{"id":38,"date":"2024-04-04T07:30:17","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:30:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/64-alkaanid\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T23:35:49","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T20:35:49","slug":"64-alkaanid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/64-alkaanid\/","title":{"rendered":"6.4. Alkaanid"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>\r\n\tAlkaanid on s\u00fcsivesinikud, mille struktuuris esinevad ainult \u00fcksiksidemed.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tAlkaanid on k\u00fcllastunud s\u00fcsivesinikud, mille struktuuris esinevad ainult \u00fcksiksidemed (st puuduvad kordsed sidemed). Alkaanid v\u00f5ivad olla nii sirge kui ka hargneva ahelaga. Lisaks v\u00f5ivad alkaanide molekulide ahelad moodustada ts\u00fckleid (ts\u00fckloalkaane). Alkaane kutsutakse\u00a0\u201ck\u00fcllastunud s\u00fcsivesinikeks\u201d seet\u00f5ttu, et\u00a0need ei ole v\u00f5imelised osalema liitumisreaktsioonides. Alkaanide, nende omaduste, nimetamise ja isomeeridega saad tutvuda j\u00e4rgnevas videos.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h6>\r\n\tAllikas:\u00a0<a data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/F27sXv0K2Oo\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/F27sXv0K2Oo\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/F27sXv0K2Oo<\/a>\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\tAlkaanide nimetamine\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tAlkaanide nimetamisel kasutatakse j\u00e4relliidet <b>-aan<\/b>. On v\u00e4ga oluline \u00f5ppida p\u00e4he esimese k\u00fcmne sirge ahelaga alkaani nimetused, sest nendel p\u00f5hineb suurel m\u00e4\u00e4ral ka teistesse aineklassidesse kuuluvate orgaaniliste \u00fchendite nimetamine. Sirge ahelaga alkaanide nimetuste \u00f5ppimise muudab lihtsamaks see, et alates viies\u00fcsinikulistest ahelatest l\u00e4htub alkaani nimetus lihtsalt s\u00fcsinike arvu m\u00e4rkivast t\u00fcvest (analoogiliselt eesliidetele oksiidide nimetamisel), mille l\u00f5ppu on lisatud -aan.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tTabel 1. Sirge ahelaga alkaanide nimetused\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" align=\"center\" border=\"1\" style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse\" width=\"708\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width: 25.35pt\" width=\"34\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><b>C arv<\/b><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width: 49.35pt;border-left: none\" width=\"66\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><b>Nimetus<\/b><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width: 235.9pt;border-left: none\" width=\"315\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><b>Tasapinnaline<br>struktuurivalem<\/b><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width: 156.95pt;border-left: none\" width=\"209\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><b>Lihtsustatud<br>struktuurivalem<\/b><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width: 63.8pt;border-left: none\" width=\"85\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\"><b>Summaarne valem<\/b><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:25.35pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"34\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">1<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:49.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"66\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">metaan<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:235.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"315\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"158\" height=\"132\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-249\" style=\"width: 72px;height: 60px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.06.18.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.06.18.png\" alt=\"pilt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:156.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"209\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">CH<sub>4<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"85\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">CH<sub>4<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:25.35pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"34\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">2<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:49.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"66\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">etaan<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:235.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"315\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"212\" height=\"132\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-259\" style=\"width: 96px;height: 60px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.12.39.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.12.39.png\" alt=\"pilt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:156.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"209\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"85\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:25.35pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"34\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">3<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:49.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"66\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">propaan<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:235.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"315\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"262\" height=\"132\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-251\" style=\"width: 119px;height: 60px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.06.44.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.06.44.png\" alt=\"pilt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:156.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"209\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"85\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>8<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:25.35pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"34\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">4<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:49.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"66\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">butaan<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:235.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"315\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"326\" height=\"132\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-252\" style=\"width: 148px;height: 60px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.06.54.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.06.54.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.06.54.png 326w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.06.54-300x121.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 326px) 100vw, 326px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:156.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"209\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"85\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">C<sub>4<\/sub>H<sub>10<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:25.35pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"34\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">5<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:49.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"66\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">pentaan<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:235.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"315\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"382\" height=\"132\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-253\" style=\"width: 174px;height: 60px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.05.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.05.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.05.png 382w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.05-300x104.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:156.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"209\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"85\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">C<sub>5<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:25.35pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"34\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">6<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:49.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"66\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">heksaan<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:235.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"315\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"446\" height=\"132\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-254\" style=\"width: 203px;height: 60px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.15.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.15.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.15.png 446w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.15-300x89.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:156.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"209\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"85\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>14<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:25.35pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"34\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">7<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:49.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"66\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">heptaan<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:235.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"315\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"506\" height=\"132\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-255\" style=\"width: 230px;height: 60px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.25.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.25.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.25.png 506w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.25-300x78.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:156.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"209\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"85\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">C<sub>7<\/sub>H<sub>16<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:25.35pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"34\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">8<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:49.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"66\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">oktaan<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:235.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"315\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"570\" height=\"132\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-256\" style=\"width: 259px;height: 60px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.43.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.43.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.43.png 570w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.43-300x69.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:156.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"209\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"85\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">C<sub>8<\/sub>H<sub>18<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:25.35pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"34\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">9<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:49.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"66\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">nonaan<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:235.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"315\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"132\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-257\" style=\"width: 287px;height: 60px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.55.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.55.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.55.png 632w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.07.55-300x63.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:156.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"209\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"85\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">C<sub>9<\/sub>H<sub>20<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:25.35pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"34\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">10<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:49.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"66\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">dekaan<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:235.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"315\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"688\" height=\"132\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-258\" style=\"width: 313px;height: 60px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.08.06.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.08.06.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.08.06.png 688w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.08.06-300x58.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:156.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"209\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:63.8pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"85\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:normal\">C<sub>10<\/sub>H<sub>22<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<br>Hargnenud ahelaga alkaanide nimetamisel tuleb molekuli k\u00f5ige pikemale s\u00fcsinikahelale vastava alkaani nimetus v\u00f5tta t\u00fcvi\u00fchendi nimetuseks, mille ette kirjutatakse asendusr\u00fchmade (p\u00f5hiahelast hargnevate k\u00fclgahelate) asukohta p\u00f5hiahela suhtes m\u00e4rkivad numbrid ja r\u00fchmade nimetused. P\u00f5hiahela s\u00fcsinikuaatomid peab nummerdama nii, et r\u00fchmade asendeid kirjeldavad numbrid tuleksid v\u00f5imalikult v\u00e4ikesed.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tR\u00fchma nimetus on sarnane vastava alkaani nimetusele, ainult -aan liite asemel on <b>-\u00fc\u00fcl<\/b>: met\u00fc\u00fcl, et\u00fc\u00fcl, prop\u00fc\u00fcl jne.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tAsukoha nr + (vajadusel eesliide) + r\u00fchma nimetus + t\u00fcvi\u00fchendi nimetus.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKui \u00fchesuguseid r\u00fchmi\u00a0on mitu, siis kasutatakse nende arvu m\u00e4rkimiseks kreeka keelest p\u00e4rit eesliidet.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tMono \u2013 \u00fcks\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tDi \u2013 kaks\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tTri \u2013 kolm\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tTetra \u2013 neli\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tPenta \u2013 viis\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tHeksa \u2013 kuus\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tHepta \u2013 seitse\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tOkta \u2013 kaheksa\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tNona \u2013 \u00fcheksa\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t\tDeka \u2013 k\u00fcmme\r\n\t<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tPraktikas j\u00e4etakse eesliide \u201cmono\u201d enamasti \u00e4ra.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKui erinevat t\u00fc\u00fcpi asendusr\u00fchmi on mitu, siis m\u00e4rgitakse need t\u00e4hestiku j\u00e4rjekorras (koos vastavate asukohanumbrite ja eesliidetega) t\u00fcvi\u00fchendi ette. Seet\u00f5ttu m\u00e4rgitakse alkaani nimetuses n\u00e4iteks et\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchm enne met\u00fc\u00fclr\u00fchma.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"906\" height=\"558\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-260\" style=\"width: 400px;height: 246px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.13.54.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.13.54.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.13.54.png 906w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.13.54-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.13.54-768x473.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 906px) 100vw, 906px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 1. N\u00e4iteid hargnenud alkaanide nimetamisest\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d56f99de75e-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d56f99de75e-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d56f99de75e-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d56f99de75e-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d56f99de75e-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d56f99de776-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d56f99de776-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d56f99de776-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d56f99de776-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d56f99de776-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\tAlkaanide f\u00fc\u00fcsikalised omadused\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tAlkaanide f\u00fc\u00fcsikalised omadused s\u00f5ltuvad molekulide suurusest.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tK\u00f5igi ainete, ka alkaanide\u00a0puhul\u00a0kasvavad molekuli\u00a0suuruse kasvuga ka molekulidevahelised j\u00f5ud, mist\u00f5ttu t\u00f5useb ainete keemistemperatuur. \u00dche- kuni neljas\u00fcsinikulised alkaanid on toatemperatuuril gaasid. Kui s\u00fcsinikuaatomite arv alkaanis on 5\u201318, on nad enamasti vedelikud, suurema molekuliga alkaanid on tahked ained. Alkaanide sulamis- ja keemistemperatuurid s\u00f5ltuvad ka nende ahelate kujust. Sirge ahelaga alkaanide sulamis- ja keemistemperatuurid on \u00fcldreeglina k\u00f5rgemad kui sama C- ja H-aatomite arvuga hargnenud alkaanidel. Mida hargnenum on alkaani struktuur, seda madalam on \u00fcldiselt tema sulamis- ja keemistemperatuur. Sirge ahelaga alkaanid paigutuvad paremini \u00fcksteise k\u00f5rvale ja omavad suuremat efektiivset kokkupuutepinda kui hargnenud ahelaga alkaanid. Seet\u00f5ttu m\u00f5juvad sirge ahelaga alkaanimolekulide vahel ka tugevamad molekulidevahelised j\u00f5ud.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1174\" height=\"236\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-261\" style=\"width: 398px;height: 80px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.15.12.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.15.12.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.15.12.png 1174w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.15.12-300x60.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.15.12-1024x206.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.15.12-768x154.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1174px) 100vw, 1174px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6>\r\n\t<i>Joonis 2. Heksaani (vasakul) keemistemperatuur on 69 <\/i><i>\u00b0C, 2,2-dimet\u00fc\u00fclbutaani (paremal) keemistemperatuur on aga 50 <\/i><i>\u00b0C. Kuigi nende \u00fchendite molekulivalem on sama, on 2,2-dimet\u00fc\u00fclbutaani molekulid kerakujulisemad ja neid ei saa nii efektiivselt \u00fcksteise k\u00f5rvale paigutada kui sirge ahelaga molekule, mist\u00f5ttu on molekulidevahelised j\u00f5ud n\u00f5rgemad<\/i>\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tAlkaanid on mittepolaarsed ja h\u00fcdrofoobsed \u00fchendid, mis\u00a0ei anna vesiniksidemeid.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tAlkaanid on mittepolaarsed \u00fchendid, sest sisaldavad ainult praktiliselt mittepolaarseid C\u2013H sidemeid ega saa moodustada vesiniksidemeid. Seet\u00f5ttu lahustuvad alkaanid polaarsetes lahustites halvasti ja on vees praktiliselt mittelahustuvad. Alkaanid on h\u00fcdrofoobsed ehk vett-t\u00f5rjuvad ained. Vedelad ja tahked alkaanid on veest kergemad (v\u00e4iksema tihedusega) ained.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d56f99de778-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d56f99de778-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d56f99de778-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 3<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d56f99de778-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d56f99de778-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\tAlkaanide keemilised omadused\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tAlkaanid on v\u00e4ga inertsed ning tavatingimustes ei reageeri praktiliselt millegagi. K\u00f5rgemal temperatuuril alkaanid s\u00fcttivad ning reageerivad hapnikuga ehk p\u00f5levad. Alkaanide p\u00f5lemine on \u00fcks t\u00e4htsamaid reaktsioone, mille saadusteks on vesi ja s\u00fcsihappegaas (t\u00e4ieliku p\u00f5lemise korral ehk piisaval hapniku ligip\u00e4\u00e4sul). Alkaanide p\u00f5lemise k\u00e4igus vabaneb palju ka\u00a0energiat ning seet\u00f5ttu kasutatakse alkaane k\u00fctusena. N\u00e4iteks propaan p\u00f5leb j\u00e4rgneva v\u00f5rrandi kohaselt:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1226\" height=\"124\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-262\" style=\"width: 297px;height: 30px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.16.05.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.16.05.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.16.05.png 1226w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.16.05-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.16.05-1024x104.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_15.16.05-768x78.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1226px) 100vw, 1226px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 3. Propaani p\u00f5lemine\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tMugavam on sama reaktsiooni v\u00e4ljendada propaani molekulivalemit kasutades:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tC<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>8<\/sub> + 5O<sub>2<\/sub> <span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\">\u2192 <\/span>3CO<sub>2<\/sub> + 4H<sub>2<\/sub>O\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tAlkaanidele on iseloomulikud asendusreaktsioonid halogeenidega. Asendusreaktsioon on reaktsioon, mille k\u00e4igus molekulis asendatakse mingi aatom (v\u00f5i aatomite r\u00fchm) teise aatomi (v\u00f5i aatomite r\u00fchmaga). Need reaktsioonid on t\u00f6\u00f6stuses v\u00e4ga olulised, sest v\u00f5imaldavad saada alkaanidest reaktsiooniv\u00f5imelisemaid \u00fchendeid.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tAlkaanidele on iseloomulikud asendusreaktsioonid.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tAsendusreaktsioon halogeeniga vajab esmalt halogeenimolekulide lagundamist aatomiteks, mis on radikaalid \u2013 paardumata elektroniga osakesed. Reaktsiooni saadusteks on halogenoalkaan, kus \u00fcks v\u00f5i mitu vesinikku alkaanis on asendunud halogeeniaatomiga, ning vesinikhalogeniid. Mida hargnenum on s\u00fcsinikahel C\u2013H sideme juures, seda kiiremini sideme H-aatom halogeenimisreaktsioonis asendub. Samas pole need reaktsioonid v\u00e4ga selektiivsed ja seet\u00f5ttu tekib sageli\u00a0erinevate halogeeni\u00fchendite segu.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1382\" height=\"242\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-264\" style=\"width: 400px;height: 70px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.11.02.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.11.02.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.11.02.png 1382w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.11.02-300x53.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.11.02-1024x179.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.11.02-768x134.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1382px) 100vw, 1382px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 4. Metaani kloorimine on lihtne n\u00e4ide alkaani\u00a0halogeenimisest. Esimeses etapis tekib klorometaan\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1624\" height=\"228\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-265\" style=\"width: 500px;height: 70px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.12.33.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.12.33.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.12.33.png 1624w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.12.33-300x42.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.12.33-1024x144.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.12.33-768x108.png 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.12.33-1536x216.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1624px) 100vw, 1624px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 5. Propaani broomimine\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"130\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-96\" style=\"width: 50px;height: 39px;float: right\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/popup.png\" title=\"popup.png\" alt=\"popup\">\u00a0 <a href=\"#\" data-bs-toggle=\"modal\" data-bs-target=\"#popup-modal\" data-title=\"Loe lisaks: Radikaalreaktsioonid.\" data-content='\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\tSide halogeeniaatomite vahel on k\u00fcllaltki n\u00f5rk ja selle l\u00f5hkumiseks on vaja suhteliselt v\u00e4he energiat. Seet\u00f5ttu v\u00f5ib Hal-Hal side katkeda UV-kiirguse v\u00f5i k\u00f5rge temperatuuri m\u00f5jul:\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\tCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; $\\xrightarrow{UV-kiirgus}$&amp;nbsp;2 Cl\u2219\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\tKuna halogeeniaatomid t\u00f5mbavad kovalentse sideme elektrone enda poole v\u00f5rdselt, j\u00e4\u00e4b kovalentse sideme katkemisel antud juhul kummalegi halogeeniaatomile \u00fcks paardumata elektron, mida m\u00e4rgime v\u00f5rrandis punktikesega. Moodustub radikaal, mis on&amp;nbsp; v\u00e4ga reaktsiooniv\u00f5imeline, sest halogeeniaatom soovib saavutada elektronoktetti, kuid radikaalil on v\u00e4liskihis ainult 7 elektroni. Halogeeniaatom v\u00f5ib v\u00f5tta elektronokteti saavutamiseks omakorda s\u00fcsivesinikult vesinikuaatomi:\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\tCl\u2219 +&amp;nbsp; CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt; &lt;span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\"&gt;\u2192 &lt;\/span&gt;HCl + \u2219CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\tKuid selle k\u00e4igus j\u00e4\u00e4b paardumata elektron s\u00fcsinikule ja s\u00fcsivesinikust moodustub uus radikaal. Tekkinud radikaal v\u00f5ib analoogiliselt edasi reageerida:\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\t\u2219CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt; + Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; &lt;span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\"&gt;\u2192 &lt;\/span&gt;CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;Cl + Cl\u2219\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\tNagu n\u00e4eme, toimub radikaaliline asendus ahelreaktsioonina: \u00fchest radikaalist tekib reaktsiooni k\u00e4igus teine radikaal ning reaktsiooniahel v\u00f5ib veel pikalt j\u00e4tkuda. Ahel saab katkeda siis, kui kokku satuvad kaks radikaali, mille paardumata elektronid saavad moodustada p\u00fcsiva sideme:\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\t2 Cl\u2219 &lt;span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\"&gt;\u2192 &lt;\/span&gt;Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;&lt;br&gt;Cl\u2219 + \u2219CH&lt;sub&gt;3 &lt;\/sub&gt;&lt;span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\"&gt;\u2192 &lt;\/span&gt;CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;Cl&lt;br&gt;2 \u2219CH&lt;sub&gt;3 &lt;\/sub&gt;&lt;span lang=\"ET\" style=\",serif\"&gt;\u2192 &lt;\/span&gt;CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\tAlkaani asendusreaktsioon halogeeniga on ainult \u00fcks n\u00e4ide radikaalreaktsioonist. Radikaalreaktsioonide hulka kuuluvad n\u00e4iteks ka s\u00fcsivesinike p\u00f5lemisprotsessid ning mitmed pol\u00fcmerisatsioonireaktsioonid. Ka osoonikihi h\u00f5renemist p\u00f5hjustavad teatud halogeeni\u00fchendite (freoonide) lagunemisel eralduvad klooriradikaalid, mille teket p\u00f5hjustab k\u00f5rgemal atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ris esinev intensiivne UV-kiirgus. Radikaalid tekivad samuti elusolendites ning osalevad organismile olulistes bioloogilistes protsessides, kuid v\u00f5ivad ka rakke kahjustada.\r\n&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;p&gt;\r\n\t'>Loe lisaks: Radikaalreaktsioonid.<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t\u00a0\u00a0\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d56f99de77b-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d56f99de77b-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d56f99de77b-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 4<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d56f99de77b-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d56f99de77b-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\tAlkaanide kasutamine\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKergemad (l\u00fchema ahelaga) gaasilised alkaanid leiavad kasutust k\u00fctusena kodudes, liikluses ning t\u00f6\u00f6stuses. Metaani (CH<sub>4<\/sub>) tuntakse ka maagaasi nime all. Tavaline balloonigaas on propaani ja butaani segu (kolme- ja neljas\u00fcsinikulised alkaanid), mis r\u00f5hu all on vedelik, kuid r\u00f5hu alanedes\u00a0aurustub kergesti. Erinevatest vedelatest alkaanidest koosnevad naftast saadud vedelk\u00fctused nagu bensiin ja diislik\u00fctus, aga ka m\u00f5ned lahustid. Siiski on oluline meeles pidada, et bensiini ja diislik\u00fctuse koostises v\u00f5ib olla lisaks alkaanidele ka teiste aineklasside esindajaid. Pikkade ahelatega alkaane, mis on tahked, kohtame n\u00e4iteks parafiini koostises. Parafiini levinuim kasutusala on olnud k\u00fc\u00fcnalde valmistamine. Veelgi pikemate s\u00fcsinikuahelatega alkaane leidub pol\u00fcmeerides, kus ahelates v\u00f5ib olla isegi enam kui sada tuhat s\u00fcsinikuaatomit. Alkaanide hulka kuuluvatest pol\u00fcmeeridest k\u00f5ige levinumad on pol\u00fcet\u00fcleen (pol\u00fceteen) ja pol\u00fcprop\u00fcleen (pol\u00fcpropeen), millest valmib suur osa igap\u00e4evases kasutuses olevatest kiledest ja plastikust\r\n<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alkaanid on s\u00fcsivesinikud, mille struktuuris esinevad ainult \u00fcksiksidemed. Alkaanid on k\u00fcllastunud s\u00fcsivesinikud, mille struktuuris esinevad ainult \u00fcksiksidemed (st puuduvad kordsed sidemed). Alkaanid v\u00f5ivad olla nii sirge kui ka hargneva ahelaga. Lisaks v\u00f5ivad alkaanide molekulide ahelad moodustada ts\u00fckleid (ts\u00fckloalkaane). Alkaane kutsutakse\u00a0\u201ck\u00fcllastunud &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-38","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":659,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38\/revisions\/659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}