{"id":24,"date":"2024-04-04T07:50:45","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/35-soolad\/"},"modified":"2025-10-07T15:00:16","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T12:00:16","slug":"35-soolad","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/35-soolad\/","title":{"rendered":"3.5. Soolad"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Soolad on igap\u00e4evaelus v\u00e4ga laialdaselt kasutuses. N\u00e4iteks toitu saad maitsetada soolaga, siin m\u00f5eldakse peamiselt naatriumkloriidi ehk\u00a0NaCl. Kooki saad kergitada vesiniksoola ehk naatriumvesinikkarbonaadiga ehk NaHCO<sub>3<\/sub>-ga. Naatriumkloriidi\u00a0ja kaaliumkloriidi (KCl) sisaldub\u00a0mineraalvees V\u00e4rska Originaal.<\/p>\n<p>Soolad on ained, mis koosnevad metalli katioonist ja happej\u00e4\u00e4kioonist ehk happeanioonist. Kuidas soolasid nimetada ja kuidas soolad tekivad, saad vaadata j\u00e4rgmisest videost.<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6>Allikas:\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/TQ-110H2mL8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/TQ-110H2mL8\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/TQ-110H2mL8<\/a><\/h6>\n<h2>Nimetamine<\/h2>\n<h5>Soolade nimetamise \u00fcldkuju:\u00a0<br>katiooni nimi + (o.a) + happej\u00e4\u00e4kiooni nimi<\/h5>\n<p>Soolade nimetamisel tee kindlaks, millise metalli katioonist ja millise happe anioonist sool koosneb.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Soolade nimetamise \u00fcldkuju: katiooni nimi + (o.a) + happej\u00e4\u00e4kiooni nimi<\/p>\n<p>Happej\u00e4\u00e4kioonide nimed on toodud <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/book\/32-happed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/book\/32-happed\">hapete teema tabelis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Soolade nimetamisel vaata eelnevalt, kas metalliiooni oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste on p\u00fcsiv v\u00f5i muutuv. Sellest tulenevalt on kaks nimetamise reeglit.<\/p>\n<p>1. Kui soola koostises oleval metallilisel elemendil on <b>p\u00fcsiv oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste<\/b>, antakse nimetus j\u00e4rgmiselt: metalli nimi + happej\u00e4\u00e4kiooni nimi,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">nt\u00a0NaCl \u2013 naatriumkloriid, AlBr<b><sub>3\u00a0<\/sub><\/b>\u2013 alumiiniumbromiid.<\/p>\n<p>2. Kui soola koostises oleval metallilisel elemendil on <b>muutuv oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste<\/b>, antakse nimetus nii:\u00a0metalli nimi + (o.a) + happej\u00e4\u00e4kiooni nimi,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">nt\u00a0CuCO<b><sub>3\u00a0<\/sub><\/b>\u2013 vask(II)karbonaat, Fe<b><sub>2<\/sub><\/b>(SO<b><sub>4<\/sub><\/b>)<b><sub>3\u00a0<\/sub><\/b>\u2013 raud(III)sulfaat.<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc491b77cd6-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc491b77cd6-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc491b77cd6-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc491b77cd6-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc491b77cd6-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<h2>Valemite koostamine<\/h2>\n<p>Soola valemi koostamist vaatame kahe n\u00e4ite p\u00f5hjal.<\/p>\n<p>1. n\u00e4ide.\u00a0Kirjuta kaltsiumkloriidi valem<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kirjuta k\u00f5igepealt \u00fcksteise k\u00f5rvale metalli katioon ning seej\u00e4rel happej\u00e4\u00e4kioon:\u00a0Ca<sup>2+ <\/sup>Cl<sup>\u2013<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00f5rdsusta positiivsed ja negatiivsed laengud, et \u00fchend oleks tervikuna neutraalne. Antud n\u00e4ites tuleb anioone v\u00f5tta 2 t\u00fckki.<\/li>\n<li>Eelnevat arvesse v\u00f5ttes on kaltsiumkloriidi valem\u00a0CaCl<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2. n\u00e4ide.\u00a0Kirjuta raud(III)sulfaadi valem.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kirjuta k\u00f5igepealt \u00fcksteise k\u00f5rvale metalli katioon ning seej\u00e4rel happej\u00e4\u00e4kioon:\u00a0Fe<sup>3+ <\/sup>SO<b><sub>4<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup><\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00f5rdsusta positiivsed ja negatiivsed laengud, et \u00fchend oleks tervikuna neutraalne. Antud n\u00e4ites tuleb katioone v\u00f5tta 2 ja anioone v\u00f5tta 3\u00a0 t\u00fckki.<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-585  alignnone\" style=\"width: 155px; height: 47px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-15_at_12.27.00.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-14_at_08.35.03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"534\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-14_at_08.35.03.png 534w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-14_at_08.35.03-300x91.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 534px) 100vw, 534px\"><\/li>\n<li>Eelnevat arvesse v\u00f5ttes on raud(III)sulfaadi\u00a0valem: Fe<sub>2<\/sub>(SO<b><sub>4<\/sub><\/b>)<b><sub>3<\/sub><\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc491b77ce8-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc491b77ce8-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc491b77ce8-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc491b77ce8-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc491b77ce8-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p>Vali soola nimetuse j\u00e4rgi soola \u00f5ige valem.<\/p>\n<p><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 271px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/h5p\/h5p-php-library\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<h2>Liigitamine<\/h2>\n<p><b>Lihtsoolad<\/b> koosnevad metalliioonist ja \u201etavalisest\u201c happej\u00e4\u00e4kioonist (vt\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/book\/32-happed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/book\/32-happed\">hapete teema tabelit<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><b>Vesiniksoolad<\/b> koosnevad metalliioonist ja happej\u00e4\u00e4kioonist,\u00a0mis sisaldab ka vesinikku. Vesinikku sisaldavaid happej\u00e4\u00e4kioone annavad lahusesse mitmeprootonilised\u00a0happed. Tuntuim vesiniksool on naatriumvesinikkarbonaat (NaHCO<sub>3<\/sub>) ehk s\u00f6\u00f6gisooda. Vesiniksoolad tekivad aluse ja happe vahelisel reaktsioonil, kui alust ei ole piisavalt happe t\u00e4ielikuks neutraliseerimiseks. N\u00e4iteks\u00a0s\u00fcsihappe ja kaaliumh\u00fcdroksiidi vahelise reaktsiooni tulemusena v\u00f5ib moodustuda nii kaaliumkarbonaat kui ka kaaliumvesinikkarbonaat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub><span lang=\"et\"> + KOH \u2192 KHCO<\/span><sub>3<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">kaalimvesinikkarbonaat \u2013 vesiniksool<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub><span lang=\"et\"> + 2KOH \u2192 K<\/span><sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">kaaliumkarbonaat \u2013 lihtsool<\/p>\n<p>Nagu n\u00e4ha, kulub \u00fche osa kaaliumkarbonaadi tekkimiseks 2 osa kaaliumh\u00fcdroksiidi, kuid kaaliumvesinikkarbonaadi tekkimiseks kulub vaid \u00fcks osa kaaliumh\u00fcdroksiidi.<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Happed, mis tekitavad vesiniksoolasid ning hapetele vastavad happej\u00e4\u00e4kioonid<\/h6>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: solidblack1.0pt;\" border=\"1\" width=\"601\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 47.25pt; border: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"63\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Hape<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 157.5pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-left: none;\" width=\"210\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>-1 H<sup>+<\/sup><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 146.25pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-left: none;\" width=\"195\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>-2 H<sup>+<\/sup><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.75pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-left: none;\" width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>-3 H<sup>+<\/sup><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 47.25pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"63\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 157.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"210\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">HCO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u2013<\/sup> vesinikkarbonaatioon<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 146.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"195\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">CO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">karbonaatioon<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2013<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 47.25pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"63\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 157.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"210\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">H<sub>2<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>\u2013<\/sup> divesinikfostaatioon<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 146.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"195\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">HPO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup> vesinikfostaatioon<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">PO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>3-<\/sup> fosfaatioon<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 47.25pt; border: solidblack1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"63\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 157.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"210\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">HSO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u2013<\/sup>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">vesiniksulfitioon<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 146.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"195\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">sulfitioon<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidblack1.0pt; border-right: solidblack1.0pt;\" width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2013<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc491b77cea-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc491b77cea-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc491b77cea-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 3<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc491b77cea-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc491b77cea-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<h2>\n\tNeutralisatsioonireaktsioon<br>\n<\/h2>\n<p>\n\tSa oled tuttav juba aluste ja hapete aineklassiga.\u00a0Mis aga juhtub siis, kui aluse ja happe lahus kokku valada?\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h6>\n\tAllikas:\u00a0<a data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/LTnw48BpkwM\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/LTnw48BpkwM\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color:#0563c1\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/LTnw48BpkwM<\/span><\/a><br>\n<\/h6>\n<p>\n\tHappe ja aluse vaheline reaktsioon on neutralisatsioonireaktsioon. Sa tead juba, et happed on ained, mis annavad vesilahusesse vesinikioone ning alused annavad lahusesse h\u00fcdroksiidioone. Siinkohal t\u00e4hendabki neutraliseerimine olukorda, kus happele on lisatud nii palju alust, et lahuses olevate vesinikioonide happelist m\u00f5ju v\u00e4hendatakse h\u00fcdroksiidioonidega ning lahus muutub neutraalseks (s\u00fcsteem toimib ka vastupidi \u2013 alusele hapet\u00a0lisades).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tAluse ja happe vaheline reaktsioon toimub alati, olenemata alusest v\u00f5i happest, mida kasutatakse.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tNeutralisatsioonireaktsioon on vahetusreaktsioon, mis t\u00e4hendab seda, et aluse ja happe samalaengulised ioonid vahetavad kohad. V\u00f5ttes n\u00e4iteks liitiumh\u00fcdroksiidi ja v\u00e4\u00e4velhappe vahelise reaktsiooni, vahetame positiivsete ioonide asukohad.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"836\" height=\"148\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-95\" style=\"width: 339px;height: 60px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-21_at_08.26.46.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-21_at_08.26.46.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-21_at_08.26.46.png 836w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-21_at_08.26.46-300x53.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-21_at_08.26.46-768x136.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 836px) 100vw, 836px\">\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tSeega tekivad meile saadustena liitiumsulfaat ja vesi.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\t2LiOH + H<sub><span style=\"color:black\">2<\/span><\/sub>SO<sub><span style=\"color:black\">4<\/span><\/sub><span> \u2192 Li<\/span><sub><span style=\"color:black\">2<\/span><\/sub>SO<sub><span style=\"color:black\">4<\/span><\/sub> + 2H<sub><span style=\"color:black\">2<\/span><\/sub>O\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tSamamoodi toimime kaltsiumh\u00fcdroksiidi ja vesinikkloriidhappe vahelise reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandi kirjutamisel ehk vahetame kaltsiumiooni ja vesinikiooni asukohad ning selle tulemusel tekivad kaltsiumkloriid ja vesi.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\n\tCa(OH)<sub><span style=\"color:black\">2<\/span><\/sub><span> + 2HCl \u2192 CaCl<\/span><sub><span style=\"color:black\">2<\/span><\/sub> + H<sub><span style=\"color:black\">2<\/span><\/sub>O\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc491b77cec-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc491b77cec-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc491b77cec-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 4<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc491b77cec-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc491b77cec-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<h2>Soolade saamine<\/h2>\n<p>Keemilisi reaktsioone, mille k\u00e4igus soolad moodustuvad, oleme juba <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/book\/31-oksiidid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/book\/31-oksiidid\">oksiidide<\/a>, <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/book\/32-happed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/book\/32-happed\">hapete<\/a> ja <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/book\/33-alused\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/book\/33-alused\">aluste<\/a> osas k\u00e4sitlenud, aga olgu need siin kokkuv\u00f5tlikult uuesti kirjas.<\/p>\n<p><b>1. <\/b><b><span lang=\"et\">HAPE + ALUS \u2192 SOOL + H<\/span><sub>2<\/sub>O<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span lang=\"et\">HCl + NaOH \u2192 NaCl + H<\/span><sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n<p>See reaktsioon toimub alati.<\/p>\n<p><b>2. <span lang=\"et\">HAPE + METALL \u2192 SOOL + H<\/span><sub>2<\/sub><span lang=\"et\">\u2191<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">3H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub><span lang=\"et\"> + 2Al \u2192 Al<\/span><sub>2<\/sub>(SO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub><span lang=\"et\">\u2191<\/span><\/p>\n<p>See reaktsioon ei toimu alati.\u00a0Lahjendatud hapetega reageerivad vaid need metallid, mis on vesinikust aktiivsemad ehk asuvad metallide elektrokeemilise\u00a0aktiivsuse reas vesinikust eespool ehk vesinikust vasakul pool (vt\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/book\/32-happed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/book\/32-happed\">hapete teemat<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><b><span lang=\"et\">3. HAPE + ALUSELINE OKSIID \u2192 SOOL + H<\/span><sub>2<\/sub>O<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">2HNO<sub>3<\/sub><span lang=\"et\"> + CaO \u2192 Ca(NO<\/span><sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n<p>See reaktsioon toimub alati.<\/p>\n<p><b><span lang=\"et\">4. ALUS + HAPPELINE OKSIID \u2192 SOOL + H<\/span><sub>2<\/sub>O<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">2LiOH + CO<sub>2<\/sub><span lang=\"et\">\u00a0 \u2192 Li<\/span><sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n<p>See reaktsioon toimub alati.<\/p>\n<p><b><span lang=\"et\">5. ALUSELINE OKSIID + HAPPELINE OKSIID \u2192 SOOL<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">CaO + CO<sub>2<\/sub><span lang=\"et\"> \u2192 CaCO<\/span><sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>See reaktsioon toimub alati ning tekib happelisele oksiidile vastava happe sool.<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc491b77cee-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc491b77cee-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc491b77cee-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 5<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc491b77cee-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc491b77cee-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p>Vali etteantud l\u00e4hteainete ja saaduste p\u00f5hjal \u00f5ige ja taskaalustatud reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrand.<\/p>\n<p><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 271px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/h5p\/h5p-php-library\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soolad on igap\u00e4evaelus v\u00e4ga laialdaselt kasutuses. N\u00e4iteks toitu saad maitsetada soolaga, siin m\u00f5eldakse peamiselt naatriumkloriidi ehk\u00a0NaCl. Kooki saad kergitada vesiniksoola ehk naatriumvesinikkarbonaadiga ehk NaHCO3-ga. Naatriumkloriidi\u00a0ja kaaliumkloriidi (KCl) sisaldub\u00a0mineraalvees V\u00e4rska Originaal. Soolad on ained, mis koosnevad metalli katioonist ja happej\u00e4\u00e4kioonist ehk &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-24","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":648,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24\/revisions\/648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}