{"id":15,"date":"2024-04-04T07:50:44","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:50:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/24-oksudatsiooniaste-0\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T15:25:06","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T12:25:06","slug":"24-oksudatsiooniaste-0","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/24-oksudatsiooniaste-0\/","title":{"rendered":"2.4. Oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\r\n\tOks\u00fcdatsiooniaste (o.a) n\u00e4itab elemendi laengu suurust \u00fchendis eeldusel, et aine koosneb ioonidest. Erinevalt iooni laengust m\u00e4rgitakse oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste rooma numbriga.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tOks\u00fcdatsiooniastme m\u00e4\u00e4ramisel on oluline teada j\u00e4rgnevaid reegleid:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\telemendi o.a lihtainetes on alati 0;\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\thapniku (O) o.a \u00fchendites on \u2013II;\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tvesiniku (H) o.a \u00fchendites on I;\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tIA; IIA ja IIIA r\u00fchma elementidel on o.a \u00fchendites v\u00f5rdne r\u00fchma numbriga (n\u00e4iteks Na o.a \u00fchendis on I, Mg o.a \u00fchendis on II ja Al o.a \u00fchendis on III);\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tB-r\u00fchmade elementidel on muutuvad o.a-d, aga enamikul neist on \u00fcheks v\u00f5imalikuks o.a-ks II.\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h6>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">Allikas:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/H8ktQvCOcyw\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/H8ktQvCOcyw\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/H8ktQvCOcyw<\/a>\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKuidas o.a-d leida?\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tM\u00e4rgi \u00fchendis iga elemendi kohale, mille o.a-d kindlalt tead, tema o.a.\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tM\u00e4rgi \u00fchendis iga elemendi alla laengud, arvestades indekseid.\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tPane t\u00e4hele, et laengute kogusumma peab olema alati 0.\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tArvuta o.a\u00a0elemendile, mida Sa veel ei tea.\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\",serif\">N\u00e4ide:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tLeiame \u00fchendis SO<sub>2<\/sub> k\u00f5igi elementide o.a-d. Kuna tegemist on liitainega, siis eirame lihtaine reeglit. V\u00e4\u00e4veldioksiidi koostises on hapnik, mille oks\u00fcdatsiooniastet me teame ja selle saame m\u00e4rkida hapniku s\u00fcmboli kohale:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t\u00a0\u00a0 \u2212II<br>SO<sub>2<\/sub>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKuna \u00fchendis on 2 hapniku aatomit, siis kumbki panustab \u00fchendisse laenguga -2, seega: -2$\\times$\u00a02 = \u2212 4\u00a0 ja selle saame m\u00e4rkida vastava elemendi s\u00fcmboli alla:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u2212II<br>SO<sub>2<\/sub><br>\u00a0 \u00a0\u22124\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tSelle jaoks, et molekul koos p\u00fcsiks, peab tema kogulaeng olema 0. Kuna juba on olemas \u22124 laengut, siis 0 saamiseks tuleb talle k\u00f5rvale saada +4 laengut, j\u00e4relikult:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u2212II<br>\u00a0 SO<sub>2<\/sub><br>+4 \u22124\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKui laengute kogusumma on 0, saame leida otsitava\u00a0elemendi o.a, v\u00f5ttes arvesse, mitu aatomit on \u00fchendis. Antud juhul on ainult 1 v\u00e4\u00e4vli aatom, seega tuleb v\u00e4\u00e4vli o.a-ks\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\tIV \u2212II<br>SO<sub>2<\/sub><br>+4 \u22124\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc4919b4f20-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc4919b4f20-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc4919b4f20-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc4919b4f20-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc4919b4f20-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste (o.a) n\u00e4itab elemendi laengu suurust \u00fchendis eeldusel, et aine koosneb ioonidest. Erinevalt iooni laengust m\u00e4rgitakse oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste rooma numbriga. Oks\u00fcdatsiooniastme m\u00e4\u00e4ramisel on oluline teada j\u00e4rgnevaid reegleid: elemendi o.a lihtainetes on alati 0; hapniku (O) o.a \u00fchendites on \u2013II; vesiniku (H) &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":394,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15\/revisions\/394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}