{"id":36,"date":"2024-04-04T07:30:17","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:30:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/62-susinikuuhendite-valemid\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T23:35:49","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T20:35:49","slug":"62-susinikuuhendite-valemid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/62-susinikuuhendite-valemid\/","title":{"rendered":"6.2. S\u00fcsiniku\u00fchendite valemid"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>\r\n\tSummaarses valemis ehk molekulivalemis m\u00e4rgitakse koostiselementide aatomite arvud molekulis.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tOrgaanilise molekuli koostist saab \u00fcles m\u00e4rkida erinevatel viisidel. K\u00f5ige lihtsam on koostist n\u00e4idata <strong>summaarse valemi<\/strong> ehk <strong>molekulivalemi<\/strong> abil, milles m\u00e4rgitakse koostiselementide aatomite arvud molekulis. Kokkuleppeliselt kirjutatakse esimesena s\u00fcsiniku aatomite arv ja teisena vesiniku aatomite arv. \u00dclej\u00e4\u00e4nud elemendid j\u00e4rgnevad neile t\u00e4hestiku j\u00e4rjekorras. N\u00e4iteks etanooli molekulivalem on C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>O, gl\u00fckoosi oma C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>O<sub>6<\/sub>, 4-aminobutaanhappe ehk <span lang=\"ET\">gamma<\/span>-aminov\u00f5ihappe (oluline aine n\u00e4rvisignaali \u00fclekandes) molekulivalem aga C<sub>4<\/sub>H<sub>9<\/sub>NO<sub>2<\/sub>. Paraku annab selline aine koostise esitamise viis k\u00f5ige v\u00e4hem kasulikku informatsiooni, sest aine omadused m\u00e4\u00e4rab peamiselt molekuli struktuur. K\u00f5ige informatiivsemad on need molekuli kujutamise viisid, mis annavad edasi ka info selle kohta, kuidas erinevad aatomid on omavahel seotud. Seda v\u00f5ib teha molekulimudelitega.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tMolekulimudel\u00a0kujutab\u00a0aatomite paiknemist molekulis.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKoolides levinud molekulimudelites kujutatakse sageli aatomeid eri suurusega kuulidena ning keemilisi sidemeid vardakestena, mis sobituvad kuulides olevatesse aukudesse. Selliste mudelite abil saab n\u00e4idata, millised aatomid on molekulis omavahel \u00fchendatud ja milline on molekuli kuju. Tegelikult keemiline side muidugi vardake ei ole ning k\u00f5ige t\u00e4psemalt n\u00e4itavad molekuli kuju t\u00e4isruumilised molekulimudelid. N\u00e4iteks 4-aminobutaanhappe molekuli saab kujutada j\u00e4rgmiste molekulimudelitega:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"970\" height=\"286\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-230\" style=\"width: 509px;height: 150px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.02.20.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.02.20.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.02.20.png 970w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.02.20-300x88.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.02.20-768x226.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 970px) 100vw, 970px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t\u00a0\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 1. 4-aminobutaanhappe t\u00e4isruumiline ja kuul-varrasmudel\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"432\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-231\" style=\"width: 250px;height: 186px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/etanool.gif\" title=\"etanool.gif\" alt=\"pilt\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 2. Etanooli molekulimudel\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKuigi molekulimudelid kujutavad molekuli struktuuri k\u00f5ige t\u00e4psemalt, vajab nende koostamine erilisi vahendeid (spetsiaalne arvutiprogramm v\u00f5i molekulimudelite komplekt) ja need on suuremate molekulide puhul raskesti j\u00e4lgitavad. Praktikas kasutatakse seet\u00f5ttu molekulide struktuuri \u00fcles m\u00e4rkimiseks tavaliselt struktuurivalemeid. <strong>Tasapinnalises<\/strong> ehk <strong>klassikalises struktuurivalemis<\/strong> m\u00e4rgitakse \u00fchel tasapinnal k\u00f5ik keemilised sidemed molekulis.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tTasapinnaline ehk klassikaline struktuurivalem n\u00e4itab, millised aatomid on omavahel seotud ja millised sidemed nende vahel esinevad.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"884\" height=\"322\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-247\" style=\"width: 300px;height: 109px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.07.41.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.07.41.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.07.41.png 884w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.07.41-300x109.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.07.41-768x280.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 884px) 100vw, 884px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 3. 4-aminobutaanhappe tasapinnaline struktuurivalem\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tTasapinnaline valem ei kujuta \u00f5igesti molekuli kuju, kuid n\u00e4itab detailselt, kuidas on aatomid keemiliste sidemetega \u00fchendatud. Paraku on suuremate molekulide tasapinnalised struktuurivalemid raskesti j\u00e4lgitavad ja nende kirjutamine aegan\u00f5udev.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tLihtsustatud struktuurivalem on selline valem, kus\u00a0esitatakse sidemetega seotud aatomite r\u00fchmad. Lihtsustatud struktuurivalemis j\u00e4etakse keemilised sidemed kas osaliselt v\u00f5i t\u00e4ielikult m\u00e4rkimata. 4-aminobutaanhapet v\u00f5ib lihtsustatud struktuurivalemiga \u00fcles m\u00e4rkida nagu joonisel 4, aga n\u00e4iteks ka lihtsalt kui H<sub>2<\/sub>N\u2013CH<sub>2<\/sub>\u2013CH<sub>2<\/sub>\u2013CH<sub>2<\/sub>\u2013COOH (v\u00f5i\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>NCH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>COOH).\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tLihtsustatud struktuurivalemis m\u00e4rgitakse\u00a0sidemetega seotud aatomite r\u00fchmad.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"884\" height=\"210\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-248\" style=\"width: 300px;height: 71px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.08.46.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.08.46.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.08.46.png 884w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.08.46-300x71.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-04-04_at_13.08.46-768x182.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 884px) 100vw, 884px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 4. 4-aminobutaanhappe lihtsustatud struktuurivalem\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tSuuremate molekulide kujutamiseks on k\u00f5ige mugavam molekuli graafiline struktuurivalem ehk graafiline kujutis, milles n\u00e4idatakse aatomitevahelisi sidemeid ja s\u00fcsinikahela tasapinnalist kuju, ent \u00fcldiselt ei m\u00e4rgita C\u2013H sidemeid ja s\u00fcsinikuaatomiga seotud vesinikuaatomeid. Kriipsukesed kujutavad C\u2013C sidemeid ja kriipsu murdekohas v\u00f5i otspunktis on s\u00fcsinikuaatom. S\u00fcsinikuaatomiga seotud vesinikud tuleb ise juurde m\u00f5elda, kasutades teadaolevat s\u00fcsinikuaatomi sidemete arvu ja muude sidemete arvu \u00fchendis. 4-aminobutaanhappe graafiline kujutis on j\u00e4rgmine:\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tGraafiline struktuurivalem n\u00e4itab \u00e4ra s\u00fcsinikahela paiknemise tasandil.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"330\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-246\" style=\"width: 250px;height: 86px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-31_at_10.42.04.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-31_at_10.42.04.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-31_at_10.42.04.png 960w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-31_at_10.42.04-300x103.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-31_at_10.42.04-768x264.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 5. 4-aminobutaanhappe graafiline kujutis\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tSelles valemis kujutavad kolm murdekohta, mille juurde pole muid aatomeid m\u00e4rgitud, s\u00fcsinikuaatomeid s\u00fcsinikahelas. Kuna s\u00fcsiniku aatomil on neli sidet, peab murdekoha s\u00fcsiniku aatomiga olema seotud kaks vesinikuaatomit ning iga murdekoht kujutab \u2013CH<sub>2<\/sub>\u2013. Hapnikuaatomitega seotud s\u00fcsinikuaatomil ahela l\u00f5pus on juba neli sidet olemas, seega selle s\u00fcsinikuaatomiga t\u00e4iendavaid vesinikuaatomeid seotud ei ole. Graafiliste struktuurivalemite kasutamine on t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval orgaanilises keemias k\u00f5ige levinum viis molekule kujutada ning seega on v\u00e4ga oluline selgeks saada nende valemite kirjutamine ja lugemine. Vajadusel v\u00f5ta aega selle harjutamiseks.<br>\u00a0\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tTabel 1. N\u00e4ited molekuli struktuuri erinevatest esitusviisidest\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" align=\"center\" border=\"1\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\r\n\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:91.9pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"123\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:150%\">Molekulimudel<\/span><\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:127.6pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-left:none\" width=\"170\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"292\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-233\" style=\"width: 144px;height: 100px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.17.40.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.17.40.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.17.40.png 420w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.17.40-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:106.3pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-left:none\" width=\"142\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"292\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-234\" style=\"width: 144px;height: 100px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.17.50.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.17.50.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.17.50.png 420w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.17.50-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:134.65pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-left:none\" width=\"180\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"292\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-235\" style=\"width: 144px;height: 100px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.18.04.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.18.04.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.18.04.png 420w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.18.04-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:91.9pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"123\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:150%\">Klassikaline struktuurivalem<\/span><\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:127.6pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"170\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"292\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-236\" style=\"width: 144px;height: 100px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.25.27.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.25.27.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.25.27.png 420w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.25.27-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"142\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"292\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-237\" style=\"width: 144px;height: 100px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.25.37.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.25.37.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.25.37.png 420w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.25.37-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:134.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"180\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"292\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-238\" style=\"width: 144px;height: 100px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.25.50.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.25.50.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.25.50.png 420w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.25.50-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:91.9pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"123\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:150%\">Lihtsustatud struktuurivalem<\/span><\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:127.6pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"170\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH=CHCH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"142\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>COCH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:134.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"180\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>OH<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:91.9pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"123\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:150%\">Graafiline kujutis<\/span><\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:127.6pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"170\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"162\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-239\" style=\"width: 130px;height: 50px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.28.03.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.28.03.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.28.03.png 420w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.28.03-300x116.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"142\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"162\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-240\" style=\"width: 130px;height: 50px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.28.13.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.28.13.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.28.13.png 420w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.28.13-300x116.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:134.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"180\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"162\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-241\" style=\"width: 130px;height: 50px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.28.22.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.28.22.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.28.22.png 420w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.28.22-300x116.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:91.9pt;border:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-top:none\" width=\"123\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;padding:0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong><span style=\"line-height:150%\">Molekulivalem (summaarne valem)<\/span><\/strong>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:127.6pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"170\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\">C<sub>5<\/sub>H<sub>10<\/sub><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"142\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\">C<sub>4<\/sub>H<sub>8<\/sub>O<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<td style=\"width:134.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solidwindowtext1.0pt;border-right:solidwindowtext1.0pt\" width=\"180\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm;text-align: center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"line-height:150%\">C<sub>5<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>O<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t\u00a0\u00a0\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5891ea5858-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5891ea5858-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5891ea5858-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d5891ea5858-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5891ea5858-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5891ea5864-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5891ea5864-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5891ea5864-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d5891ea5864-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5891ea5864-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\t<br>S\u00fcsinikahelad\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tS\u00fcsinikahelad v\u00f5ivad olla sirged ehk lineaarsed, hargnenud v\u00f5i ts\u00fcklilised.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tOrgaanilise molekuli n-\u00f6 skelett on peamiselt s\u00fcsinikahel, aga v\u00f5ib sisaldada ka teisi aatomeid. S\u00fcsinikahelad v\u00f5ivad olla sirged ehk lineaarsed. Sellistes s\u00fcsinikahelates paiknevad s\u00fcsinikuaatomid j\u00e4rjestikku (\u00fckski C-aatom ei ole seotud enam kui kahe teise C-aatomiga). Ruumilise kuju poolest on \u201csirge\u201d ahel tegelikult k\u00fcll pigem siksakiline, sest C\u2013C sidemete vahel on umbes 109\u00b0 nurgad. Hargnenud ahela korral on \u00fcks s\u00fcsinikuaatom seotud kolme v\u00f5i nelja teise s\u00fcsinikuaatomiga. V\u00f5imalikud on ka ts\u00fcklilised s\u00fcsinikahelad.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1212\" height=\"176\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-242\" style=\"width: 551px;height: 80px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.35.08.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.35.08.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.35.08.png 1212w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.35.08-300x44.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.35.08-1024x149.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-11_at_13.35.08-768x112.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1212px) 100vw, 1212px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\tJoonis 6. Sirge (vasakul), hargnenud (keskel) ja ts\u00fcklilise (paremal) s\u00fcsinikuahela n\u00e4ide\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5891ea5866-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5891ea5866-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5891ea5866-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 3<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d5891ea5866-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5891ea5866-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2>\r\n\tIsomeeria\r\n<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h5>\r\n\tIsomeerid on ained, millel on sama molekulivalem, kuid erinev molekuli struktuur.\r\n<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\tKuna molekuli struktuur m\u00e4\u00e4rab aine omadused, on isomeeridel erinevad omadused<b>.<\/b> Tuntakse erinevaid isomeeriat\u00fc\u00fcpe. Isomeerid v\u00f5ivad erineda n\u00e4iteks funktsionaalr\u00fchma (funktsionaalr\u00fchma isomeeria), s\u00fcsinikahela paigutuse (ahelaisomeeria) v\u00f5i funktsionaalr\u00fchma asendi poolest (asendiisomeeria).\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1774\" height=\"286\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-244\" style=\"width: 620px;height: 100px\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-15_at_09.46.38.png\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-15_at_09.46.38.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-15_at_09.46.38.png 1774w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-15_at_09.46.38-300x48.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-15_at_09.46.38-1024x165.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-15_at_09.46.38-768x124.png 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-15_at_09.46.38-1536x248.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1774px) 100vw, 1774px\">\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n\t<span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span>Joonis 7. C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>O funktsionaalr\u00fchma isomeeride paar (vasakul), C<sub>4<\/sub>H<sub>10<\/sub> ahelaisomeeride paar (keskel) ja C<sub>4<\/sub>H<sub>10<\/sub>O asendiisomeeride paar (paremal)<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/h6>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t<span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d5891ea5868-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d5891ea5868-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d5891ea5868-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 4<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d5891ea5868-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d5891ea5868-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Summaarses valemis ehk molekulivalemis m\u00e4rgitakse koostiselementide aatomite arvud molekulis. Orgaanilise molekuli koostist saab \u00fcles m\u00e4rkida erinevatel viisidel. K\u00f5ige lihtsam on koostist n\u00e4idata summaarse valemi ehk molekulivalemi abil, milles m\u00e4rgitakse koostiselementide aatomite arvud molekulis. Kokkuleppeliselt kirjutatakse esimesena s\u00fcsiniku aatomite arv ja &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-36","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":665,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36\/revisions\/665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}