{"id":17,"date":"2024-04-04T04:31:16","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T01:31:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/heritage-analysis\/44-icp-ms-and-la-icp-ms\/"},"modified":"2024-07-16T20:05:40","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T17:05:40","slug":"44-icp-ms-and-la-icp-ms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/heritage-analysis\/44-icp-ms-and-la-icp-ms\/","title":{"rendered":"4.3. ICP-MS,  LA-ICP-MS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In this lecture, an overview of the\u00a0<strong>Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry\u00a0 (ICP-MS)<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) <\/strong>will be made. These methods become the main workhorses for the analysis of trace element concentration and various isotopic ratios in a wide range of cultural heritage objects. Overview of the instruments\u2019 working principle and limitations alongside main advantages and disadvantages of these methods will be discussed. Analysis of different materials will be explained,\u00a0and practical tips and examples will be given.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #b22222;\">1. General aspects of ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS methods<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the following video general theoretical aspects of ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS are discussed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>To view third-party content, please accept cookies.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Change consent<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #b22222;\"><em>Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry\u00a0 (ICP-MS)<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p><strong>ICP-MS<\/strong> is an analytical technique that can be used for (ultra)trace element and isotopic ratio measurements.\u00a0The method can be considered destructive because the sample must first be dissolved in an appropriate acid mixture before analysis. The choice of acids depends on the sample and the elements that need to be characterised but is usually HNO<sub>3<\/sub> in combination with HCl and\/ or HF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A liquid sample is introduced into the spectrometer, where it is transformed into an aerosol and injected into an inductively coupled argon plasma. Inside the high-temperature plasma (10000 K), the aerosol dries, the solid residue evaporates, the molecules in the sample are broken apart, atomised, and the atoms are ionised. The formed ions are thereafter separated from one another by a mass spectrometer \u2013 a separation device that discriminates the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio (<em>m\/z<\/em>).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This analytical technique enables very low detection limits \u2013 for many elements a few ppt (parts-per-trillion, i.e. n 10<sup>\u221212\u00a0<\/sup>g of element per 1 g of sample) can be achieved. The determination of elemental composition by ICP-MS can however be complicated by numerous spectral interferences. These interferences can be corrected for or eliminated but the applicability of these correction\/elimination methods can be instrument-specific. Although all types of ICP-MS spectrometers can be used for isotope ratio measurements, the accuracy of the obtained isotope ratios can range broadly, depending on the instrumentation. In some cases the results can be too inaccurate to produce usable data. As such, dedicated multi collector (MC-ICP-MS) spectrometers are commonly employed for isotope ratio measurements as they can provide adequate accuracy for most applications, in many case order or orders of magnitude more accurate than the ICP-MS designs used for routine analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\">ICP-MS is increasingly used for the analysis of cultural heritage materials. Elemental composition and especially trace element concentrations, ratios and rare earth element (REE) patterns alongside isotope ratios (e.g. Pb and Sr isotope ratios) can be used to determine where the source material used for the production of cultural heritage study objects originates from and track human migration patterns. Trace elements and isotope ratios can be viewed as chemical fingerprints to determine where the metal to produce bronze artefacts was mined or where the humans from ancient burial sites were born.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\">In the following video, Dr P\u00e4\u00e4rn Paiste introduces in the lab\u00a0the ICP-MS technique and gives an overview of its principles.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>To view third-party content, please accept cookies.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Change consent<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\u00a0\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #b22222;\"><em>Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LA-ICP-MS<\/strong> is a variety of ICP-MS analysis where a laser-based sample introduction system is coupled to an ICP-MS system. This enables <em>in situ<\/em> analysis of solid samples. A pulsed, high-energy laser beam with a diameter of a few tens to hundreds of micrometres is focused on the sample surface. Each laser impulse ablates a small portion of the sample, which is transported in a gas flow to the ICP-MS. By rastering the laser beam, it is possible to generate elemental and isotope ratio maps of the sample. The main limiting factor for the use of LA-ICP-MS is the availability of reference materials that have the same sample matrix as the samples. For accurate isotope ratio and quantitative elemental composition measurements, a calibration standard with matching composition to the sample must be used for the calibration of the system. If a suitable reference material is not available, it is still possible to produce relative elemental distribution maps. Although the LA-ICP-MS analysis results are less accurate than conventional ICP-MS results, LA-ICP-MS allows to characterize individual small areas in the sample compared to a bulk result from a dissolved sample.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More information on sample preparation and analysis can be found in the videos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #b22222;\">2. Analysis with ICP-MS method<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the following video, Dr P\u00e4\u00e4rn Paiste introduces ICP-MS, sample preparation and how to perform measurement with this\u00a0instrument.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p><div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>To view third-party content, please accept cookies.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Change consent<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #b22222;\">3. Analysis with LA-ICP-MS method<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the following video, Dr P\u00e4\u00e4rn Paiste\u00a0introduces LA-ICP-MS, sample preparation and how to perform measurement with this method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<div class=\"ratio ratio-16x9 mb-3\"><div class=\"video-placeholder-wrapper video-placeholder-wrapper--16x9\">\n\t\t\t    <div class=\"video-placeholder d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"overlay text-white p-2 w-100 text-center d-block justify-content-center align-items-center\">\n\t\t\t            <div>To view third-party content, please accept cookies.<\/div>\n\t\t\t            <button class=\"btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 consent-change\">Change consent<\/button>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The slides used in the video can be downloaded from\u00a0here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group attached-files-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-5252bec1-eeb7-431d-a32f-aedd862c4467\" href=\"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/285\/general_aspects_icp-ms_and_la-icp-ms.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">General_aspects_ICP-MS_and_LA-ICP-MS.pdf<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this lecture, an overview of the\u00a0Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry\u00a0 (ICP-MS)\u00a0and\u00a0Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) will be made. These methods become the main workhorses for the analysis of trace element concentration and various isotopic ratios in &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":151,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/heritage-analysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/heritage-analysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/heritage-analysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/heritage-analysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/151"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/heritage-analysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/heritage-analysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":842,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/heritage-analysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17\/revisions\/842"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/heritage-analysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}