{"id":22,"date":"2024-04-04T07:50:45","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/34-lahuste-keskkond\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T09:28:37","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T06:28:37","slug":"34-lahuste-keskkond","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/34-lahuste-keskkond\/","title":{"rendered":"3.4. Lahuste keskkond"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Aluste ja hapete vesilahused on enamasti l\u00e4bipaistvad. Kuidas\u00a0saame neid siis \u00fcksteisest eristada? Siinkohal tulevad meile appi indikaatorid ning lahuste keskkond.<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Allikas:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YGIzUrZKzGQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YGIzUrZKzGQ\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/YGIzUrZKzGQ<\/a><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Lahus on \u00fchtlane segu, mis koosneb lahustist ja v\u00e4hemalt \u00fchest seal lahustunud ainest, aga seda Sa juba teadsid.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Lahuse keskkond v\u00f5i<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">b olla happeline, aluseline v\u00f5i nende vahepealne ehk neutraalne. Happelist keskkonda p\u00f5hjustavad vesilahuses olevad vesinikioonid (H<sup>+<\/sup>) ning aluselist keskkonda h\u00fcdroksiidioonid (OH<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2212<\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">). Lahuse happelisuse v\u00f5i aluselisuse iseloomustamiseks kasutatakse suurust, mida<\/span><\/span><\/span> nimetatakse pH.<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> Lahuse pH v\u00e4ljendab vesinikioonide sisaldust lahuses. Vesilahuste korral j\u00e4\u00e4vad pH v\u00e4\u00e4rtused vahemikku <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">0\u202614 ning pH-d saab kujutada skaalana, kus otspunktideks ongi 0 ja 14 ning keskkohaks 7.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Neutraalses lahuses on vesinikioone ja h\u00fcdroksiidioone sama palju ning neutraalse lahuse pH = 7. Neutraalne lahus on n\u00e4iteks puhas vesi. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Happelises lahuses on vesinikioone rohkem kui h\u00fcdroksiidioone ning happelise lahuse pH &lt; 7. Happeline lahus on n\u00e4iteks s\u00f6\u00f6gi\u00e4\u00e4dikas.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Aluselises lahuses on rohkem h\u00fcdroksiidioone kui\u00a0vesinikioone ning aluselise lahuse\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">pH &gt; 7. Aluseline lahus on n\u00e4iteks kanalisatsiooni puhastusvahend Torusiil.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1594\" height=\"672\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-93\" style=\"width: 474px; height: 200px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.01.05.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.01.05.png\" alt=\"Pildi allkiri\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.01.05.png 1594w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.01.05-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.01.05-1024x432.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.01.05-768x324.png 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.01.05-1536x648.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1594px) 100vw, 1594px\"><\/p>\n<p>Siinkohal on oluline m\u00f5ista, et mida v\u00e4iksem on lahuse pH v\u00e4\u00e4rtus, seda happelisema lahusega on tegemist ja mida suurem on lahuse pH v\u00e4\u00e4rtus, seda aluselisem on lahus.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc4880c48b3-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc4880c48b3-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc4880c48b3-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc4880c48b3-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc4880c48b3-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<h2>\n\tKuidas m\u00e4\u00e4rata pH-d?<br>\n<\/h2>\n<p>\n\tLahuse pH m\u00e4\u00e4ramiseks kasutatakse indikaatoreid. Indikaator on selline aine, mille v\u00e4rvus s\u00f5ltub lahuse keskkonnast. Koolikeemias k\u00f5ige kasutatavamad indikaatorid on met\u00fc\u00fcloran\u017e, fenoolftaleiin ja universaalindikaator. Joonisel n\u00e4ed, millised on indikaatorite v\u00e4rvused erinevates keskkondades.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"754\" height=\"562\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-94\" style=\"width: 400px;height: 298px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.05.33.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.05.33.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.05.33.png 754w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.05.33-300x224.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\">\n<\/p>\n<h6>\n\t\u00dcleval met\u00fc\u00fcloran\u017e, keskel fenoolftaleiin ja all universaalindikaator<br>\n<\/h6>\n<p>\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Universaalindikaatorit kasutades saad m\u00e4\u00e4rata lahuse ligikaudse pH, kuid pH t\u00e4psemaks m\u00e4\u00e4ramiseks kasutatakse pH-meetrit \u2013\u00a0digitaalset seadet, mis m\u00f5\u00f5dab lahuse pH v\u00e4\u00e4rtuse. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc4880c48bb-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc4880c48bb-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc4880c48bb-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc4880c48bb-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc4880c48bb-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aluste ja hapete vesilahused on enamasti l\u00e4bipaistvad. Kuidas\u00a0saame neid siis \u00fcksteisest eristada? Siinkohal tulevad meile appi indikaatorid ning lahuste keskkond. Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega. Muuda n\u00f5usolekut Allikas:\u00a0https:\/\/youtu.be\/YGIzUrZKzGQ Lahus on \u00fchtlane segu, mis koosneb lahustist ja v\u00e4hemalt \u00fchest &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-22","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":535,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22\/revisions\/535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}