{"id":34,"date":"2024-04-04T07:30:17","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:30:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/410-keemilised-vooluallikad\/"},"modified":"2025-04-22T10:33:48","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T07:33:48","slug":"410-keemilised-vooluallikad","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/410-keemilised-vooluallikad\/","title":{"rendered":"4.10. Keemilised vooluallikad"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: black;\">K\u00fctuste kohte kohta saad \u00fclevaate j\u00e4rgmisest videost.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Allikas:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/zE8UiwMe1o8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/zE8UiwMe1o8\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/zE8UiwMe1o8<\/a><\/h6>\n<p><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Kindlasti oled kuulnud erinevatest energiaallikatest. Tuulest saadakse tuulegeneraatorite abil tuuleenergiat, p\u00e4ikesest p\u00e4ikesepaneelide abil p\u00e4ikeseenergiat. Keemiline energia vabaneb keemiliste reaktsioonide k\u00e4igus. Keemiliste vooluallikate abil saame elektrienergiat. \u00dched tuntumad keemilised vooluallikad on akud. Igap\u00e4evaelus ei kujuta me enam elu ette ilma hea telefoniakuta. Akud on m\u00f5eldud pikaajaliseks kasutamiseks ning t\u00fchjenemisel\u00a0 saab neid uuesti laadida.\u00a0 Keemilist energiat saame ka patareidest. Patareid on tavaliselt m\u00f5eldud \u00fchekordseks kasutamiseks.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Keemilise vooluallika t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5te<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u00dcks lihtsamaid keemilisi vooluallikaid on vask-tsinkelement. Elemendi all m\u00f5eldakse siin tervet keemilist vooluallikat, mitte keemilist elementi. Element koosneb kahest erineva aktiivsusega metallist, katoodist ja anoodist. Katood ja anood on juhtmete abil \u00fchendatud elektritarbijaga. Metallid on sukeldatud elektrol\u00fc\u00fcdi lahusesse. Lahused on omavahel \u00fchendatud elektrol\u00fc\u00fcdilahusega t\u00e4idetud toruga (elektrol\u00fc\u00fctsilla ehk soolasillaga), v\u00f5imaldamaks ioonidel lahuste vahel liikuda. Anoodiruumis on tsinksulfaadi lahus ja katoodiruumis vask(II)sulfaadi lahus. Redoksreaktsioonis t\u00f5rjub aktiivsem metall tsink vase soolalahusest v\u00e4lja. Protsess on eksotermiline ja toimub isevooluliselt (joonis 1).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Anoodireaktsioon<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Anood on metalliline tsink, tsink on redutseerija ja oks\u00fcdeerub:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"94\" height=\"94\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-168\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-10_at_16.24.42.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-10_at_16.24.42.png\" alt=\"pilt\">\u00a0<span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Zn \u2013 2e<sup>\u2013 <\/sup><\/span><span style=\"background: white;\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u2192 Zn<\/span><\/span><\/span><sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"background: white;\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">2+<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Selle tulemusena anood lahustub ja reaktsioon saab toimuda seni, kuni tsink on t\u00e4ielikult lahustunud. Metalliline tsink laadub negatiivselt, sest tsink loovutab elektronid.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"background: white;\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Katoodireaktsioon<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"background: white;\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Katoodiks on metalliline vask. Vask on mitteaktiivne metall ning metalliline vask on \u00fcsna stabiilne. Seet\u00f5ttu lahuses olevad vaseioonid liidavad elektrone ehk redutseeruvad ning vask sadeneb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"94\" height=\"94\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-169\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 30px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-10_at_16.24.53.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-10_at_16.24.53.png\" alt=\"pilt\">\u00a0<span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"background: white;\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Cu<sup>2+<\/sup>\u00a0 + 2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">e<sup>\u2013 <\/sup><\/span><span style=\"background: white;\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u2192 Cu<\/span><\/span><\/span><b>\u2193<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"background: white;\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Katood laadub positiivselt. Katoodil toimub vase redutseerimine.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"background: white;\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Liidame poolreaktsioonid kokku ja saame summaarse reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandi ioonsel kujul:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1632\" height=\"424\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-214\" style=\"width: 269px; height: 70px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-14_at_10.20.24.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-14_at_10.20.24.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-14_at_10.20.24.png 1632w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-14_at_10.20.24-300x78.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-14_at_10.20.24-1024x266.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-14_at_10.20.24-768x200.png 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-14_at_10.20.24-1536x399.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1632px) 100vw, 1632px\"><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Molekulaarse reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandi saame siis, kui lisame juurde ka sulfaatioonid:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Zn + <span style=\"background: white;\">CuSO<sub>4<\/sub> <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"background: white;\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u2192 ZnSO<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"background: white;\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"background: white;\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> + Cu<\/span><\/span><\/span><b>\u2193<\/b><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"background: white;\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"748\" height=\"724\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-213\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 290px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-03-14_at_10.12.41.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-14_at_10.12.41.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-14_at_10.12.41.png 748w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-03-14_at_10.12.41-300x290.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\"><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Joonis 1. Vask-tsinkelement<\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d587e16133d-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d587e16133d-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d587e16133d-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d587e16133d-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d587e16133d-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d587e161350-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d587e161350-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d587e161350-collapse\">\u00dclesande 1 lahendused<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d587e161350-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d587e161350-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<p>1.10. Tsink-vask keemilises vooluallikas toimub keemiline reaktsioon Zn +\u202fCuSO<sub>4<\/sub>\u2192 ZnSO<sub>4<\/sub>\u202f+ Cu\u2193.<\/p>\n<p>Kui lahustub 1 g tsinki, mitu grammi vaske tekib? Anna vastus t\u00e4psusega kaks kohta p\u00e4rast koma.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><b>Vastus<\/b>: 0,98 g<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><b>Lahendus:<\/b> antud on tsingi mass 1 g. Saame selle moolide arvu leida, teades, et M(Zn) = 65 g\/mol:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 80px;\"><span class=\"math-tex\">$n(Zn) = {m \\over M}= {1g \\over 65g\/mol}=0.015mol$<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">Reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandist n\u00e4eme, et tsingi ja vase moolsuhe on 1:1. Seega tekib 0,015 mol vaske. Teades, et M(Cu) = 63,5 g\/mol, leiame selle massi:<i><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 80px;\"><i><span lang=\"ET\">m<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"ET\">(Cu)\u00a0<i>=\u00a0<\/i><i>n\u00a0<\/i><i>\u00d7\u00a0<\/i><i>M\u00a0<\/i><i>=\u00a0<\/i>0,015 mol \u00d7 63,5 g\/mol = 0,9769 \u2248 0,98 g<\/span><\/p>\n<p>1.11. Tsink-vask keemilises vooluallikas toimub keemiline reaktsioon Zn +\u202fCuSO<sub>4<\/sub>\u2192 ZnSO<sub>4<\/sub>\u202f+ Cu\u2193.<\/p>\n<p>Kui lahustub 1 g tsinki, mitu grammi vaske tekib, protsessi kadu on 10 %? Anna vastus t\u00e4psusega kaks kohta peale koma.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><b>Vastus:<\/b> 0,88 g<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><b><span lang=\"ET\" style=\"color: black;\">Lahendus:<\/span><\/b><i> <\/i>antud on tsingi mass 1 g. Saame selle moolide arvu leida, teades, et M(Zn) = 65 g\/mol:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 80px;\"><span class=\"math-tex\">$n(Zn) = {m \\over M}= {1g \\over 65g\/mol}=0.0154 mol$<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\">Reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandist n\u00e4eme, et tsingi ja vase moolsuhe on 1:1. Seega tekib 0,015 mol vaske. Teades, et M(Cu) = 63,5 g\/mol, leiame selle massi:<i><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 80px;\"><i><span lang=\"ET\">m<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"ET\">(Cu)\u00a0<i>=\u00a0<\/i><i>n\u00a0<\/i><i>\u00d7\u00a0<\/i><i>M\u00a0<\/i><i>=\u00a0<\/i>0,0154 mol \u00d7 63,5 g\/mol = 0,9769 \u2248 0,98 g<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Kuna aga kadu on 10%, tekib arvutatud massist 10% v\u00e4hem ehk 90%. Seega on mass 0,98<\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u00d70,9 = 0,88 g.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00fctuste kohte kohta saad \u00fclevaate j\u00e4rgmisest videost. Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega. Muuda n\u00f5usolekut Allikas:\u00a0https:\/\/youtu.be\/zE8UiwMe1o8 Kindlasti oled kuulnud erinevatest energiaallikatest. Tuulest saadakse tuulegeneraatorite abil tuuleenergiat, p\u00e4ikesest p\u00e4ikesepaneelide abil p\u00e4ikeseenergiat. Keemiline energia vabaneb keemiliste reaktsioonide k\u00e4igus. Keemiliste vooluallikate abil &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-34","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1264,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34\/revisions\/1264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}