{"id":21,"date":"2024-04-04T07:50:45","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/43-ainete-lahustuvus-vees\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T09:33:18","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T06:33:18","slug":"43-ainete-lahustuvus-vees","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/43-ainete-lahustuvus-vees\/","title":{"rendered":"4.3. Ainete lahustuvus vees"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Lahused on k\u00f5ikjal meie \u00fcmber, n\u00e4iteks looduslik vesi, kohv, tee, s\u00f6\u00f6gi\u00e4\u00e4dikas jne. M\u00f5ned ained lahustuvad vees paremini ja m\u00f5ned halvemini. Lahustuvuse teemaga tutvumiseks vaata l\u00e4bi allj\u00e4rgnev video.<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; text-align: justify;\"><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6 style=\"border: none; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Allikas:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/qX48GTpOo-A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/qX48GTpOo-A\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/qX48GTpOo-A<\/a><\/h6>\n<p>Lahus koosneb kahest komponendist: lahustist ja lahustunud ainest. K\u00f5ige tuntum lahusti on vesi. Kui lahustada vees kristalset ainet (ainet, mille kristallv\u00f5re koosneb ioonidest v\u00f5i molekulidest), \u00fcmbritsevad vee molekulid lahustuva aine osakesi ning need l\u00e4hevad lahusesse.<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1016\" height=\"326\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-90\" style=\"width: 450px; height: 144px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.15.58.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.15.58.png\" alt=\"Joonis 1. Lahuse tekkimine.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.15.58.png 1016w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.15.58-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.15.58-768x246.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1016px) 100vw, 1016px\"><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"border: none; text-align: center;\">Lahuse tekkimine<\/h6>\n<p>Seda, kui palju ainet on v\u00f5imalik antud tingimustel vees lahustada, iseloomustab lahustuvus. Lahustuvus n\u00e4itab maksimaalset aine kogust grammides, mida on v\u00f5imalik lahustada antud temperatuuril 100 grammis lahustis. Lahustuvusest arusaamine muutub oluliseks eelk\u00f5ige lahuste valmistamisel, kui tuleb ise v\u00f5tta sobivad ainekogused v\u00f5i valida m\u00f5ne aine lahustamiseks parim lahusti. Oluline on m\u00f5ista, et aine lahustuvus esitatakse kindlal temperatuuril ning tahkete ainete lahustuvus vees temperatuuri kasvades suureneb. Kui leida erinevatel temperatuuridel lahustuva aine maksimaalne kogus, saab koostada lahustuvusk\u00f5vera. Lahustuvusk\u00f5veralt on n\u00e4ha kui palju ainet 100 grammis lahustis maksimaalselt lahustub. Lahustuvus esitataksegi alati kindlal temperatuuril ja 100 grammi lahusti kohta, n\u00e4iteks suhkru lahustuvus 20 \u00baC juures on 200 g\/ 100 g vees (andmed: <a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/chestofbooks.com\/food\/science\/Experimental-Cookery\/The-Solubility-Of-The-Sugars.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"http:\/\/chestofbooks.com\/food\/science\/Experimental-Cookery\/The-Solubility-Of-The-Sugars.html\">http:\/\/chestofbooks.com\/food\/science\/Experimental-Cookery\/The-Solubility-Of-The-Sugars.html<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"676\" height=\"876\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-91\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 389px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.18.53.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.18.53.png\" alt=\"Pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.18.53.png 676w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.18.53-232x300.png 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\"><\/p>\n<h6>Erinevate ainete lahustuvuse s\u00f5ltuvus temperatuurist. Allikas: <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/mrtangextrahelp\/19-solutions-and-solubility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/mrtangextrahelp\/19-solutions-and-solubility\">https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/mrtangextrahelp\/19-solutions-and-solubility<\/a><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Uurime joonisel \u00a0toodud lahustuvusk\u00f5veraid l\u00e4hemalt. Kui me soovime teada, kui palju lahustub kaaliumnitraati 70 \u00baC juures 100 grammis vees, tuleb k\u00f5igepealt leida \u00fcles lahustuvusk\u00f5ver, mis kirjeldab KNO<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\"> lahustuvust vees. Seej\u00e4rel leida temperatuuri teljelt 70 \u00baC, liikuda KNO<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\"> lahustuvusk\u00f5verani ning sinna j\u00f5udes liikuda vastava punktini lahustuvuse teljelt. Seej\u00e4rel saamegi graafikult lugeda, et 70 \u00baC juures lahustub KNO<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\"> 130 g\/ 100 g vees (joonisel sinine joon). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Leidmaks naatriumnitraadi lahustuvust 50 grammis vees 50 \u00baC, k\u00e4itume alguses samamoodi. Leiame \u00fcles NaNO<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\"> lahustuvusk\u00f5vera ning 50 \u00baC puutepunkti ja loeme lahustuvuse teljelt n\u00e4idu, milleks tuleb ~ 116 g\/ 100 g vees (joonisel roheline joon). Meie k\u00e4est k\u00fcsiti aga naatriumnitraadi lahustuvust 50 grammis vees 50 \u00baC juures, seega kui 100 grammis lahustub 116 grammi naatriumnitraati, siis 50 grammis vees lahustub poole v\u00e4hem. Vastuseks saamegi, et NaNO<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">-e lahustuvus 50 \u00baC 50 grammi vee kohta on 58 g. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc6fcf1af7d-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc6fcf1af7d-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc6fcf1af7d-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc6fcf1af7d-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc6fcf1af7d-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p>\n\tLahuseid saab jaotada kaheks: k\u00fcllastumata lahus ja k\u00fcllastunud lahus. K\u00fcllastumata lahuses saab antud tingimustel (temperatuur ja lahusti hulk) sama ainet veel lahustada. K\u00fcllastunud lahuse korral antud tingimustel ainet enam rohkem ei lahustu, vaid see j\u00e4\u00e4b anuma p\u00f5hja sademena.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none;text-align: center\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"458\" height=\"246\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-92\" style=\"width: 268px;height: 144px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.21.12.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.21.12.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.21.12.png 458w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_14.21.12-300x161.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\">\n<\/p>\n<h6>\n\tK\u00fcllastumata lahus (vasakul) ja k\u00fcllastunud lahus sademega (paremal)<br>\n<\/h6>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc6fcf1af83-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc6fcf1af83-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc6fcf1af83-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc6fcf1af83-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc6fcf1af83-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p>\n\tAinete lahustuvus s\u00f5ltub temperatuurist. Tahkete ainete lahustuvus tavaliselt suureneb temperatuuri t\u00f5ustes. Gaaside lahustuvus aga v\u00e4heneb temperatuuri t\u00f5ustes. Siin saab m\u00f5elda veekogude peale suvel. Hapniku lahustuvus vees v\u00e4heneb seoses vee temperatuuri t\u00f5usuga ning paljud kalad surevad hapniku puudumise t\u00f5ttu. Gaaside lahustuvust m\u00f5jutab lisaks temperatuurile ka r\u00f5hk. R\u00f5hu suurenedes gaaside lahustuvus suureneb. Siin saab analoogiat tuua gaseeritud jookidega. Kui joogid on veel avamata, on s\u00fcsihappegaas lahustunud vedelikus, kuna r\u00f5hk pudelis on suurem. Korgi avamisel v\u00e4heneb r\u00f5hk pudelis ja seet\u00f5ttu\u00a0ka s\u00fcsihappegaasi lahustuvus vedelikus ning\u00a0gaas proovib pudelist v\u00e4lja p\u00e4\u00e4seda.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tIlmselt oled m\u00e4rganud, et vahel lahustub suhkur tees kiiremini ja vahel aeglasemalt. Kristallilise aine lahustumise kiirus s\u00f5ltub mitmetest teguritest,\u00a0n\u00e4iteks aine peenestusastmest, temperatuurist, lahuse segamisest.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc6fcf1af85-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc6fcf1af85-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc6fcf1af85-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 3<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc6fcf1af85-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc6fcf1af85-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lahused on k\u00f5ikjal meie \u00fcmber, n\u00e4iteks looduslik vesi, kohv, tee, s\u00f6\u00f6gi\u00e4\u00e4dikas jne. M\u00f5ned ained lahustuvad vees paremini ja m\u00f5ned halvemini. Lahustuvuse teemaga tutvumiseks vaata l\u00e4bi allj\u00e4rgnev video. Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega. Muuda n\u00f5usolekut Allikas:\u00a0https:\/\/youtu.be\/qX48GTpOo-A Lahus koosneb kahest &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":539,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21\/revisions\/539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}