{"id":64,"date":"2024-04-04T07:30:20","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/42-redoksreaktsioonid-0\/"},"modified":"2025-04-17T11:33:46","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T08:33:46","slug":"42-redoksreaktsioonid-0","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/42-redoksreaktsioonid-0\/","title":{"rendered":"4.2. Redoksreaktsioonid"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Meie \u00fcmber kulgeb v\u00e4ga palju keemilisi muundumisi, mida saame liigitada redoksreaktsioonide hulka. Redoksreaktsioonid on n\u00e4iteks \u00f5una l\u00f5ikepinna tumenemine \u00f5hu k\u00e4es, meie igap\u00e4evane nii m\u00e4rkamatu tegevus nagu hingamine, h\u00f5beehete tuhmumine aja jooksul, k\u00fc\u00fcnla p\u00f5lemine jne. Redoksreaktsioone selgitab siinolev video.<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6>Allikas:\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/OH5M-kREEJk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/OH5M-kREEJk\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/OH5M-kREEJk<\/a><\/h6>\n<p>Redoksreaktsioon on reaktsioon, mille toimub elektronide \u00fcleminek \u00fchelt aineosakeselt teisele, mille tulemusena muutub keemiliste elementide oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste. Redoksreaktsioonis toimub paralleelselt kaks protsessi: oks\u00fcdeerumine ja redutseerumine. Oks\u00fcdeerumine on protsess, kus aineosake loovutab elektrone ning selle k\u00e4igus elemendi oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste kasvab. Redutseerumine on vastandprotsess: aineosake liidab elektrone ning seet\u00f5ttu elemendi oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste kahaneb. Osake, mis liidab elektrone, on oks\u00fcdeerija ning osake, mis loovutab elektrone, on redutseerija.<\/p>\n<p>Lihtsam on neid uusi m\u00f5isteid meelde j\u00e4tta ja nendega tegutseda,\u00a0kui j\u00e4tad meelde seose: redutseerija reedab elektrone (annab elektrone \u00e4ra). Elektron on negatiivse laenguga ja kui aineosake annab \u00e4ra negatiivset laengut, muutub ta ise positiivsemaks ehk selle keemilise elemendi oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste suureneb. Protsess, mis redutseerijaga toimub on oks\u00fcdeerumine. Seega oks\u00fcdeerumine on elektronide loovutamise protsess ja siit edasi saad oks\u00fcdeerija ja redutseerumise m\u00f5istete t\u00e4hendused juba ise tuletada.<\/p>\n<h2>Kuidas teha kindlaks, kas tegemist on redoksreaktsiooniga?<\/h2>\n<p>Selleks tuleb anal\u00fc\u00fcsida toimuva reaktsiooni v\u00f5rrandit, leides selles k\u00f5ikide elementide oks\u00fcdatsiooniastmed. V\u00f5tame n\u00e4iteks neutralisatsioonireaktsiooni v\u00f5rrandi, kus omavahel reageerivad naatriumh\u00fcdroksiid ja vesinikkloriidhape:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">NaOH + HCl \u2192\u00a0NaCl + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>M\u00e4\u00e4rame k\u00f5ikide elementide o.a-d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\">\u00a0I\u00a0\u00a0-II\u00a0 I\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0I\u00a0-I\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I\u00a0\u00a0 -I\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0I\u00a0 -II<\/span><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\">NaOH + HCl <\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\"> NaCl + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e4eme, et mitte \u00fchegi elemendi o.a ei muutunud, j\u00e4relikult see reaktsioon pole redoksreaktsioon.<\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5891ead98c-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5891ead98c-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5891ead98c-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d5891ead98c-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5891ead98c-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 495px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/h5p\/h5p-php-library\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p>Anal\u00fc\u00fcsime magneesiumi p\u00f5lemisreaktsiooni v\u00f5rrandit:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a00\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0II\u00a0 \u00a0-II<\/span><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\">2 Mg + O<sub>2<\/sub> <\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\"> 2 MgO<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Selles v\u00f5rrandis elementide o.a-d muutuvad ja tegemist on redoksreaktsiooniga. M\u00e4\u00e4rame,\u00a0mis on oks\u00fcdeerijaks ja redutseerijaks\u00a0ning\u00a0mis oks\u00fcdeerub ja mis redutseerub. Selleks on meil abi vastavatest m\u00f5istetest.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">\u00a0 0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 II<br>\n<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Mg$\\ \\xrightarrow[]{-2e^{-}}\\ $Mg<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Nagu n\u00e4ed, magneesiumi o.a suureneb, j\u00e4relikult ta loovutab elektrone \u2013\u00a0sellest l\u00e4htuvalt on ta redutseerija ja ise oks\u00fcdeerub.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">\u00a00\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 -II<br>\n<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">O$\\ \\xrightarrow[]{+2e^{-}}\\ $O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Siin n\u00e4ed, et hapniku o.a v\u00e4heneb, seega ta liidab elektrone ja j\u00e4relikult on oks\u00fcdeerija ning ise redutseerub. J\u00e4ta meelde, et metallide reageerimisel hapnikuga k\u00e4ituvad metallid redutseerijana ja hapnik oks\u00fcdeerijana.<\/p>\n<p>Anal\u00fc\u00fcsime j\u00e4rgmisena kaltsiumi reaktsiooni v\u00e4\u00e4velhappega.\u00a0Alustuseks m\u00e4\u00e4rame taas k\u00f5ikide elementide o.a-d:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\">\u00a00\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0I\u00a0 VI -II\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0II\u00a0 VI -II\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a00<\/span><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\">Ca + H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> \u2192 CaSO<sub>4<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span>\u2191<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"ET\">Nagu n\u00e4ed, muutuvad ka selles reaktsioonis kahe elemendi o.a-d:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">\u00a00\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0II<br>\n<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Ca$\\ \\xrightarrow[]{-2e^{-}}\\ $Ca<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Kaltsiumi o.a suureneb \u2013\u00a0ta loovutab elektrone. J\u00e4relikult on ta redutseerija ja ise oks\u00fcdeerub.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">I\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<br>\n<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">H$\\ \\xrightarrow[]{+1e^{-}}\\ $H<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Vesiniku o.a v\u00e4heneb, seega ta liidab elektrone. Sellest tulenevalt on ta oks\u00fcdeerija ja ise redutseerub. Redoksv\u00f5rrandi tasakaalustmisel j\u00e4ta meelde, et oks\u00fcdeerumisel ja redutseerumisel \u00fcleminevate elektronide arv peab olema v\u00f5rdne, seega peaks viimase v\u00f5rrandi korrutama l\u00e4bi kahega.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Taas saad\u00a0meelde j\u00e4tta, et metallide reaktsioonidel hapetega k\u00e4itub metall redutseerijana ja oks\u00fcdeerijaks on vesinikioonid.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5891ead9a1-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5891ead9a1-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5891ead9a1-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d5891ead9a1-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5891ead9a1-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 316px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/plugins\/h5p\/h5p-php-library\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Meie \u00fcmber kulgeb v\u00e4ga palju keemilisi muundumisi, mida saame liigitada redoksreaktsioonide hulka. Redoksreaktsioonid on n\u00e4iteks \u00f5una l\u00f5ikepinna tumenemine \u00f5hu k\u00e4es, meie igap\u00e4evane nii m\u00e4rkamatu tegevus nagu hingamine, h\u00f5beehete tuhmumine aja jooksul, k\u00fc\u00fcnla p\u00f5lemine jne. Redoksreaktsioone selgitab siinolev video. Kolmandate osapoolte &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-64","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/64","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/64\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1247,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/64\/revisions\/1247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}