{"id":29,"date":"2024-04-04T07:30:16","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/45-metallide-leidumine-looduses\/"},"modified":"2025-04-29T10:28:46","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T07:28:46","slug":"45-metallide-leidumine-looduses","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/45-metallide-leidumine-looduses\/","title":{"rendered":"4.5. Metallide leidumine looduses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\">V\u00e4ga v\u00e4heseid metalle (nt Au, Pt) leidub looduses ehedana. Enamik metallilistest elementidest esineb looduses \u00fchenditena mitmesugustes maakides. Maak on mineraal v\u00f5i kivim, mis on mingi lihtaine v\u00f5i liitaine saamisel tooraineks. Maagid koosnevad enamasti mitmest ainest, sisaldades peale metalli\u00fchendi\u00a0k\u00f5rvalaineid.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\">P\u00f5hilised mineraalit\u00fc\u00fcbid on oksiidid, sulfiidid, kloriidid, karbonaadid ja sulfaadid. Aktiivsed metallid esinevad loodused tavaliselt sooladena ja neile on iseloomulikud ioonilise sidemega \u00fchendid. Tuntuim neist on kivisool ehk haliit (joonis 1). Kuna sellised soolad on v\u00e4ga h\u00e4sti lahustuvad, leidub neid suurel hulgal\u00a0merevees.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5pt 0cm; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1489\" height=\"1059\" class=\"wp-image-157 aligncenter\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 213px;\" title=\"nacl.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/nacl.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/nacl.png 1489w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/nacl-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/nacl-1024x728.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/nacl-768x546.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1489px) 100vw, 1489px\"><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Joonis 1. Kivisool ehk haliit, looduslik NaCl.<\/h6>\n<p style=\"margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\">Leelismuldmetalle ja magneesiumi leidub k\u00f5ige sagedamine vees raskesti lahustuvate karbonaatide v\u00f5i sulfaatidena (joonis 2).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5pt 0cm; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1595\" height=\"1118\" class=\"wp-image-158 aligncenter\" style=\"width: 285px; height: 200px;\" title=\"maco3.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/maco3.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/maco3.png 1595w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/maco3-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/maco3-1024x718.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/maco3-768x538.png 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/maco3-1536x1077.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1595px) 100vw, 1595px\">\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1352\" height=\"1041\" class=\"wp-image-163 aligncenter\" style=\"width: 260px; height: 200px;\" title=\"caco3_.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/caco3_.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/caco3_.png 1352w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/caco3_-300x231.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/caco3_-1024x788.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/caco3_-768x591.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1352px) 100vw, 1352px\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"margin: 5pt 0cm; text-align: center;\">Joonis 2. MgCO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0ja CaCO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0<\/h6>\n<p style=\"margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\">Paljud mitteaktiivsed metallid esinevad looduses oksiidide ja sulfiididena (joonis 3), aga ka h\u00fcdroksiididena ja\u00a0hapnikhapete sooladena. Nendele \u00fchenditele on v\u00e4ga iseloomulik ioonilis-kovalentne side, mis on oma omaduselt ioonilise ja kovalentse sideme vahepealne.<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"margin: 5pt 0cm; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1142\" height=\"867\" class=\"wp-image-159 aligncenter\" style=\"width: 263px; height: 200px;\" title=\"boksiit_al2o3.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/boksiit_al2o3.jpg\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/boksiit_al2o3.jpg 1142w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/boksiit_al2o3-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/boksiit_al2o3-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/boksiit_al2o3-768x583.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1142px) 100vw, 1142px\">\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1586\" height=\"1157\" class=\"wp-image-160 aligncenter\" style=\"width: 274px; height: 200px;\" title=\"hermatiit.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/hermatiit.jpg\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/hermatiit.jpg 1586w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/hermatiit-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/hermatiit-1024x747.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/hermatiit-768x560.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/hermatiit-1536x1121.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1586px) 100vw, 1586px\"><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"margin: 5pt 0cm; text-align: center;\">Joonis 3. Alumiiniumi\u00a0 p\u00f5himineraal boksiit (Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>\u00d7 nH<sub>2<\/sub>O) ja raua p\u00f5himineraal hematiit (Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>)<\/h6>\n<p style=\"margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\">Metallid (plii, tsink, nikkel, vask jt), mille \u00fchendites on kovalentse sideme osakaal suur, leiduvad looduses sageli sulfiididena.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5pt 0cm; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"872\" height=\"657\" class=\"wp-image-161 aligncenter\" style=\"width: 265px; height: 200px;\" title=\"puriit.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/puriit.jpg\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/puriit.jpg 872w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/puriit-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/puriit-768x579.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 872px) 100vw, 872px\">\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"923\" height=\"695\" class=\"wp-image-162 aligncenter\" style=\"width: 266px; height: 200px;\" title=\"pliilaik.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/pliilaik.jpg\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/pliilaik.jpg 923w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/pliilaik-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/pliilaik-768x578.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 923px) 100vw, 923px\"><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"margin: 5pt 0cm; text-align: center;\">Joonis 4.\u00a0Raua ja v\u00e4\u00e4vli\u00a0p\u00f5himineraal p\u00fcriit (FeS<sub>2<\/sub>) ja\u00a0pliil\u00e4ik (PbS)<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"margin: 5pt 0cm; text-align: center;\">Tabel 1. M\u00f5ned n\u00e4ited metallide t\u00e4htsamatest looduslikest\u00a0\u00fchenditest<\/h6>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 50%;\" border=\"1\" width=\"623\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"margin: 5pt 0cm; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Mineraali t\u00fc\u00fcp<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-left: none;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 5pt 0cm; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">\u00dchendi valem<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt; margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Oksiidid<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt; margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>, Fe<sub>3<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub>, Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>, SnO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt; margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Sulfiidid<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt; margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">PbS, ZnS, FeS<sub>2<\/sub>, Cu<sub>2<\/sub>S, HgS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt; margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Kloriidid<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt; margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">NaCl, KCl, CaCl<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt; margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Karbonaadid<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt; margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">MgCO<sub>3<\/sub>, CaCO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt; margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Sulfaadid<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt; margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">CaSO<sub>4<\/sub>, BaSO<sub>4<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-top: none;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt; margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">Nitraadid<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top: none; border-left: none;\">\n<p style=\"padding: 0cm5.4pt0cm5.4pt; margin: 5.0pt 0cm 5.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"ET\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\">KNO<sub>3<\/sub>, NaNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc03114997c-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc03114997c-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc03114997c-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc03114997c-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc03114997c-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69dc031149985-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69dc031149985-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69dc031149985-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69dc031149985-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69dc031149985-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00e4ga v\u00e4heseid metalle (nt Au, Pt) leidub looduses ehedana. Enamik metallilistest elementidest esineb looduses \u00fchenditena mitmesugustes maakides. Maak on mineraal v\u00f5i kivim, mis on mingi lihtaine v\u00f5i liitaine saamisel tooraineks. Maagid koosnevad enamasti mitmest ainest, sisaldades peale metalli\u00fchendi\u00a0k\u00f5rvalaineid. P\u00f5hilised mineraalit\u00fc\u00fcbid &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-29","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1319,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29\/revisions\/1319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}