{"id":25,"date":"2024-04-04T07:30:16","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T04:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/38-soola-hudroluus\/"},"modified":"2025-04-06T21:21:37","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T18:21:37","slug":"38-soola-hudroluus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/38-soola-hudroluus\/","title":{"rendered":"3.8. Soola h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcs"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Miks k\u00f5igi soolade lahused pole neutraalsed ehk mis on h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcs<\/h2>\n<p>H\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcs on soola ja vee vaheline reaktsioon, mille tulemusel tekib tekib v\u00e4hedissotsieeruv \u00fchend ja v\u00f5ib muutuda lahuse pH. H\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsuvad soolad, mis sisaldavad n\u00f5rga happe aniooni ja\/v\u00f5i n\u00f5rga aluse katiooni. Samas tugeva aluse ja happe vahelisel reaktsioonil tekkinud sool (n\u00e4iteks Na<span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span>SO<span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><sub>4<\/sub><\/span><\/span>, KCl jt) ei h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsu ja soola lahus on neutraalne (ph=7)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Allikas:\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ZAP1moDv2xQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ZAP1moDv2xQ\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/ZAP1moDv2xQ<\/a><\/em><\/h6>\n<p>Vaatame erinevate soolade h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsi.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u00f5rga happe ja tugeva aluse soolad<\/h3>\n<h5 style=\"margin: 12pt 0cm;\">Tugeva aluse ja n\u00f5rga happe soola lahus on h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsi t\u00f5ttu aluseline (pH &gt; 7).<\/h5>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">N\u00f5rga happe tugeva aluse soolad on n\u00e4iteks CH<sub>3<\/sub>COONa, NaNO<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Vaatame l\u00e4hemalt naatriumetanaadi h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsi.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 12.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Esmalt oleks hea vaadata, millise happe ja aluse vahelisest reaktsioonist sool on tekkinud. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Nagu skeemilt n\u00e4ha, tekib naatriumetanaat etaanhappe ja naatriumh\u00fcdroksiidi vahelises neutralisatsioonireaktsioonis: <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"130\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-81\" style=\"width: 50px; height: 39px; float: right;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-11_at_13.55.20.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-11_at_13.55.20.png\" alt=\"video\"><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/LTnw48BpkwM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/LTnw48BpkwM\">Happe ja aluse vahelise neutralisatsiooni-reaktsiooni kohta vaata siit videost<\/a>.<\/h5>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">COOH + NaOH \u21c6\u00a0 CH<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">COONa + H<sub>2<\/sub>O.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 12.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Kahesuunaline nool v\u00f5rrandis t\u00e4hendab seda, et see reaktsioon ei kulge p\u00e4ris l\u00f5puni \u2013 reaktsioon on p\u00f6\u00f6rduv. Selle reaktsiooni p\u00f6\u00f6rdreaktsioon on soola h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcs.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 12.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;\">Kirjutame v\u00e4lja ioonv\u00f5rrandi:\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0cm 0.0001pt 40px;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH + Na<sup>+<\/sup> + OH<sup>\u2013 <\/sup><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u21c6\u00a0 CH<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">COO<sup>\u2013<\/sup> + Na<sup>+<\/sup> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0cm 0.0001pt 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"606\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-124\" style=\"width: 303px; height: 100px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-28_at_16.01.26.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-28_at_16.01.26.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-28_at_16.01.26.png 606w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-28_at_16.01.26-300x99.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 12.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">M\u00f5lemal pool kaksiknoolt on naatriumi ioon, mis taandub v\u00e4lja ning saame l\u00fchendatud ioonv\u00f5rrandi: <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH + OH<sup>\u2013 <\/sup><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u21c6\u00a0 CH<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">COO<sup>\u2013<\/sup> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 12.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Kirjutame v\u00e4lja p\u00f6\u00f6rdreaktsiooni ehk soola h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsi reaktsiooni:<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">CH<sub>3<\/sub>COO<sup>\u2013<\/sup> + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">O \u21c6 CH<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">COOH +<b> <span style=\"color: red;\">OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup><\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">N\u00e4eme, et naatriumetanaadi h[drol[[si tagaj\u2019rjel tekib lahusesse veidi OH<sup>\u2013<\/sup>\u00a0-ioone, mis muudavad lahuse keskkonna aluseliseks.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>N\u00f5rga aluse ja tugeva happe soolad<\/h3>\n<h5 style=\"margin: 12pt 0cm;\">N\u00f5rga aluse ja tugeva happe soola lahus on n\u00f5rgalt happeline (pH &lt; 7).<\/h5>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Vaatleme n\u00f5rga aluse tugeva happe soola h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsi ammooniumkloriidi n\u00e4itel.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 12.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Esmalt kirjutame v\u00e4lja reaktsiooni, milles tulemusena antud sool tekib: <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">NH<sub>3<\/sub><sub>\u00a0<\/sub>\u00d7 H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> + HCl \u21c6\u00a0 NH<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">4<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Cl\u00a0 + H<sub>2<\/sub>O.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 12.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt;\">Selle reaktsiooni p\u00f6\u00f6rdreaktsioon on soola h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcs.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Kirjutame v\u00e4lja neutralisatsioonireaktsiooni:\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">NH<sub>3\u00a0<\/sub>\u00d7 H<sub>2<\/sub>O + H<sup>+<\/sup> + Cl<sup>\u2013<\/sup><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> \u21c6\u00a0 NH<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">4<\/span><\/span><\/sub><sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">+<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> + Cl<sup>\u2013<\/sup>\u00a0 + H<sub>2<\/sub>O. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 12.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Kloriidiooni saab v\u00e4lja taandada ning saame l\u00fchendatud ioonv\u00f5rrandi: <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">NH<sub>3<\/sub>\u00d7H<sub>2<\/sub>O + H<sup>+<\/sup><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> \u21c6\u00a0 NH<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">4<\/span><\/span><\/sub><sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">+<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u00a0 + H<sub>2<\/sub>O.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 12.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Kirjutame v\u00e4lja p\u00f6\u00f6rdreaktsiooni ehk soola h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsi reaktsiooniv\u00f5rrandi: <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 36.0pt;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup>\u00a0 + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">O\u00a0 \u21c6\u00a0 NH<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u00d7 H<sub>2<\/sub>O + <b><span style=\"color: red;\">H<sup>+<\/sup><\/span><\/b>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e4eme, et lahusesse tekib vesinikioone, mis muudavad lahuse kes<span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">kkonna happeliseks. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Sool h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsub seda tugevamini, mida n\u00f5rgem alus v\u00f5i hape h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsil tekib. Eriti tugevasti h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsuvad n\u00f5rga happe ja n\u00f5rga aluse soolad, kuigi nende lahuste pH ei pruugi neutraalsest erineda. T\u00e4ieliku h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsi korral seotakse nii soola anioon kui ka katioon seotakse v\u00e4hedissotsieeruvatesse \u00fchenditesse.<\/p>\n<p>Siiani vaatlesime vaid \u00fchelaenguliste ioonidega soolasid. N\u00fc\u00fcd vaatleme h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsi seisukohalt keerukamaid s\u00fcsteeme ehk <strong>astmelist h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"margin: 12pt 0cm;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/book\/36-mis-elektrol%C3%BC%C3%BCdid-ja-mitteelektrol%C3%BC%C3%BCdid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"130\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-81\" style=\"width: 50px; height: 39px; float: right;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-11_at_13.55.20.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-11_at_13.55.20.png\" alt=\"video\"><\/a><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/book\/36-mis-elektrol%C3%BC%C3%BCdid-ja-mitteelektrol%C3%BC%C3%BCdid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/book\/36-mis-elektrol%C3%BC%C3%BCdid-ja-mitteelektrol%C3%BC%C3%BCdid\">Vaata ka osa \u201cAstmeline dissotsiatsioon, mitmeprootonilised happed\u201d.<\/a><\/h5>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Kui vette lisada naatriumikarbonaati Na<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub>, siis tekib n\u00f5rga s\u00fcsihappe anioone:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0cm 12pt 40px;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Na<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> (t) \u2192 2Na<\/span><\/span><sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">+<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> (l) + CO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">2\u2212<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> (l).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">CO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">2\u2212<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> ioonide ja vee vahel tekib h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsitasakaal:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0cm 12pt 40px;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">CO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">2\u2212<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">O \u21c6 HCO<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sub><sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u2212<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u00a0 + OH<\/span><\/span><sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u2212<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Ka tekkinud HCO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u2212<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u00a0 ioonide ja vee vahel tekib h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsitasaka<\/span><\/span>al:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0cm 12pt 40px;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">HCO<sub>3<\/sub><\/span><\/span><sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u2212<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"> + H<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">O \u21c6 H<\/span><\/span><sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sub><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">CO<sub>3<\/sub> + OH<\/span><\/span><sup><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">\u2212<\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">M\u00f5lemas h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsiastmes vabaneb h\u00fcdroksiidioone ja sellep\u00e4rast on Na<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub> ehk pesusooda vesilahuse pH m\u00e4rgatavalt k\u00f5rgem ja h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcs tugevam kui\u00a0 NaHCO<sub>3<\/sub> ehk s\u00f6\u00f6gisooda \u00fchestmelise h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsi korral.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">N\u00fc\u00fcd oleme valmis v\u00f5rdlema erinevate katioonide m\u00f5ju soola h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsile (Joonis 1):<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1192\" height=\"550\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-125\" style=\"width: 433px; height: 200px;\" title=\"screenshot_2022-02-28_at_16.06.46.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-28_at_16.06.46.png\" alt=\"pilt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-28_at_16.06.46.png 1192w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-28_at_16.06.46-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-28_at_16.06.46-1024x472.png 1024w, https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/screenshot_2022-02-28_at_16.06.46-768x354.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1192px) 100vw, 1192px\"><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Joonis 1. K<span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">atiooni m\u00f5ju nitraatide lahusele pH-le. pH m\u00e4\u00e4ramiseks on kasutatud indikaatoried, mis annavad lahusele kauni v\u00e4rvuse <\/span><\/span>Allikas:\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/schoolbag.info\/chemistry\/central\/153.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-url=\"https:\/\/schoolbag.info\/chemistry\/central\/153.html\">https:\/\/schoolbag.info\/chemistry\/central\/153.html<\/a><\/h6>\n<p style=\"margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Jooniselt on n\u00e4ha katiooni m\u00f5ju soolalahuse pH-le. NaNO<sub>3<\/sub> ei h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsu, kaltsiumnitraat praktiliselt ei h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsu, aga tsinknitraadi ja akumiiniumnitraadi lahused on happelised. Nitraadi koostises olev katioon p\u00e4rineb vastavast alusest. KOH ja Ca(OH)2 on tugevad alused, samas Zn(OH)2 ja Al(OH)3 on n\u00f5rgad alused. K\u00f5ige tugevamini h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsub Al(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>. Lahustele annavad v\u00e4rvuse erinevad indikaatorid (vasakult paremale): bromot\u00fcmoolsinine, bromot\u00fcmoolsinine, met\u00fc\u00fclpunane ja met\u00fc\u00fcloran\u017e. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"et\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">Tabel 1. Soolalahuste<\/span><\/span>\u00a0pH<\/h6>\n<table class=\"table table-hover\" style=\"width: 70%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"1\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Sool<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Lahuse keskkond<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tugeva aluse katioon + tugeva happe anioon<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">pH\u00a0~ 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tugeva aluse katioon + n\u00f5rga happe anioon<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">pH\u00a0&gt; 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N\u00f5rga aluse katioon + tugeva happe anioon<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">pH\u00a0&lt; 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N\u00f5rga aluse katioon + n\u00f5rga happe anioon<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">pH\u00a0~ 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"130\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-96\" style=\"width: 50px; height: 39px; float: right;\" title=\"popup.png\" src=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/524\/popup.png\" alt=\"popup\">\u00a0 <a href=\"#\" data-bs-toggle=\"modal\" data-bs-target=\"#popup-modal\" data-title=\"Loe lisaks: Mis on puhverlahused?\" data-content='&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Paljude reaktsioonide l\u00e4biviimiseks on vaja, et pH reaktsiooni k\u00e4igus ei muutuks oluliselt. Ka elusorganismide h\u00e4ireteta toimimiseks on vaja p\u00fcsivat pH-d. Selliseid lahuseid, mille pH v\u00e4ikese koguse happe v\u00f5i aluse lisamisel ei muutu, nimetatakse puhverlahusteks.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Puhverlahused koosnevad enamast koosneb n\u00f5rgast happest v\u00f5i alusest ja sellele vastavast soolast.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Puhverlahusete m\u00f5ju p\u00f5hineb n\u00f5rga elektrol\u00fc\u00fcdi dissotsiatsioonitasakaalul. V\u00f5tame n\u00e4iteks n\u00f5rga happe etaanhappe CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;COOH ja sellele vastava soola CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;COONa segu ja vaatame, mis muutub happe v\u00f5i alusel lisamisel etaanhappe dissotsiatsioonitasakaalus:&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"&gt;CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;COOH&lt;span style=\"font-size: 11.6667px;\"&gt;\u00a0\u00a0&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span lang=\"et\"&gt;&lt;span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"&gt;\u21c6\u00a0&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;COO&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;\/sup&gt; + H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kuna etaanhappe lahusesse on lisatud tema soola, siis nihkub dissotsiatsioonitasakaal vasakule (\u00f6eldakse, et soola anioonid t\u00f5rjuvad happe dissotsiatsiooni tagasi). Tekib puhverlahus, kus etaanhape ja etanaatioonid on tasakaalus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kui sellele puhverlahusele lisada veidi NaOH lahust, siis seotakse osa vesinikioone vees, aga selle tulemusel nihkub tasakaal paremale ehk osa etaanhappest dissotsieerub, t\u00e4nu sellele tekib lahusesse juurde v\u00f5rreldav kogus prootoneid ja pH praktiliselt ei muutu. Rakendub Le Chatelier&amp;#8217;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kui aga lisame puhverlahusele n\u00e4iteks veidi soolhapet, siis lisanduvad vesinikioonid nihutavad tasakaalu vasakule, st vesinikioone seotakse v\u00e4hedissotsieeruvasse etaanhappesse ja lahuses prootonite sisaldus oluliselt ei muutu. Selle tulemusena j\u00e4\u00e4b pH praktiliselt samaks.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;'>Loe lisaks: Mis on puhverlahused?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d55c99d2bb2-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d55c99d2bb2-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d55c99d2bb2-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 1<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d55c99d2bb2-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d55c99d2bb2-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p><\/p><div class=\"accordion mb-3\">\n        <div class=\"accordion-item accordion-item--white\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-header\" id=\"accordion-69d55c99d2bb8-heading\">\n            <button class=\"accordion-button collapsed\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#accordion-69d55c99d2bb8-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"accordion-69d55c99d2bb8-collapse\">\u00dclesanne 2<\/button>\n        <\/h2>\n        <div id=\"accordion-69d55c99d2bb8-collapse\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d55c99d2bb8-heading\">\n            <div class=\"accordion-body\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--fixed\" style=\"height: 366px;\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>Kolmandate osapoolte sisu n\u00e4gemiseks palun n\u00f5ustu k\u00fcpsistega.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Muuda n\u00f5usolekut<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Miks k\u00f5igi soolade lahused pole neutraalsed ehk mis on h\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcs H\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcs on soola ja vee vaheline reaktsioon, mille tulemusel tekib tekib v\u00e4hedissotsieeruv \u00fchend ja v\u00f5ib muutuda lahuse pH. H\u00fcdrol\u00fc\u00fcsuvad soolad, mis sisaldavad n\u00f5rga happe aniooni ja\/v\u00f5i n\u00f5rga aluse katiooni. Samas &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-25","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1219,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25\/revisions\/1219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/huvitavkeemia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}