{"id":4,"date":"2024-04-04T07:30:14","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/11-oksiidid\/"},"modified":"2025-04-22T11:57:47","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T08:57:47","slug":"11-oksiidid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/11-oksiidid\/","title":{"rendered":"1.1. Oksiidid"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Oksiidide peat\u00fckis r\u00e4\u00e4gime, mis on oksiidid, kuidas oksiide nimetatakse ning nende keemilisi valemeid koostatakse. Vaatame, kuidas oksiide liigitada, milliste reaktsioonidega erinevaid oksiide saab ning viimasena k\u00e4sitleme oksiidide keemilisi omadusi.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f5ige \u00fcldisemalt saame defineerida, et oksiidid on ained, mis koosnevad kahest elemendist, millest \u00fcks on hapnik. Oksiide leidub k\u00f5ikjal meie \u00fcmber. \u00dcks enam levinud oksiide on n\u00e4iteks vesi ehk divesinikoksiid (H<sub>2<\/sub>O). Suur osa maakoorest koosneb tahketest oksiididest. Samuti on enamik metalle, mis puutuvad kokku hapniku v\u00f5i veega, kaetud oksiidi- v\u00f5i oksiidide kihiga.<\/p>\n<p>J\u00e4rgnev video v\u00f5tab kokku olulisemad oksiidide nimetamise, saamise ja keemiliste omaduste reeglid.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;\"><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">Allikas: <\/span><\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mPn6iPeGfwk&amp;list=PLDWTb1SlW-s0UQDpn7rtAmyba3HoLd2xu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mPn6iPeGfwk&amp;list=PLDWTb1SlW-s0UQDpn7rtAmyba3HoLd2xu\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mPn6iPeGfwk&amp;list=PLDWTb1SlW-s0UQDpn7rtAmyba3HoLd2xu<\/span><\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"WordSection1\">\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\">Nimetamine<\/h2>\n<p><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">Oksiidide nimetamisel peab esmalt teadma, kas tegemist on metalli- v\u00f5i mittemetallioksiidiga. <\/span><\/span>Metallioksiidid\u00a0koosnevad metallilisest elemendist ja hapnikust (nt\u00a0CaO, Na<sub>2<\/sub>O). Mittemetallioksiidid k<span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">oosnevad mittemetallilisest elemendist ja hapnikust (nt\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>O, CO<sub>2<\/sub>). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/H8ktQvCOcyw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"130\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-81\" style=\"width: 60px; height: 46px; float: right;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-11_at_13.55.20.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-11_at_13.55.20.png\" alt=\"video\"><\/a><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/H8ktQvCOcyw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/H8ktQvCOcyw\">Korda videost \u00fcle, kuidas m\u00e4\u00e4rata oks\u00fcdatsiooniastet ja tasakaalustada \u00fchendit.<\/a>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h3>Metallioksiidide nimetamine<\/h3>\n<p>Metallioksiidide nimetamisel tuleb eelnevalt teada, kas metall on p\u00fcsiva oks\u00fcdatsiooniastmega v\u00f5i mitte. Sellest tulenevalt on kaks metallioksiidide nimetamis<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">e reeglit:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">1. <\/span><\/span><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">metalli nimi + oksiid<\/span><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">, kui oksiidi koostises oleval metallilisel elemendil on <b>p\u00fcsiv oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste<\/b> (I, II A\u00a0 r\u00fchmas ja III A-r\u00fchmas alumiiniumil):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">nt\u00a0CaO \u2013 kaltsiumoksiid, Na<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2013 naatriumoksiid, Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>\u2013 alumiiniumoksiid;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2. <\/span><\/span><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">metalli nimi + (o.a) + oksiid<\/span><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">, kui oksiidi koostises oleval metallilisel elemendil on <b>muutuv oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste<\/b> (\u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nud metallillised elemendid),\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>nt<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1250\" height=\"194\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-76\" style=\"width: 451px; height: 70px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.15.34.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.15.34.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.15.34.png 1250w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.15.34-300x47.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.15.34-1024x159.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.15.34-768x119.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1250px) 100vw, 1250px\"><\/p>\n<h3>Mittemetallioksiidide nimetamine<\/h3>\n<p>Mittemetallioksiidide nimetamisel<span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"> kasutatakse kreekakeelseid eesliiteid:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"722\" height=\"202\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-74\" style=\"width: 370px; height: 104px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.21.07.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.21.07.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.21.07.png 722w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.21.07-300x84.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Eesliide k\u00e4ib selle mittemetallilise elemendi nimetuse ette, mille aatomite arvu ta n\u00e4itab, nt<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1446\" height=\"180\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-75\" style=\"width: 442px; height: 55px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.28.33.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.28.33.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.28.33.png 1446w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.28.33-300x37.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.28.33-1024x127.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_09.28.33-768x96.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1446px) 100vw, 1446px\"><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5890dafbbf-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5890dafbbf-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5890dafbbf-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d5890dafbbf-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5890dafbbf-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p>Vali oksiidi \u00f5ige nimi.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div>\n<h2>Valemite koostamine<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Oksiidide valemite koostamisel tuleb l\u00e4htuda j\u00e4rgmistest reeglitest:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">kirjuta k\u00f5rvuti oksiidi moodustava metallilise v\u00f5i mittemetallilise elemendi ja hapniku s\u00fcmbolid;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">kui on tegemist mittemetallilise elemendiga, siis j\u00e4lgi eesliiteid ja kirjuta need vastava elemendi s\u00fcmboli j\u00e4rele indeksisse;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">kui on tegemist metallilise elemendiga, m\u00e4rgi elementide s\u00fcmbolite kohale oks\u00fcdatsiooniastmed ja tasakaalusta vajadusel valem. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N\u00e4ide 1. Koostame divesinikoksiidi valemi. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">K\u00f5igepealt m\u00e4rgi k\u00f5rvuti vesiniku ja hapniku s\u00fcmbolid: HO. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Kuna tegemist on mittemetallioksiidiga, arvesta eesliiteid. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Kuna eesliide on vesiniku ees ja di- t\u00e4hendab kahte, siis on molekulis 2 vesiniku aatomit ning molekuli valemi saame kirjutada\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>O.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N\u00e4ide 2. Koostame liitiumoksiidi valemi. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">K\u00f5igepealt m\u00e4rgi k\u00f5rvuti liitiumi ja hapniku s\u00fcmbolid: LiO.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Tegemist on metallioksiidiga, m\u00e4rgi elementide kohale oks\u00fcdatsiooniastmed:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"225\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-83\" style=\"width: 58px; height: 50px;\" title=\"thumbnail_image001_02.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/thumbnail_image001_02.png\" alt=\"pilt\"><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Kuna oks\u00fcdatsiooniastmed on erineva v\u00e4\u00e4rtusega, tuleb valem tasakaalustada. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Hetkel on liitiumi aatomil positiivne laeng ja hapniku aatomil kaks negatiivset laengut.\u00a0Selleks, et\u00a0\u00fchendi laeng oleks tervikuna null, peab v\u00f5tma\u00a0kaks positiivselt laetud liitiumi aatomit, see kirjutatakse alla indeksisse.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Sellest tulenevalt kujuneb liitiumoksiidi\u00a0valemiks\u00a0Li<sub>2<\/sub>O.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5890dafbc7-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5890dafbc7-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5890dafbc7-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d5890dafbc7-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5890dafbc7-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p>Milline on oksiidi \u00f5ige valem?<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div>\n<h2>Oksiidide liigitamine<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Oksiidid jaotatakse <b>metallioksiididideks<\/b> ja <b>mittemetallioksiidideks<\/b>. Samas on v\u00f5imalik neid jaotada ka happelisteks, aluselisteks, neutraalseteks ja amfoteerseteks oksiidideks.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Happelised oksiidid on hapetele v<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">astavad oksiidid, mis tuleneb sellest, et enamik happelisi oksiide reageerib veega ja moodustub hape. Tuntuimad happelised oksiidid on mittemetallioksiidid, nt\u00a0SO<sub>2<\/sub>, CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Aluselised oksiidid on alustele vastav<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">ad oksiidid, mis tuleneb sellest, et enamik aluselisi oksiide reageerib veega ja moodustub alus<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">. Tavaliselt on aluselised oksiidid metallioksiidid, nt\u00a0CaO, Li<sub>2<\/sub>O.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Neutraalsed oksiidid on oksiidid,<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> millel puuduvad nii aluselised kui ka happelised omadused, nt\u00a0CO, NO ja N<sub>2<\/sub>O. Need oksiidid ei reageeri aluste, hapete ega veega.<i> <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Amfoteersed oksiidid on oksiidid, millel on kor<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">raga nii aluselised kui ka happelised omadused ehk need oksiidid reageerivad nii aluste kui ka hapetega, nt\u00a0Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>, ZnO, Cr<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Eri liiki oksiidide n\u00e4ited leiad allolevast tabelist, kus \u00fchendi all on \u00e4ra toodud selle nimi:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>ALUSELISED<br>(metall+hapnik)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>HAPPELISED<br>(mittemetall+hapnik) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>NEUTRAALSED<br>(mittemetall+hapnik)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>AMFOTEERSED<\/strong><br><b>(metall+hapnik)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 112.15pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"150\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"FI\" style=\"color: black;\">Li<sub>2<\/sub>O<br>liitiumoksiid <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 115.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"155\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SO<sub>2<\/sub><br>v\u00e4\u00e4veldioksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 115.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"155\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">H<sub>2<\/sub>O<br>divesinikoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 109.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"145\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">ZnO<br>tsinkoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 112.15pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"150\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Na<sub>2<\/sub>O<br>naatriumoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 115.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"155\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SO<sub>3<\/sub><br>v\u00e4\u00e4veltrioksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 115.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"155\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">CO<br>s\u00fcsinikoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 109.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"145\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">BeO<br>ber\u00fclliumoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 112.15pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"150\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">CaO<br>kaltsiumoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 115.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"155\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">NO<sub>2<\/sub><br>l\u00e4mmastikdioksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 115.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"155\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">N<sub>2<\/sub>O<br>dil\u00e4mmastikoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 109.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"145\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub><br>alumiiniumoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 112.15pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"150\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">MgO<br>magneesiumoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 115.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"155\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">P<sub>4<\/sub>O<sub>10<\/sub><br>tetrafosfordekaoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 115.95pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"155\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">NO<br>l\u00e4mmastikoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 109.05pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"145\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">PbO<br>plii(II)oksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5890dafbcb-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5890dafbcb-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5890dafbcb-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 3<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d5890dafbcb-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5890dafbcb-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"WordSection1\">\n<h2>Oksiidide saamine<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Nagu alguses juba mainitud, puutume\u00a0igap\u00e4evaelus kokku v\u00e4ga paljude erinevate oksiididega (H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2013 vesi, \u00f5hus leidub veel lisaks CO<sub>2<\/sub>, CO, NO, NO<sub>2<\/sub> jne, maakoores SiO<sub>2<\/sub>, CaO, MgO jne). \u00dcks peamisi\u00a0p\u00f5hjuseid, miks oksiide nii laialdaselt leidub, on see, et oksiidid tekivad v\u00e4ga kergesti liht<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2013 v\u00f5i liitaine <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">kokkupuutel \u00f5huhapnikuga.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">1. Oksiidid tekivad liht- v\u00f5i liitainete reageerimisel hapnikuga.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"WordSection2\">\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2 Ca + O<sub>2<\/sub> <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> 2 CaO <\/span><\/span><\/span><br><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">4 Al + 3 O<sub>2<\/sub> <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> 2 Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><br><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CH<sub>4<\/sub> + 2 O<sub>2<\/sub> <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> + 2 H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Reageerimist hapnikuga nimetatakse ka p\u00f5lemisreaktsiooniks. Metallide p\u00f5lemisel tekivad aluselised oksiidid ning mittemetallide p\u00f5lemisel <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">happelised oksiidid.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Oksiide saab toota ka t\u00f6\u00f6stuslikult, n\u00e4iteks soolade kuumutamisel k\u00f5rgetel temperatuuridel. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Oksiidide teke soolade <\/strong><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">termilisel lagunemisel.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CaCO<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\">3<\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> (t)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"70\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-72\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 28px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-01-03_at_10.03.44.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-03_at_10.03.44.png\" alt=\"nool\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> CaO(t) + CO<sub>2<\/sub>(g)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Lubjakivi (CaCO<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"ET\">3<\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">) kuumutamisel p\u00f5hineb\u00a0kustutamata lubja (CaO) tootmine.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Oksiidide teke rasklahustuvate h\u00fcdroksiidide termilisel lagunemisel.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2 Al(OH)<sub>3<\/sub> (t) \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"70\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-72\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 28px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-01-03_at_10.03.44.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-03_at_10.03.44.png\" alt=\"nool\"> <span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>(t)+ 3 H<sub>2<\/sub>O(g)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Cu(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> (t)<\/span><\/span> <span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"70\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-72\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 28px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-01-03_at_10.03.44.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-03_at_10.03.44.png\" alt=\"nool\"> <span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CuO(t) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(v) (Joonis 1)<u> <\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>(t) \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"70\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-72\" style=\"width: 20px; height: 28px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-01-03_at_10.03.44.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-03_at_10.03.44.png\" alt=\"nool\"> <span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> CaO(t) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(g)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">(Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> \u2013 kustutatud lubi; CaO \u2013 kustutamata lubi)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"754\" class=\"wp-image-73 aligncenter\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 358px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-01-25_at_12.09.46.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-25_at_12.09.46.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-25_at_12.09.46.png 632w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-25_at_12.09.46-251x300.png 251w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\"><\/p>\n<h6><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Joonis 1.<\/span><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> Pildil on illustreeritud oksiidi teke rasklahustuvast\u00a0h\u00fcdroksiidist, Cu(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>-st. Laborites saab sellist katset l\u00e4bi viia, kuumutades sinist v\u00e4rvi tahket Cu(OH)<sub>2<\/sub> piirituslambi kohal. Tekkinud must sade on CuO. <b>V\u00e4rvuse muutumine on \u00fcks keemilise reaktsiooni tunnuseid.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<h2>Oksiidide keemilised omadused<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">S\u00f5ltuvalt sellest, kas tegemist on happelise, aluselise, amfoteerse v\u00f5i neutraalse oksiidiga, on oksiididel erinevad keemilised omadused ehk v\u00f5ime reageerida teiste ainetega.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">1. Happelise oksiidi reageerimisel veega moodustub hape.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h5>HAPPELINE OKSIID + H<sub>2<\/sub>O = HAPE<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">SO<sub>3<\/sub>(t) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(v) \u2192 H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>(l) v\u00e4\u00e4velhape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">SO<sub>2<\/sub>(g)+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O(v) <\/span><\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"76\" height=\"62\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-78\" style=\"width: 16px; height: 13px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.19.15.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.19.15.png\" alt=\"pilt\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>3<\/sub>(l) v\u00e4\u00e4vlishape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CO<sub>2<\/sub>(g)+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O(v) <\/span><\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"76\" height=\"62\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-78\" style=\"width: 16px; height: 13px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.19.15.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.19.15.png\" alt=\"pilt\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub>(l) s\u00fcsihape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">P<sub>4<\/sub>O<sub>10<\/sub>(t) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(v) \u2192 H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub>(l) fosforhape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>(g) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(v) \u2192 HNO<sub>3<\/sub>(l) l\u00e4mmastikhape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">SiO<sub>2<\/sub> on happeline oksiid, kuid veega ei reageeri, on liiva p\u00f5hikomponent.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Oluline on meeles pidada, et oksiidis ja talle vastavas happes peab mittemetallilisel elemendil olema sama oks\u00fcdatsiooniaste (o.a). Happelised oksiidid ja neile vastavad happed on toodud tabelis 1.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">Tabel 1.<\/span><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"> Happelistele oksiididele vastavad happed<\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" border=\"1\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"170\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">HAPPELINE OKSIID<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.25pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-left: none;\" width=\"132\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">VASTAV HAPE<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 141.7pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-left: none;\" width=\"189\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">HAPPE NIMETUS<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 31.2pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"170\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">SO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"132\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 141.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"189\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">v\u00e4\u00e4vlishape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 31.2pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"170\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">SO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"132\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 141.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"189\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">v\u00e4\u00e4velhape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 31.2pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"170\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"132\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">H<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 141.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"189\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">s\u00fcsihape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 31.2pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"170\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">P<sub>4<\/sub>O<sub>10<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"132\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 141.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"189\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">fosforhape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 31.2pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-top: none;\" width=\"170\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">N<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"132\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">HNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 141.7pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solidwindowtext1.0pt; border-right: solidwindowtext1.0pt;\" width=\"189\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"height: 31.2pt;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">l\u00e4mmastikhape<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5890dafbce-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5890dafbce-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5890dafbce-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 4<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d5890dafbce-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5890dafbce-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2. Aluselise oksiidi reageerimisel veega moodustub tugev alus ehk leelis. <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h5>ALUSELINE OKSIID + H<sub>2<\/sub>O = TUGEV ALUS<\/h5>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CaO + H<sub>2<\/sub>O <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Na<sub>2<\/sub>O+ H<sub>2<\/sub>O <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> 2 NaOH<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Veega reageerivad ainult I A r\u00fchma ja alates kaltsiumist II A r\u00fchma metallide oksiidid (magneesium reageerib veega halvasti, ainult kuumutamisel).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"680\" height=\"620\" class=\"wp-image-79 aligncenter\" style=\"width: 350px; height: 319px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-10_at_07.51.45.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_07.51.45.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_07.51.45.png 680w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-10_at_07.51.45-300x274.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\"><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Joonis 2. Sinisega on m\u00e4rgitud metallid, mille oksiidid reageerivad veega tavatingimustel ja tekib tugev alus ehk leelis.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Tabel 2. Aluselistele oksiididele vastavad alused<\/h6>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" align=\"center\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\">\n<tbody>\n<tr role=\"row\">\n<td role=\"rowheader\" data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>ALUSELINE OKSIID<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td role=\"columnheader\" data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>VASTAV ALUS<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td role=\"columnheader\" data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>ALUSE NIMETUS<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr role=\"row\">\n<td role=\"rowheader\" data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Li<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2013 liitiumioksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">LiOH<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">liitiumh\u00fcdroksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr role=\"row\">\n<td role=\"rowheader\" data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Na<sub>2<\/sub>O \u2013 naatriumoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">NaOH<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">naatriumh\u00fcdroksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr role=\"row\">\n<td role=\"rowheader\" data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">CaO \u2013 kaltsiumoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">kaltsiumh\u00fcdroksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr role=\"row\">\n<td role=\"rowheader\" data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">BaO \u2013 baariumoksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Ba(OH)<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">baariumh\u00fcdroksiid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\">3. Amofoteersed ja neutraalsed oksiidid ei reageeri veega.<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">Amfoteersed oksiidid (Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><sub>3<\/sub><\/span>) ja neutraalsed oksiidid veega ei reageeri (NO, N<sub>2<\/sub>O, CO jt).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">4. Aluselise oksiidi reageerimisel happelise oksiidiga moodustub sool. <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h5>ALUSELINE OKSIID + HAPPELINE OKSIID = SOOL<\/h5>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CaO + CO<sub>2<\/sub> <\/span><\/span><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"76\" height=\"62\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-78\" style=\"width: 16px; height: 13px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.19.15.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-01-26_at_11.19.15.png\" alt=\"pilt\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u00a0CaCO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">6 Li<sub>2<\/sub>O + P<sub>4<\/sub>O<sub>10<\/sub> <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u2192 4 Li<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">See reaktsioon toimub alati ning tekib happelisele oksiidile vastava happe sool. Happelisele oksiidile vastava happe leiad tabelist 1. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">5. Happeline oksiid reageerib alusega, moodustub sool ja vesi.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h5>HAPPELINE OKSIID + ALUS = SOOL + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/h5>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">SO<sub>2<\/sub>(g) + 2 NaOH(l) \u2192 Na<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>3<\/sub>(l) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(v)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CO<sub>2<\/sub>(g) + Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>(l) \u2192 CaCO<sub>3<\/sub>(t) + H<sub>2<\/sub>O(v)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">See reaktsioon toimub alati.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">6. Aluseline oksiid reageerib happega, moodustub sool ja vesi.<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h5>ALUSELINE OKSIID + HAPE\u00a0= SOOL + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/h5>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">2 HNO<sub>3<\/sub> + CaO \u2192 Ca(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">See reaktsioon toimub alati.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oksiidide peat\u00fckis r\u00e4\u00e4gime, mis on oksiidid, kuidas oksiide nimetatakse ning nende keemilisi valemeid koostatakse. Vaatame, kuidas oksiide liigitada, milliste reaktsioonidega erinevaid oksiide saab ning viimasena k\u00e4sitleme oksiidide keemilisi omadusi. K\u00f5ige \u00fcldisemalt saame defineerida, et oksiidid on ained, mis koosnevad kahest &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1283,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4\/revisions\/1283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}