{"id":25,"date":"2024-04-04T07:50:45","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/36-aineklasside-vahelised-seosed\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T11:57:40","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T08:57:40","slug":"36-aineklasside-vahelised-seosed","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/36-aineklasside-vahelised-seosed\/","title":{"rendered":"3.6. Aineklasside vahelised seosed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kuidas saada happest soola v\u00f5i aluselisest oksiidist alust? Anorgaaniliste ainete vahelistest seostest saad \u00fclevaate\u00a0j\u00e4rgmisest videost.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6>Allikas:\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/vTmaYTCx-sk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/vTmaYTCx-sk\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/vTmaYTCx-sk<\/a><\/h6>\n<p>Seoseid aineklasside vahel n\u00e4gid juba eelmistes teemades. Toome need siin veelkord \u00e4ra, n\u00fc\u00fcd kokkuv\u00f5tlikult tabelina.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" width=\"602\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"216\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"height: 24.25pt;\"><b><span lang=\"et\">Reaktsioon<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 128.6pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-left: none;\" width=\"171\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"height: 24.25pt;\"><b><span lang=\"et\">N\u00e4ited<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"216\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span style=\"height: 58.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">LIHTAINE + HAPNIK \u2192 OKSIID<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 128.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"171\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">C + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span lang=\"et\"> \u2192 CO<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\">2<\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">2Ca + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span lang=\"et\"> \u2192 2CaO <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"216\"><span lang=\"et\"><strong>Selgitus: <\/strong>Toimub peaaegu alati. Hapnikuga ei reageeri v\u00e4\u00e4rismetallid (Au, Pt), v\u00e4\u00e4risgaasid.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"216\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">HAPPELINE OKSIID + VESI \u2192 HAPE<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 128.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"171\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span style=\"height: 70.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">CO<sub>2<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span lang=\"et\">O \u2192 H<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\">2<\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\">CO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">SO<sub>2<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 H<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\">2<\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\">SO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"216\"><span lang=\"et\"><strong>Selgitus: <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"height: 70.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">Erandina ei reageeri veega SiO<sub>2<\/sub>. Happelise oksiidi ja happe koostises oleva mittemetallilise elemendi o.a ei muutu (nt CO<sub>2<\/sub>, H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub> \u2013 m\u00f5lemas aines on C o.a IV).<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"216\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">ALUSELINE OKSIID + VESI \u2192 LEELIS<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 128.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"171\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">CaO + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span lang=\"et\">O \u2192 Ca(OH)<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\">2<\/span><\/sub>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">Na<sub>2<\/sub>O + H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192 2NaOH<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"216\"><span lang=\"et\"><strong>Selgitus: <\/strong><\/span><span lang=\"et\">Veega reageerivad ainult tugevalt aluselised oksiidid. Tugevalt aluselised oksiidid on IA r\u00fchma metallide ja IIA r\u00fchma metallide oksiidid, v\u00e4lja arvatud BeO ja MgO. Reaktsiooni tulemusel tekib tugev alus ehk leelis.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"216\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span style=\"height: 53.5pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">ALUS + HAPE \u2192\u00a0 SOOL + VESI<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 128.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"171\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span style=\"height: 53.5pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">NaOH + HCl \u2192 NaCl + H<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\">2<\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\">O<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> \u2192 CaSO<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">4<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"216\"><span style=\"height: 58.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><strong>Selgitus: <\/strong><\/span><\/span><span style=\"height: 53.5pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">Tegemist on neutralisatsioonireaktsiooniga. <strong>Toimub alati.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"216\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span style=\"height: 70.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">HAPPELINE OKSIID + ALUS \u2192 SOOL + VESI<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 128.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"171\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span style=\"height: 70.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">SO<sub>2<\/sub> + Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span lang=\"et\"> \u2192 CaSO<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\">3<\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\"> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span style=\"height: 70.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span lang=\"et\"> + 2NaOH \u2192 Na<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\">CO<sub>3<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"216\"><span lang=\"et\"><strong>Selgitus: <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"height: 70.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">Tekib happelisele oksiidile vastava\u00a0 happe sool. Happelise oksiidi ja happe koostises oleva mittemetallilise elemendi o.a ei muutu (nt CO<sub>2<\/sub>, H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub> \u2013 m\u00f5lemas aines on C o.a IV).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><strong>Toimub alati.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"216\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span style=\"height: 58.75pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">ALUSELINE OKSIID + HAPE \u2192 SOOL + VESI<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 128.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"171\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">Li<sub>2<\/sub>O + H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub><\/span><span lang=\"et\"> \u2192 Li<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\">2<\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\">SO<sub>4<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span style=\"height: 58.75pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">CaO + 2HCl \u2192 CaCl<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\">2<\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\"> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"216\"><span lang=\"et\"><strong>Selgitus: <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"height: 58.75pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">Tugevalt aluseliste oksiididega toimub reaktsioon energiliselt, n\u00f5rgalt aluseliste puhul v\u00f5ib olla vajalik kuumutamine. <\/span><\/span><strong>Toimub alati.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"216\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span style=\"height: 67.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">ALUSELINE OKSIID + HAPPELINE OKSIID \u2192 SOOL<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 128.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"171\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">BaO + CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span lang=\"et\"> \u2192 BaCO<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\">3<\/span><\/sub><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span style=\"height: 67.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">Na<sub>2<\/sub>O + SO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span lang=\"et\"> \u2192 Na<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\">2<\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\">SO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"216\"><span lang=\"et\"><strong>Selgitus: <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"height: 67.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">Aktiivsemate oksiididega toimub reaktsioon kiiremini, v\u00e4hemaktiivsetega on vajalik kuumutamine. Tekib happelisele oksiidile vastava happe sool. <\/span><\/span><strong>Toimub alati.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"216\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">METALL + HAPE \u2192 SOOL + VESINIK<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 128.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"171\">\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">Ca + H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub><\/span><span lang=\"et\"> \u2192 CaSO<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\">4<\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\"> + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span lang=\"et\">\u2191<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding: 5.0pt4.0pt5.0pt4.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">2Na + 2HCl \u2192 2NaCl + H<\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\">2<\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\">\u2191<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"216\"><span lang=\"et\"><strong>Selgitus: <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"height: 56.5pt;\"><span lang=\"et\">Lahjendatud hapetega reageerivad metallide elektrokeemilises aktiivsuse reas vaid vesinikust aktiivsemad metallid (st vesinikust eespool).<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"216\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">ALUS $\\xrightarrow{temp.}$<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u00a0OKSIID + VESI<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 128.6pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"171\">\n<p><span lang=\"et\">Fe(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0$\\xrightarrow{temp.}$ FeO + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"et\">Cu(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0$\\xrightarrow{temp.}$ CuO + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 161.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"216\"><span lang=\"et\"><strong>Selgitus: <\/strong><\/span>Kuumutamisel lagunevad vaid vees lahustumatud h\u00fcdroksiidid. IA r\u00fchma h\u00fcdroksiidid ei lagune kuumutamisel. Mida v\u00e4iksema aktiivsusega on metall, seda kergemini tema h\u00fcdroksiid kuumutamisel laguneb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc491b5a4d4-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc491b5a4d4-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc491b5a4d4-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc491b5a4d4-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc491b5a4d4-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kuidas saada happest soola v\u00f5i aluselisest oksiidist alust? Anorgaaniliste ainete vahelistest seostest saad \u00fclevaate\u00a0j\u00e4rgmisest videost.\u00a0 Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega. Muuda n\u00f5usolekut Allikas:\u00a0https:\/\/youtu.be\/vTmaYTCx-sk Seoseid aineklasside vahel n\u00e4gid juba eelmistes teemades. Toome need siin veelkord \u00e4ra, n\u00fc\u00fcd kokkuv\u00f5tlikult tabelina. &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-25","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":629,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25\/revisions\/629"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}