{"id":13,"date":"2024-04-04T07:50:44","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:50:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/31-oksiidid\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T11:36:52","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T08:36:52","slug":"31-oksiidid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/31-oksiidid\/","title":{"rendered":"3.1. Oksiidid"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Oksiidide peat\u00fckis r\u00e4\u00e4gime, mis on oksiidid, kuidas oksiide nimetatakse ning nende keemilisi valemeid koostatakse. Vaatame, kuidas oksiide saab liigitada ja kuidas tekivad\u00a0oksiidid.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f5ige \u00fcldisemalt saame defineerida, et oksiidid on ained, mis koosnevad kahest elemendist, millest \u00fcks on hapnik. Oksiide leidub k\u00f5ikjal meie \u00fcmber. \u00dcks levinumaid oksiide on n\u00e4iteks vesi ehk divesinikoksiid (H<sub>2<\/sub>O). Suur osa maakoorest koosneb tahketest oksiididest, mis tuleneb sellest, et elemendid on reageerinud \u00f5huhapniku v\u00f5i veega. Samuti on enamik metalle, mis puutuvad kokku hapnikuga v\u00f5i veega, kaetud oksiidi v\u00f5i oksiidide kihiga.<\/p>\n<p>J\u00e4rgnev video v\u00f5tab kokku k\u00f5ik olulisemad oksiidide nimetamise, saamise ja keemiliste omaduste reeglid.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">Allikas: <\/span><\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mPn6iPeGfwk&amp;list=PLDWTb1SlW-s0UQDpn7rtAmyba3HoLd2xu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mPn6iPeGfwk&amp;list=PLDWTb1SlW-s0UQDpn7rtAmyba3HoLd2xu\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mPn6iPeGfwk&amp;list=PLDWTb1SlW-s0UQDpn7rtAmyba3HoLd2xu<\/span><\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"WordSection1\">\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\">Nimetamine<\/h2>\n<p><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">Oksiidide nimetamisel tuleks esmalt teada, kas tegemist on metallioksiidiga v\u00f5i mittemetallioksiidiga. <\/span><\/span>Metallioksiid\u00a0on oksiid, mis koosneb\u00a0metallilisest elemendist ja hapnikust (nt\u00a0CaO, Na<sub>2<\/sub>O). Mittemetallioksiid\u00a0on oksiid, mis k<span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">oosneb\u00a0mittemetallilisest elemendist ja hapnikust (nt\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>O, CO<sub>2<\/sub>). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/H8ktQvCOcyw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"130\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-64\" style=\"width: 60px; height: 46px; float: right;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-11_at_13.55.20.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-02-11_at_13.55.20.png\" alt=\"video\"><\/a>Korda videost \u00fcle, kuidas m\u00e4\u00e4rata oks\u00fcdatsiooniastet ja tasakaalustada \u00fchendit.<\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Metallioksiidide nimetamisel <\/span><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">tuleb eelnevalt teada, kas metall on p\u00fcsiva v\u00f5i muutuva oks\u00fcdatsiooniastmega<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">. Sellest tulenevalt on kaks metallioksiidide nimetamise reeglit:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">1. <\/span><\/span><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">metalli nimi + oksiid<\/span><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">, kui oksiidi koostises oleval metallilisel elemendil on <b>p\u00fcsiv oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste<\/b> (IA, IIA ja IIIA r\u00fchma metallilised elemendid):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">nt\u00a0CaO \u2013 kaltsiumoksiid, Na<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2013 naatriumoksiid, Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>\u2013 alumiiniumoksiid;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2. <\/span><\/span><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">metalli nimi + (o.a) + oksiid<\/span><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">, kui oksiidi koostises oleval metallilisel elemendil on <b>muutuv oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste<\/b> (\u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nud metallillised elemendid), mis tuleb k\u00f5igepealt valemis\u00a0m\u00e4\u00e4rata ning siis ka nimetamisel kasutada,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>nt<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-555 size-large\" style=\"width: 451px; height: 70px;\" title=\"kovalentne_side.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.15.34-1024x159.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.15.34-1024x159.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.15.34-300x47.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.15.34-768x119.png 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.15.34.png 1250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/p>\n<p><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">Mittemetallioksiidide n<\/span><\/span><\/b><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">imetamisel<\/span><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"> kasutatakse kreekakeelseid eesliiteid:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-556 size-full\" style=\"width: 370px; height: 104px;\" title=\"destilleeritud_vesi.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.21.07.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"722\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.21.07.png 722w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.21.07-300x84.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Eesliide k\u00e4ib selle mittemetallilise elemendi nimetuse ette, mille aatomite arvu ta n\u00e4itab, nt<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-558 size-large\" style=\"width: 442px; height: 55px;\" title=\"susihappegaas_ja_hapnik.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.28.33-1024x127.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.28.33-1024x127.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.28.33-300x37.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.28.33-768x96.png 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.28.33.png 1446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e45-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc6fcec2e45-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e45-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e45-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e45-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p>Vali oksiidi \u00f5ige nimetus.<\/p>\n<p><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 316px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div>\n<h2>Valemite koostamine<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Oksiidide valemite koostamisel tuleks l\u00e4htuda j\u00e4rgmistest reeglitest:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">kirjuta k\u00f5rvuti oksiidi moodustava metallilise v\u00f5i mittemetallilise elemendi ja hapniku s\u00fcmbolid;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">kui on tegemist mittemetallilise elemendiga, j\u00e4lgi eesliiteid ja kirjuta need vastava elemendi s\u00fcmboli j\u00e4rele indeksiks;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">kui on tegemist metallilise elemendiga, m\u00e4rgi elementide s\u00fcmbolite kohale oks\u00fcdatsiooniastmed ja tasakaalusta vajadusel valem. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N\u00e4ide 1. Koostame divesinikoksiidi valemi. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">K\u00f5igepealt m\u00e4rgi k\u00f5rvuti vesiniku ja hapniku s\u00fcmbolid: HO. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Kuna tegemist on mittemetallioksiidiga arvesta eesliiteid. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Kuna eesliide on vesiniku ees ja \u201cdi\u201d\u00a0t\u00e4hendab kahte, siis on molekulis 2 vesiniku aatomit ning molekuli valemi saame kirjutada: H<sub>2<\/sub>O.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N\u00e4ide 2. Koostame liitiumoksiidi valemi. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">K\u00f5igepealt m\u00e4rgi k\u00f5rvuti liitiumi ja hapniku s\u00fcmbolid: LiO.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Tegemist on metallioksiidiga, m\u00e4rgi elementide kohale oks\u00fcdatsiooniastmed:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"345\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-77\" style=\"width: 45px; height: 40px;\" title=\"metalliline_side.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/metalliline_side.gif\" alt=\"pilt\"><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Kuna oks\u00fcdatsiooniastmed on erineva v\u00e4\u00e4rtusega, tuleb valem tasakaalustada. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Hetkel on molekulis \u00fcks positiivne osa ja kaks negatiivset osa, et molekuli laeng oleks tervikuna null, peab v\u00f5tma ka positiivseid osasid 2 t\u00fckki, seega tuleb v\u00f5tta 2 liitiumi aatomit ja see kirjutatakse alla indeksiks.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Sellest tulenevalt kujuneb liitiumoksiid valemiks: Li<sub>2<\/sub>O.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e4b-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc6fcec2e4b-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e4b-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e4b-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e4b-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p>Milline on oksiidi \u00f5ige valem?<\/p>\n<p><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 316px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div>\n<h2>Liigitamine<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Oksiide\u00a0jaotatakse <b>metallioksiididideks<\/b> ja <b>mittemetallioksiidideks<\/b>. Samas on v\u00f5imalik neid liigitada\u00a0ka happelisteks ja aluselisteks\u00a0oksiidideks.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Happelised oksiidid <\/span><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">on hapetele <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">vastavad oksiidid. Tuntuimad happelised oksiidid on mittemetallioksiidid, nt\u00a0SO<sub>2<\/sub>, CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Aluselised oksiidid <\/span><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">on alustele vastavad oksiidid. Tavaliselt on aluselised oksiidid metallioksiidid, nt\u00a0CaO, Li<sub>2<\/sub>O. Aluselisi oksiide liigitatakse omakorda tugevalt aluselisteks oksiidideks ja n\u00f5rgalt aluselisteks oksiidideks. Tugevalt aluselised oksiidid on need oksiidid (IA ja IIA alates Ca-st metalliliste elementide oksiidid), mille reageerimisel veega moodustub leelis.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>ALUSELISED<br>(metallioksiidid)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>HAPPELISED<br>(mittemetallioksiidid) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 112.15pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"150\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"FI\" style=\"color: black;\">Li<sub>2<\/sub>O liitiumoksiid <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 115.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"155\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SO<sub>2<\/sub> v\u00e4\u00e4veldioksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 112.15pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"150\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Na<sub>2<\/sub>O naatriumoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 115.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"155\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SO<sub>3<\/sub> v\u00e4\u00e4veltrioksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 112.15pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"150\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">CaO kaltsiumoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 115.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"155\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">NO<sub>2<\/sub> l\u00e4mmastikdioksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 112.15pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"150\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">FeO raud(II)oksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 115.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"155\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">P<sub>4<\/sub>O<sub>10<\/sub> tetrafosfordekaoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e4e-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc6fcec2e4e-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e4e-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 3<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e4e-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e4e-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 729px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/h5p\/h5p-php-library\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<h2>\u00dchinemisreaktsioon<\/h2>\n<p>Sa tead juba, et oksiidid on ained, mis koosnevad kahest elemendist, millest \u00fcks on hapnik.\u00a0Kuidas oksiidid tekivad? Selle jaoks, et saaksime \u00f5ige pea minna oksiidide tekkimise juurde, vaata l\u00e4bi video, mis aitab Sul m\u00f5ista, kuidas kirjutatakse reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandeid ning kuidas tekivad oksiidid.<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6>Allikas:\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/BvZQu-lJuCQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/BvZQu-lJuCQ\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/BvZQu-lJuCQ<\/a><\/h6>\n<p>Keemilise reaktsiooni v\u00f5rrand on reaktsiooni \u00fcleskirjutus valemite abil ning annab informatsiooni reageerivatest\u00a0ja tekkivatest ainetest ehk l\u00e4hteainetest ja saadustest. L\u00e4hteained on reaktsioonis omavahel reageerivad ained ning saadused reaktsiooni k\u00e4igus tekkivad ained. Reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandis kirjutatakse l\u00e4hteained reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandi vasakule poole ning nende vahele pannakse \u201e+\u201c m\u00e4rk n\u00e4itamaks, et need ained reageerivad omavahel. Saadused kirjutatakse reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandi paremale poole ning l\u00e4hteainete muundumist saadusteks n\u00e4idatakse noolega.<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"431\" height=\"204\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-80\" style=\"width: 211px; height: 100px;\" title=\"vee_tekkereaktsioon.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/vee_tekkereaktsioon.png\" alt=\"Pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/vee_tekkereaktsioon.png 431w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/vee_tekkereaktsioon-300x142.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 431px) 100vw, 431px\"><\/p>\n<p>Nagu Sa \u00fclaltoodud jooniselt n\u00e4ed, siis vesiniku ja hapniku omavahelisel \u00fchinemisel tekib vesi. Ilmselt panid ka t\u00e4hele, et ainete \u00fcleskirjutamisel kasutatakse alaindekseid. Indeks paigutatakse vastava elemendi s\u00fcmboli alla paremale ning see v\u00e4ljendab molekulis olevate aatomite arvu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e50-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc6fcec2e50-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e50-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 4<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e50-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e50-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p>Kuidas t\u00e4histatakse \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p>Eelmisel joonisel n\u00e4ed veel, et vesiniku ja vee valemi ees on numbrid. Need on olulised, kuna reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrand peab olema tasakaalus ehk \u00fche ja sama elemendi aatomite arv reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandi vasakul ja paremal pool peab olema sama. Kui see nii ei ole, tuleb v\u00f5rrandit tasakaalustada. Tasakaalustamise juures v\u00f5id Sa reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandis aine valemite ette kirjutada kordajaid ehk koefitsiente. Kordaja n\u00e4itab reaktsioonis osalevate osakeste arvu.<\/p>\n<p>Proovime kirjutada naatriumi ja hapniku omavahelise keemilise reaktsiooni v\u00f5rrandi.<\/p>\n<p>1. Paneme kirja l\u00e4hteainete valemid ning nende vahele \u201e+\u201c m\u00e4rgi:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Na + O<sub>2<\/sub> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">2. Kuna naatrium ja hapnik reageerivad omavahel, andes uue aine, kirjutame v\u00f5rrandisse va<\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">s<span style=\"color: black;\">tava s\u00fcmbolina<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> \u201c\u2192\u201d<\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Na + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\"> \u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">3. Selle reaktsiooni k\u00e4igus tekib naatriumoksiid. Naatriumoksiidi valemi koostamisel kasutame oks\u00fcdatsiooniastmeid (kuna tegu on metallioksiidiga):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"color: black;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0I\u00a0 -II<\/span><\/span><\/span><br><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Na + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: black;\"> \u2192 Na<\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"color: black;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"color: black;\">O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\">4. N\u00fc\u00fcd kontrollime, kas reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrand on tasakaalus ning n\u00e4eme, et antud hetkel see nii ei ole.<span style=\"color: black;\"> V\u00f5rrandi vasakul pool on 1 naatriumi aatom ning 2 hapniku aatomit, kuid reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandi paremal pool on 2 naatriumi aatomit ja 1 hapniku aatom. Reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandi tasakaalustamiseks proovime k\u00f5igepealt m\u00f5lemale poole saada kaks hapniku aatomit, seega kirjutame naatriumoksiidi ette kordajaks 2:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Na + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: black;\"> \u2192 2Na<\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"color: black;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"color: black;\">O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"color: black;\">5. N\u00fc\u00fcd on paremal pool neli naatriumi aatomit (kordaja ja indeks korrutatakse) ning selle jaoks, et ka vasakul pool oleks neli naatriumi aatomit, tuleb naatriumi ette kirjutada kordajaks 4:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"color: black;\">4Na + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: black;\"> \u2192 2Na<\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"color: black;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"color: black;\">O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Sellega ongi naatriumi ja hapniku omavahelise reaktsiooni v\u00f5rrand kirjutatud ja tasakaalustat<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\">ud<span style=\"color: black;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e51-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc6fcec2e51-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e51-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 5<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e51-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e51-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p>Tasakaalusta reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandid.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<h2>Oksiidide saamine<\/h2>\n<p>Oleme k\u00e4sitlenud juba vesiniku ja hapniku ning naatriumi ja hapniku omavahelist reaktsiooni. M\u00f5lemad on \u00fchinemisreaktsioonid. \u00dchinemisreaktsioon on reaktsioon, mille k\u00e4igus ained \u00fchinevad, moodustades uue aine. \u00dcks v\u00f5imalus oksiidide saamiseks ongi just \u00fchinemisreaktsioonil.<\/p>\n<p>Oksiidid tekivad lihtaine reageerimisel hapnikuga. Reaktsiooni hapnikuga nimetatakse ka p\u00f5lemisreaktsiooniks. N\u00e4iteks baariumi reageerimist hapnikuga, mille tulemusel tekib baariumoksiid, kirjeldab j\u00e4rgnev reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrand:<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">2Ba + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\"> \u2192 2BaO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Alumiiniumi ja hapniku \u00fchinemise reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrand n\u00e4eb aga v\u00e4lja selline:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">4Al + 3O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\"> \u2192 2Al<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">O<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Veel on oluline m\u00f5ista, et metallide p\u00f5lemisel tekivad metallioksiidid ning mittemetallide p\u00f5lemisel tekivad mittemetallioksiidid. Seega n\u00e4iteks s\u00fcsiniku ja hapniku omavahelisel reaktsioonil tekib s\u00fcsinikdioksiid:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">C + O<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\"> \u2192 CO<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e53-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc6fcec2e53-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e53-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 6<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e53-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e53-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">Milline reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrand kirjeldab \u2026\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p>Oksiidid ei ole aga ainsad ained, mis tekivad lihtainete \u00fchinemisel. Niimoodi tekivad ka sulfiidid ja kloriidid (soolade aineklassi kuuluvad ained).<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e4iteks kaltsiumi ja kloori vahelisel reaktsioonil tekib kaltsiumkloriid:<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Ca + Cl<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\"> \u2192 CaCl<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Liitiumi ja v\u00e4\u00e4vli vahelisel reaktsioonil tekib aga liitiumsulfiid:<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: none; margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">2Li + S \u2192 Li<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">S<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"WordSection2\">\n<h2>Oksiidide keemilised omadused<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">S\u00f5ltuvalt sellest, kas tegemist on happelise v\u00f5i aluselise oksiidiga, on neil erinevad keemilised omadused.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">1. Happelise oksiidi reageerimisel veega moodustub hape.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h5>HAPPELINE OKSIID + H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192\u00a0HAPE<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">SO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u2192 H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CO<sub>2\u00a0<\/sub>+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"175\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-78\" style=\"width: 16px; height: 13px;\" title=\"iooniline_side.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/546\/iooniline_side.gif\" alt=\"pilt\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">P<sub>4<\/sub>O<sub>10<\/sub>\u00a0+ 6H<sub>2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u2192 4H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u2192 2HNO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">J\u00e4ta\u00a0meelde, et SiO<sub>2<\/sub> ei reageeri veega! (SiO<sub>2<\/sub> on liiva p\u00f5hikomponent.)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Oluline on meeles pidada, et oksiidis ja talle vastavas happes peab mittemetallilisel elemendil olema sama oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste (o.a). Happelised oksiidid ja neile vastavad happed on toodud tabelis 1:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">Tabel 1.<\/span><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"> Happelistele oksiididele vastavad happed<\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" border=\"1\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"170\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">HAPPELINE OKSIID<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.25pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-left: none;\" width=\"132\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">VASTAV HAPE<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 141.7pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-left: none;\" width=\"189\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">HAPPE NIMETUS<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 31.2pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"170\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">SO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"132\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 141.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"189\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">v\u00e4\u00e4vlishape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 31.2pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"170\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">SO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"132\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 141.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"189\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">v\u00e4\u00e4velhape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 31.2pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"170\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"132\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 141.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"189\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">s\u00fcsihape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 31.2pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"170\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">P<sub>4<\/sub>O<sub>10<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"132\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 141.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"189\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">fosforhape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 31.2pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"170\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"132\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">HNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 141.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"189\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">l\u00e4mmastikhape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e55-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc6fcec2e55-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e55-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 7<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e55-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc6fcec2e55-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 1066px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/h5p\/h5p-php-library\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2. Aluselise oksiidi reageerimisel veega moodustub tugev alus ehk leelis. <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h5>ALUSELINE OKSIID + H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2192\u00a0TUGEV ALUS<\/h5>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CaO + H<sub>2<\/sub>O <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Na<sub>2<\/sub>O+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> 2NaOH<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Veega reageerivad ainult IA r\u00fchma ja alates kaltsiumist (alates Ca-st) IIA r\u00fchma metallide oksiidid.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">3. Aluselise oksiidi reageerimisel happelise oksiidiga moodustub sool. <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h5>ALUSELINE OKSIID + HAPPELINE OKSIID \u2192\u00a0SOOL<\/h5>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CaO + CO<sub>2<\/sub> <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u00a0CaCO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">6Li<sub>2<\/sub>O + P<sub>4<\/sub>O<sub>10<\/sub> <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192 4Li<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">See reaktsioon toimub alati ning tekib happelisele oksiidile vastava happe sool. Happelisele oksiidile vastava happe leiad tabelist 1. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">4. Happeline oksiid reageerib alusega, moodustub sool ja vesi.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h5>HAPPELINE OKSIID + ALUS \u2192\u00a0SOOL + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/h5>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">SO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2NaOH\u00a0\u2192 Na<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0+ Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 CaCO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">See reaktsioon toimub alati.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">5. Aluseline oksiid reageerib happega, moodustub sool ja vesi.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h5>ALUSELINE OKSIID + HAPE \u2192\u00a0SOOL + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/h5>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2 HNO<sub>3<\/sub> + CaO \u2192 Ca(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2HCl +\u00a0 Na<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><sub>2<\/sub>O\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192 2NaCl +\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">See reaktsioon toimub alati.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oksiidide peat\u00fckis r\u00e4\u00e4gime, mis on oksiidid, kuidas oksiide nimetatakse ning nende keemilisi valemeid koostatakse. Vaatame, kuidas oksiide saab liigitada ja kuidas tekivad\u00a0oksiidid. K\u00f5ige \u00fcldisemalt saame defineerida, et oksiidid on ained, mis koosnevad kahest elemendist, millest \u00fcks on hapnik. Oksiide leidub &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":560,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13\/revisions\/560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/keemiaabc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}