesiniku. Selliseid reaktsioone nimetatakse asendusreaktsioonideks. Asendusreaktsioon on reaktsioon, kus \u00fcks aatom v\u00f5i aatomite r\u00fchm asendab teise aine molekulis mingi aatomi v\u00f5i aatomite r\u00fchma.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Nagu juba mainitud, H-st paremal asuvad metallid hapetega ei reageeri ja taolised v\u00f5rrandid l\u00f5petame nii:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Cu + HCl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"76\" height=\"60\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-98\" style=\"width: 23px;height: 18px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.49.35.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.49.35.png\" alt=\"pilt\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc491b19b2d-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc491b19b2d-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc491b19b2d-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 4<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc491b19b2d-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc491b19b2d-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oma igap\u00e4evaelus puutud Sa kokku v\u00e4ga paljude metallidega,\u00a0n\u00e4iteks h\u00f5bedast ja kullast valmistatakse ehteid, rauast erinevaid konstruktsioonidetaile, vasest elektrijuhtmeid. Metallide \u00fcldiseloomustuse leiad j\u00e4rgnevast videost. Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega. Muuda n\u00f5usolekut Allikas: https:\/\/youtu.be\/Bei8q6d46RE Metallid on keemilised elemendid, millel on &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-27","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":371,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27\/revisions\/371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}