{"id":58,"date":"2024-04-04T07:30:20","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/75-karboksuulhapped\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T23:35:47","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T20:35:47","slug":"75-karboksuulhapped","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/75-karboksuulhapped\/","title":{"rendered":"7.5. Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\r\n\t\u00a0\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align:center\">\r\n\tAllikas:\u00a0<a data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cRV-yOIHj28\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cRV-yOIHj28\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/cRV-yOIHj28<\/a>\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t\u00a0\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tKarboks\u00fc\u00fclhappe \u00fcldvalem:<br><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\">R\u2013COOH<\/span><\/span><br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"198\" height=\"180\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-372\" style=\"width: 88px;height: 80px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.52.35.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.52.35.png\" alt=\"pilt\">\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKarboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped sisaldavad <b>karboks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchma \u2013COOH<\/b> ehk \u2013C(O)\u2013OH. Karboks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchm on tugevalt <b>polaarne<\/b> ja annab vesiniksidemeid, mist\u00f5ttu lahustuvad l\u00fchema ahelaga karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped vees h\u00e4sti. Tuntuimad karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped on metaanhape ehk sipelghape (HCOOH) ja etaanhape ehk \u00e4\u00e4dikhape (CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH). Pika ahelaga karboks\u00fc\u00fclhappeid nimetatakse rasvhapeteks.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1234\" height=\"146\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-373\" style=\"width: 500px;height: 59px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.52.52.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.52.52.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.52.52.png 1234w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.52.52-300x35.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.52.52-1024x121.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.52.52-768x91.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1234px) 100vw, 1234px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 1. Oktadekaanhape ehk steariinhape on t\u00fc\u00fcpiline rasvhape\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69f32fe59367c-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69f32fe59367c-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69f32fe59367c-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69f32fe59367c-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69f32fe59367c-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\tKeemilised omadused\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tNagu juba aineklassi nimest l\u00e4htub, k\u00e4ituvad karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped hapetena. V\u00f5rreldes t\u00fc\u00fcpiliste tugevate hapetega (nt HCl, HNO<sub>3<\/sub>, H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>) on karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped oluliselt n\u00f5rgemad happed, kuid siiski on nad \u00fcpris happelised ained. Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapete soolad on vastavad karboks\u00fclaadid.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKarboks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchm annab reaktsioonit\u00fc\u00fcpe, mis on iseloomulikud ka anorgaanilistele hapetele.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t1) <b>Neutralisatsioonireaktsioon<\/b>:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\tCH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>COOH + NaOH <span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\">\u2192<\/span> CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>COONa + H<sub>2<\/sub>O\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1228\" height=\"282\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-375\" style=\"width: 435px;height: 100px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_09.08.24.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-28_at_09.08.24.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_09.08.24.png 1228w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_09.08.24-300x69.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_09.08.24-1024x235.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_09.08.24-768x176.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1228px) 100vw, 1228px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t2) <b>Reaktsioon aluselise oksiidiga<\/b>:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t2 CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH + CaO <span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\">\u2192<\/span> (CH<sub>3<\/sub>COO)<sub>2<\/sub>Ca + H<sub>2<\/sub>O\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t3) <b>Reaktsioon aktiivse v\u00f5i suhteliselt aktiivse metalliga<\/b>:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t2 CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH + Ca <span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\">\u2192<\/span> (CH<sub>3<\/sub>COO)<sub>2<\/sub>Ca + H<sub>2<\/sub><span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t4) <b>Reaktsioon n\u00f5rgema\/ebap\u00fcsivama happe soolaga<\/b>:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t2 HCOOH + CaCO<sub>3<\/sub> <span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\">\u2192<\/span> (HCOO)<sub>2<\/sub>Ca + H<sub>2<\/sub>O + CO<sub>2<\/sub><span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tLisaks anorgaanilistele hapetele iseloomulikele reaktsioonidele annavad karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped ka reaktsioone, mille k\u00e4igus moodustuvad orgaanilised karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapete derivaadid \u2013 <b>estrid<\/b> v\u00f5i amiidid. Neid reaktsioone vaatlemegi j\u00e4rgnevalt.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69f32fe593682-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69f32fe593682-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69f32fe593682-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69f32fe593682-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69f32fe593682-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega. Muuda n\u00f5usolekut Allikas:\u00a0https:\/\/youtu.be\/cRV-yOIHj28 \u00a0 Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhappe \u00fcldvalem:R\u2013COOH Karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped sisaldavad karboks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchma \u2013COOH ehk \u2013C(O)\u2013OH. Karboks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchm on tugevalt polaarne ja annab vesiniksidemeid, mist\u00f5ttu lahustuvad l\u00fchema ahelaga karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped vees h\u00e4sti. Tuntuimad karboks\u00fc\u00fclhapped on metaanhape ehk sipelghape &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-58","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/58","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/58\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":628,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/58\/revisions\/628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}