{"id":61,"date":"2024-04-04T07:30:20","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/78-orgaaniliste-ainete-klasside-kokkuvote\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T07:32:48","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:32:48","slug":"78-orgaaniliste-ainete-klasside-kokkuvote","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/78-orgaaniliste-ainete-klasside-kokkuvote\/","title":{"rendered":"7.8. Orgaaniliste ainete klasside kokkuv\u00f5te"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\tTabel 1. Orgaaniliste ainete polaarsus
\n<\/h6>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tPraktiliselt mittepolaarsed ained<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tV\u00e4hepolaarsed ained<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tM\u00f5\u00f5dukalt
polaarsed ained<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tTugevalt polaarsed ained<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tS\u00fcsivesinikud<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tEetrid, estrid, halogeeni\u00fchendid<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tAmiinid, aldeh\u00fc\u00fcdid, ketoonid<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tAmiidid, karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped, alkoholid<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

\n\tTabel 2. Aineklassid ja vesiniksidemed
\n<\/h6>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tFunktsionaalr\u00fchm\/
iseloomulik struktuuriosa<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tAineklass<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tKas molekulid annavad omavahel vesiniksidemeid?<\/b><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2013OH<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\talkohol<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tjah<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2013O\u2013<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\teeter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tei<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2013NH2<\/sub>, \u2013NHR, \u2013NR2<\/sub><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tamiin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tjah, v.a \u2013NR2<\/sub><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2013CHO<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\taldeh\u00fc\u00fcd<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tei<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2013CO\u2013<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tketoon<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tei<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2013COOH<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tkarboks\u00fc\u00fclhape<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tjah<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2013COO\u2013<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tester<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tei<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2013CONH2<\/sub>, \u2013CONHR, \u2013CONR2<\/sub><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tamiid<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tjah, v.a \u2013CONR2<\/sub><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n

\n\tOlulisemad reaktsioonid
\n<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. \n\t\talkaan + halogeen \u2192<\/span> halogeeni\u00fchend + vesinikhalogeniid (toimumiseks on vaja UV-kiirgust v\u00f5i kuumutamist)\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\talkeen + halogeen \u2192<\/span> halogeeni\u00fchend\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\talkeen + vesinikhalogeniid \u2192<\/span> halogeeni\u00fchend\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\talkeen + vesinik \u2192<\/span> alkaan (toimumiseks on vaja katal\u00fcsaatorit, nt Pt)\n\t<\/li>\n
  5. \n\t\tareen + halogeen \u2192<\/span> halogeeni\u00fchend + vesinikhalogeniid (toimumiseks v\u00f5ib olla vajalik katal\u00fcsaatori, nt Fe3+<\/sup>\u2013 v\u00f5i Al3+<\/sup>-soola\u00a0 kasutamine)\n\t<\/li>\n
  6. \n\t\talkoholi oks\u00fcdeerumine \u2192<\/span> aldeh\u00fc\u00fcd v\u00f5i ketoon\n\t<\/li>\n
  7. \n\t\taldeh\u00fc\u00fcdi oks\u00fcdeerumine \u2192<\/span> karboks\u00fc\u00fclhape\n\t<\/li>\n
  8. \n\t\tkarboks\u00fc\u00fclhape + alus \u2192<\/span> karboks\u00fc\u00fclhappe sool + vesi\n\t<\/li>\n
  9. \n\t\tkarboks\u00fc\u00fclhape + aluseline oksiid \u2192<\/span> karboks\u00fc\u00fclhappe sool + vesi\n\t<\/li>\n
  10. \n\t\tkarboks\u00fc\u00fclhape + (suhteliselt) aktiivne metall \u2192<\/span> karboks\u00fc\u00fclhappe sool + vesinik\n\t<\/li>\n
  11. \n\t\tkarboks\u00fc\u00fclhape + n\u00f5rgema\/ebap\u00fcsivama happe sool \u2192<\/span> karboks\u00fc\u00fclhappe sool + n\u00f5rgem hape (kui tekib H2<\/sub>CO3<\/sub>, laguneb see s\u00fcsinikdioksiidiks ja veeks)\n\t<\/li>\n
  12. \n\t\tkarboks\u00fc\u00fclhape + alkohol \u2192<\/span> ester + vesi (toimumiseks on vaja katal\u00fcsaatorit, nt hapet)\n\t<\/li>\n
  13. \n\t\tester + vesi \u2192<\/span> karboks\u00fc\u00fclhape + alkohol (toimumiseks on vaja katal\u00fcsaatorit, nt hapet)\n\t<\/li>\n
  14. \n\t\tester + leelis \u2192<\/span> karboks\u00fc\u00fclhappe sool + alkohol\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tabel 1. Orgaaniliste ainete polaarsus Praktiliselt mittepolaarsed ained V\u00e4hepolaarsed ained M\u00f5\u00f5dukaltpolaarsed ained Tugevalt polaarsed ained S\u00fcsivesinikud Eetrid, estrid, halogeeni\u00fchendid Amiinid, aldeh\u00fc\u00fcdid, ketoonid Amiidid, karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped, alkoholid \u00a0 Tabel 2. Aineklassid ja vesiniksidemed Funktsionaalr\u00fchm\/iseloomulik struktuuriosa Aineklass Kas molekulid annavad omavahel vesiniksidemeid? \u2013OH …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-61","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":430,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61\/revisions\/430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}