{"id":593,"date":"2024-04-03T23:40:02","date_gmt":"2024-04-03T20:40:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/kunder\/"},"modified":"2025-04-30T17:27:39","modified_gmt":"2025-04-30T14:27:39","slug":"kunder","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/k\/kunder\/","title":{"rendered":"Juhan Kunder"},"content":{"rendered":"

Poems<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\"Juhan<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Prose<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Juhan (Johann) Kunder (26.XII 1852 \u2013 24. IV 1888) was an Estonian writer poet and teacher, folklore collector, literary historian and public figure.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

He was born at Kovali farm in Holstre parish in Viljandimaa county, the son of a farmer. He attended Pulleritsu village school, Paistu parish school, Viljandi primary and county schools, and from 1872 to 1875 Tartu Teachers\u2019 Seminary. Later he passed the county school teachers\u2019 examination. From 1873 he belonged to the Estonian Students\u2019 Society. He was also a member of the Society of Estonian Men of Letters, and from 1882 to 1888 was its deputy president. He was active in the Alexander School movement, and actively collected folklore. Kunder\u2019s mentor was Mihkel Veske.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kunder collaborated on the newspapers Eesti Postimees<\/em>, Sakala<\/em> and Valgus<\/em>, and from 1885 to 1886 edited the literary weekly Meelejahutaja<\/em>, which under his editorship played a large part in developing the Estonian literary canon. The reviews in it were later published as a separate book. At first it concentrated on analysing verse, later on introducing the great figures of the Awakening period. The influence of Koidula is reflected in Kunder\u2019s poems and plays.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

From 1876 to 1886 he lived and worked as a teacher in Rakvere. Before that he was a teacher for a year or so in Tartu. He compiled nature-study textbooks and readers, wrote plays and poetry (patriotic, nature and love poems), translated from other languages and wrote literary criticism. He also edited Part I of C. R. Jakobson\u2019s Kooli Lugemise Raamat<\/em> (\u2018School Reading Book\u2019). One of his best-known poems is Munam\u00e4el<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018On Munam\u00e4gi Mountain\u2019), which was set to music by K. A. Hermann.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kunder was among the first theoreticians of children\u2019s literature, who gave lectures on the subject and brought several tales based on folk traditions to children, such as Ahjualune<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018The Creature under the Stove\u2019), Suur Peeter ja V\u00e4ike Peeter<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018Big Peter and Little Peter\u2019), Vaeslaps ja talut\u00fctar<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018The Orphan and the Farmer\u2019s Daughter\u2019), which are still well-known and republished today. The children\u2019s books he created have been translated into many languages. He himself translated Jonathan Swift\u2019s Gulliver\u2019s Travels into Estonian.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In 1886 he went to study natural sciences at Kazan University and thereafter to St. Petersburg, where he died of typhus aged 35. Kunder is buried in Rakvere cemetery.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Streets have been named after him in Rakvere and Tallinn, as well as an erratic boulder on the slopes of Suur-Munam\u00e4gi hill. There is also a monument to Juhan Kunder in Rakvere, and a memorial stone at his birthplace. The Juhan Kunder Society, which operates at his birthplace in Rakvere makes the Juhan Kunder Spirituality Award.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M. K. (Translated by C. M.)<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Books in Estonian<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Fairy tales and other pieces for children<\/em><\/strong>
\nLaste raamat<\/strong>. Rakvere: 1884, 46 lk.
\nLu\u2019ud lastele<\/strong>. 1.-2. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1885, 1888, 16+16 lk.
\nEesti muinasjutud<\/strong>. Korjanud ja \u00fclesse kirjutanud J. Kunder. Tartu: Eesti Kirjameeste Selts, 1885, 160 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1924, 2007 (publikatsioon internetis, kommenteeritud v\u00e4ljaanne, k\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/www.folklore.ee\/UTfolkl\/mj\/kunder\/index.html).]
\nAhjualune<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1970, 24 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1985, 2010.]
\nSuur Peeter ja V\u00e4ike Peeter<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Kirjastus, 1944, 19 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1963, 1986, 2000, 2014, 2016.]
\nKaristatud uudishimu<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1946, 16 lk.
\nS\u00fcdi s\u00f5sar<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ilukirjandus ja Kunst, 1946, 16 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk: 1971.]
\nImelik peegel<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus, 1953, 65 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1975, 1987, 2002, 2010, 2015, 2018.]
\nVaeslaps ja talut\u00fctar<\/strong>. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1969, 16 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk: 2017.]
\nJuhan Kunder, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, Rehepapilood<\/strong>. Tallinn: Perioodika, 1988, 47 lk.
\nJuhan Kunder, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, Jutte vaeslapsest<\/strong>. Tallinn: Perioodika, 1990, 32 lk.
\nJuhan Kunder, August Jakobson, Loomade loomisest<\/strong>. Tallinn: Perioodika, 1993, 32 lk.
\nJuhan Kunder, Matthias Johann Eisen, Tark kuningat\u00fctar<\/strong>. Tallinn: Ilo, 2010, 16 lk.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Poems<\/em><\/strong>
\n\u00d5ie-kuu ja k\u00fclm elu maanteel<\/strong>. 1. p\u00e4rg. Luuletanud J. C. Tartu: 1873, 20 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10062\/7996.]
\nJ. C., K\u00fcmme laulu<\/strong>. Tartu: C. Mattiesen, 1876, 12 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10062\/7995.]
\nJ. Kunder\u2019i Algup\u00e4ralised luuletused<\/strong>. Tartu: 1889, 56 lk. [K\u00e4ttesaadav: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10062\/8003.]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Drama<\/em><\/strong>
\nMulgi m\u00f5istus ja Tartlase tarkus<\/strong>. Nali \u00fches j\u00e4rgus. Tartu: Schnakenburg, 1881, 26 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1906, 1914, 1994.]
\nMuru Miku meelehaigus<\/strong>. Nali \u00fches j\u00e4rgus. Eesti n\u00e4item\u00e4ngu s\u00f5bradele. Tartu: Schnakenburg, 1882, 31 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1885, 1994.]
\nKroonu onu<\/strong>. Nali kahes n\u00e4ituses. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1885, 79 lk. [J\u00e4rgnevad tr\u00fckid: 1905, 1909, 1922, 1954, 1971.]
\nM\u00f5rsja ja M\u00e4ratsejad<\/strong>. Kolmejauline n\u00e4item\u00e4ng. Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1887, 100 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk: 1994.]
\nKingu Laos<\/strong>. Ajap\u00e4raline n\u00e4item\u00e4ng kahes j\u00e4rgus. Viljandi: 1890, 52 lk. [2. tr\u00fckk: 1994.]
\nN\u00e4idendid<\/strong>. Koostanud K\u00fclli Laugaste. Tartu: T\u00dc Kirjastus, 1994, 131 lk. [Sisu: \u2018Muru Miku meelehaigus\u2019, \u2018M\u00f5rsja ja m\u00e4ratsejad\u2019, \u2018Vallavanema valimine\u2019, \u2018Kingu Laos\u2019, \u2018Mulgi m\u00f5istus ja tartlase tarkus\u2019, \u2018Vorst\u2019 (J.Kunderi jutukese j\u00e4rgi dramatiseerinud A.Rennit).]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Poems\u00a0 Prose Juhan (Johann) Kunder (26.XII 1852 \u2013 24. IV 1888) was an Estonian writer poet and teacher, folklore collector, literary historian and public figure. He was born at Kovali farm in Holstre parish in Viljandimaa county, the son of …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"parent":498,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-593","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/593","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=593"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/593\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7120,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/593\/revisions\/7120"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sisu.ut.ee\/ewod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}