{"id":54,"date":"2024-04-04T07:30:19","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/71-alkoholid\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T23:35:47","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T20:35:47","slug":"71-alkoholid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/71-alkoholid\/","title":{"rendered":"7.1. Alkoholid"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>\r\n\tAlkoholi \u00fcldvalem: <span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\">R\u2013OH<\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tAlkoholid on orgaanilised ained, milles sisaldub\u00a0<b>\u2013OH<\/b> ehk h\u00fcdroks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchm. H\u00fcdroks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchma v\u00f5ib ette kujutada kui vee molekulist vesiniku eemaldamisel saadavat r\u00fchma. Igap\u00e4evaelus kasutatakse alkoholidest k\u00f5ige enam\u00a0etanooli\u00a0(CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>OH) \u2013\u00a0lahusti, k\u00fctusena ning ka alkohoolsete jookide saamiseks.\u00a0Alkoholidega saad l\u00e4hemalt tutvuda j\u00e4rgmises videos.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h6>\r\n\tAllikas: <a data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/gf3P84DcUVM\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/gf3P84DcUVM\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/gf3P84DcUVM<\/a>\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\tAlkoholide nimetamine\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tAlkoholide nimetamisel kasutakse j\u00e4relliidet <b>-ool<\/b>. N\u00e4iteks CH<sub>3<\/sub>OH on metanool, CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>OH etanool, CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>OH propanool jne. Pikema s\u00fcsinikuahela puhul tuleb alkoholi korrektseks nimetamiseks arvestada ka seda, millise s\u00fcsinikuaatomiga on h\u00fcdroks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchm seotud.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"826\" height=\"308\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-355\" style=\"width: 402px;height: 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.26.02.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.26.02.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.26.02.png 826w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.26.02-300x112.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.26.02-768x286.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKui h\u00fcdroks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchmi on rohkem kui \u00fcks, tuleb lisada nende arvu n\u00e4itav eesliide.\u00a0\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"928\" height=\"262\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-356\" style=\"width: 425px;height: 120px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.27.03.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.27.03.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.27.03.png 928w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.27.03-300x85.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.27.03-768x217.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 928px) 100vw, 928px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tM\u00f5nede alkoholide korral kasutatakse sageli ka mittes\u00fcstemaatilisi nimetusi, n\u00e4iteks tuntakse propaan-1,2,3-triooli gl\u00fctseroolina.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d56fa912e27-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d56fa912e27-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d56fa912e27-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d56fa912e27-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d56fa912e27-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d56fa912e2b-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d56fa912e2b-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d56fa912e2b-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d56fa912e2b-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d56fa912e2b-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\tAlkoholide f\u00fc\u00fcsikalised omadused\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tAlkoholid on polaarsed ja h\u00fcdrofiilsed ained, sest alkoholide molekulide vahel on vesiniksidemed.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tAlkoholid on polaarsed ja h\u00fcdrofiilsed ained, sest alkoholide molekulide vahel on vesiniksidemed. Vesiniksidemed on tugevamad kui t\u00fc\u00fcpilised molekulidevahelised j\u00f5ud, seet\u00f5ttu on alkoholide keemistemperatuurid k\u00f5rgemad kui enamikul sarnase molekulmassiga orgaanilistel \u00fchenditel, mille molekulide vahel vesiniksidemeid ei esine (nt s\u00fcsivesinikud).\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"510\" height=\"354\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-357\" style=\"width: 250px;height: 174px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.28.28.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.28.28.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.28.28.png 510w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.28.28-300x208.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 1. Vesiniksidemed (m\u00e4rgitud punktiirjoonega) etanooli molekulide vahel\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"558\" height=\"168\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-358\" style=\"width: 250px;height: 75px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.29.23.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.29.23.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.29.23.png 558w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.29.23-300x90.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 2. Propaan-1-ooli keemistemperatuur on ligi 100 \u00b0C k\u00f5rgem kui butaani oma, ehkki nende molekulid on sarnase suurusega.\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKuna alkoholid moodustavad vesiniksidemeid ka veemolekulidega, lahustuvad l\u00fchema s\u00fcsikahelaga alkoholid vees h\u00e4sti. Esimesed kolm lineaarse ahelaga alkoholi segunevad veega igas vahekorras, s\u00fcsinikahela pikenemisel v\u00e4heneb aga ka alkoholide lahustuvus vees, sest alk\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchm on h\u00fcdrofoobne.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"352\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-359\" style=\"width: 250px;height: 176px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.30.23.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.30.23.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.30.23.png 500w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.30.23-300x211.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 3. Vesiniksidemed etanooli ja vee molekulide vahel\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<br>Tabel 1. Lihtsamate alkoholide keemistemperatuur ja lahustuvus vees\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" align=\"center\" border=\"1\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 80%\" width=\"599\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr style=\"height:25.15pt\">\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width: 74.8pt\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:25.15pt\"><b>Alkohol<\/b><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width: 74.85pt;border-left: none\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:25.15pt\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>OH<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width: 74.85pt;border-left: none\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:25.15pt\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>OH<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width: 74.85pt;border-left: none\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:25.15pt\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>OH<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width: 74.85pt;border-left: none\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:25.15pt\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>OH<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width: 74.85pt;border-left: none\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:25.15pt\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>4<\/sub>OH<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr style=\"height:38.85pt\">\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:74.8pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:38.85pt\"><b>Keemis-temperatuur, <\/b><b>\u00b0C<\/b><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:74.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:38.85pt\">65<\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:74.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:38.85pt\">78<\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:74.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:38.85pt\">97<\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:74.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:38.85pt\">117<\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:74.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:38.85pt\">138<\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr style=\"height:25.15pt\">\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:74.8pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:25.15pt\"><b>Lahustuvus vees, g\/l<\/b><\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:74.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:25.15pt\">seguneb igas vahekorras<\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:74.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:25.15pt\">seguneb igas vahekorras<\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:74.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:25.15pt\">seguneb igas vahekorras<\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:74.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:25.15pt\">73<\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:74.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"100\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"height:25.15pt\">22<\/span><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t\u00a0\u00a0\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"130\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-96\" style=\"width: 50px;height: 39px;float: right\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/popup.png\" title=\"popup.png\" alt=\"popup\">\u00a0<a href=\"#\" data-bs-toggle=\"modal\" data-bs-target=\"#popup-modal\" data-title=\"Loe lisaks: Kuidas moodustub vesinikside?\" data-content='\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\tO\u2013H ja N\u2013H sidemed on tugevalt polaarsed. Sidemeelektronide paari t\u00f5mmatakse tugevamini O v\u00f5i N aatomi juurde ning H aatomi juurde j\u00e4\u00e4b elektronide puuduj\u00e4\u00e4k. Seet\u00f5ttu on O v\u00f5i N aatomi juures negatiivne osalaeng (t\u00e4isarvulisest laengust v\u00e4iksem laeng), H aatomi juures positiivne osalaeng.\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\t&lt;img class=\"alignnone wp-image-360\" style=\"width: 150px;height: 45px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.34.50.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-28_at_08.34.50.png\" alt=\"pilt\"&gt;\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\tVesiniku positiivne osalaeng t\u00f5mbab enda juurde negatiivse osalaenguga O v\u00f5i N aatomi elektronipaari, mille k\u00e4igus moodustubki vesinikside.\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\t&lt;img class=\"alignnone wp-image-362\" style=\"width: 150px;height: 87px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.15.34.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.15.34.png\" alt=\"pilt\"&gt;\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\tVesinikside on tugevam kui t\u00fc\u00fcpilised molekulidevahelised j\u00f5ud, kuid palju n\u00f5rgem kui kovalentne side (t\u00fc\u00fcpiline vesinikside on umbes 10 korda n\u00f5rgem kui kovalentne side).\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\tVesiniksidemeid moodustab ka H\u2013F.\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\t'>Loe lisaks: Kuidas moodustub vesinikside?<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t\u00a0\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d56fa912e2e-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d56fa912e2e-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d56fa912e2e-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 3<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d56fa912e2e-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d56fa912e2e-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\tAlkoholide keemilised omadused\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tP\u00f5lemine on alkoholide <b>t\u00e4ielik oks\u00fcdeerumine<\/b>.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\r\n\t<span>CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>OH + 3 O<sub>2<\/sub> <span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\">\u2192 <\/span>2 CO<sub>2<\/sub> + 3 H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span>Alkoholid (metanool, etanool) p\u00f5levad kergesti ja neid saab kasutada ka k\u00fctusena, kuigi need annavad massi\u00fchiku kohta v\u00e4hem energiat kui s\u00fcsivesinikud. Alkoholide osalist oks\u00fcdeerumist \u00a0vaatleme hiljem.<\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span>Kuigi h\u00fcdroks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchm v\u00f5ib esmapilgul meenutada h\u00fcdroksiidiooni, on alkoholide vesilahused <b>neutraalsed<\/b>. H\u00fcdroks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchm v\u00f5ib teatud reaktsioonides, nt reageerides leelismetallidega, k\u00e4ituda isegi\u00a0happena\u00a0(nii n\u00f5rk hape, mida indikaatorid ei suuda tuvastada). Alkoholide happelised ja aluselised omadused on sarnased veele.<\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d56fa912e30-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d56fa912e30-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d56fa912e30-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 4<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d56fa912e30-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d56fa912e30-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><span><\/span><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\t<span>Alkoholide biotoime<\/span>\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tPaljud alkoholid on m\u00fcrgised. Eriti ohtlik on <b>metanool<\/b>, mille joomine v\u00f5ib ka v\u00e4ikeses koguses p\u00f5hjustada pimedaks j\u00e4\u00e4mist v\u00f5i surma. Ka <b>etanool<\/b> \u2013 alkohoolsete jookide joovastav toimeaine \u2013 on m\u00f5nev\u00f5rra m\u00fcrgine. Suhteliselt m\u00f5\u00f5dukas koguses on etanool l\u00f5\u00f5gastava ja eufooriat tekitava toimega, suuremas koguses peamiselt depressant \u2013 keskn\u00e4rvis\u00fcsteemi t\u00f6\u00f6d aeglustav aine. Suured etanoolikogused p\u00f5hjustavad uimasust, iiveldust, koordinatsiooni- ja k\u00f5neprobleeme ning m\u00e4luh\u00e4ireid, v\u00e4ga suured kogused v\u00f5ivad p\u00f5hjustada isegi teadvusekaotust v\u00f5i surma. Etanooli tarvitamine suurendab ka ohtlikesse \u00f5nnetustesse sattumise riski. Etanooli sage tarvitamine pikema ajaperioodi v\u00e4ltel t\u00f5stab v\u00e4hki haigestumise riski, v\u00f5ib p\u00f5hjustada s\u00f5ltuvust (alkoholismi) ning kahjustada maksa ja n\u00e4rvis\u00fcsteemi.\r\n<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alkoholi \u00fcldvalem: R\u2013OH Alkoholid on orgaanilised ained, milles sisaldub\u00a0\u2013OH ehk h\u00fcdroks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchm. H\u00fcdroks\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchma v\u00f5ib ette kujutada kui vee molekulist vesiniku eemaldamisel saadavat r\u00fchma. Igap\u00e4evaelus kasutatakse alkoholidest k\u00f5ige enam\u00a0etanooli\u00a0(CH3CH2OH) \u2013\u00a0lahusti, k\u00fctusena ning ka alkohoolsete jookide saamiseks.\u00a0Alkoholidega saad l\u00e4hemalt tutvuda j\u00e4rgmises videos. Kolmandate &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-54","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/54","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/54\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":751,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/54\/revisions\/751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}